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INTRODUCTION
Framed by a Constituent Assembly
Constituted in 1946 Consisted of 299 members Majority members belonged to Congress Party All prominent leaders Movement were members of Freedom
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India
http://www.nios.ac.in/srsec317newE/317EL5.pdf
The Preamble
Education System
Increasing primary education attendance rate and expanding literacy to two thirds of the population. India's improved education system is often cited as main contribution to economic rise
Constitution Amendments
Amend 335 Sept 8th 2000, Permit relaxation of qualifying marks and other criteria in reservation in promotion for SC / ST candidates. Amend articles 45 and 51A.Insert article 21A,12 December 2002 Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six. Amend article 15,20th Jan 2006, to enable provision of reservation for other backward classes (OBC) in government as well as private educational institutions. Article 29,Right to education act 2010 .
http://www.mapsofindia.com/events/republic-day/indian-constitution-amendment.html
Schemes
Mid day meal scheme -1960s Sarva Siksha Abhiyan Navodaya vidyalaya system National literacy mission Integrated education for disabled children scheme National knowledge commission Kasturba gandhi balika vidyalaya
http://www.gyanpedia.in/tabid/248/itemid/643/Govt-Schemes.aspx
Reservation
Reservation in India- 50% OBC- 27.5% SC-15% ST- 7.5% Women s reservation 33%
Women Rights
The principle of Gender Equality is enshrined in the Indian Constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. The Constitution not only grants equality to women, but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women. Within the framework of a democratic polity, our laws, development policies, Plans and programmes have aimed at women s advancement in different spheres.
FROM EQUAL STATUS WITH MEN IN ANCIENT TIMES THROUGH THE LOW POINTS OF THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD,TO THE PROMOTION OF EQUAL RIGHTS BY MANY REFORMERS, THE HISTORY OF WOMEN IN INDIA HAS BEEN EVENTFUL. In modern India, women have adorned high offices in India including that of the President, Prime minister ,Speaker of the Lok Sabah and Leader of the Opposition.
Equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State (Article 16) The State to make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief (Article 42) The State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people (Article 47)
Legal Provisions
ALTHOUGH WOMEN MAY BE VICTIMS OF ANY OF THE CRIMES SUCH AS 'MURDER', 'ROBBERY', 'CHEATING' ETC, THE CRIMES,
WHICH ARE DIRECTED SPECIFICALLY AGAINST WOMEN, ARE CHARACTERIZED AS 'CRIME AGAINST WOMEN'.
Police records show high incidence of crimes against women in India. The National Crime Records Bureau reported in 1998 that the growth rate of crimes against women would be higher than the population growth rate by 2010.Earlier, many cases were not registered with the police due to the social stigma attached to rape and molestation cases. Official statistics show that there has been a dramatic increase in the number of reported crimes against women.
(1) The Crimes Identified Under the Indian Penal Code (IPC)
Rape (Sec. 376 IPC) Kidnapping & Abduction for different purposes ( Sec. 363-373) Homicide for Dowry, Dowry Deaths or their attempts (Sec. 302/304-B IPC) Torture, both mental and physical (Sec. 498-A IPC) Molestation (Sec. 354 IPC) Sexual Harassment (Sec. 509 IPC) Importation of girls (up to 21 years of age).
Conclusion
Women in India have made a considerable progress in the last fifty years but yet they have to struggle against many handicaps and social evils in the male dominated society. Honour Crimes or Honour Killings are acts of violence, usually murder, mostly committed by male family members predominantly against female [relatives] , who are perceived to have brought dishonour upon the family. The Marriage Act no longer regards woman as the property of man. Marriage is now considered to be a personal affair and if a partner feels dissatisfied she or he has the right of divorce. The dowry problem has assumed a dangerous form in this country. . Some women are murdered in such cases. The dowry deaths are really heinous and barbarous crimes committed by the cruel and inhumane persons.
The government and the constitution of any country could pass any number of bills and articles directed towards giving women equal rights in the society and building a better country. But the actual power rests in the hands of the society who must eradicate all the evils and build a consistent and clean image to the role of women in building India. Laws exist to protect the people of the country against inhumane acts but the role of the entire society in following those rules and maintaining a sense of authenticity will be the deciding factor in the implementation of the basic women rights.
Indian Judiciary
Chapter IV part V of the Indian Constitution
Indian Judiciary is an integrated system formed on the basis of British Legal systems which were prevalent during pre independence era. The Indian Judiciary is organized in a hierarchical form with the Nayaya panchayats at the bottom and the Supreme court at the apex. In between we have the district and high courts.
Indian Judiciary is independent and non-Partisan. Judiciary has two main functions preservation of Constitutional and legal rights. The judiciary has to apply equal law to all the citizens of India irrespective of caste, creed, wealth, gender and religion
Corruption
Corruption
As with many developing nations, corruption is widespread in India. Political, bureaucratic, corporate and individual corruption in India are major concerns A recent study conducted by Transparency International in India found that more than 55% of Indians had first-hand experience of paying bribes or influence peddling to get jobs done in public offices successfully Corruption has taken the role of a persistent aspect of Indian politics and administration.
Corruption In Politics
Criminalization of Indian politics is a main problem. In July 2008 Washington Times reported that nearly a fourth of the 540 Indian Parliament members faced criminal charges, "including human trafficking, immigration rackets, embezzlement, rape and even murder". At state level, things are often worse.
Corruption In administration
Officials often steal state property. In Bihar, more than 80% of the subsidized food aid to poor is stolen. In Government Hospitals, corruption is associated with non availability of medicines (or duplicate medicines), getting admission and consultations with doctors.
In Our Shining India, Over 5000 Children Die Every Day From Hunger And Malnutrition. After reading this Do you still think India is a developing country?
Around 23 lakh children, aged 1-59 months, died in India in 2005 alone.
According to an estimate by the World Food Program, one quarter of the world s hungry live in India. India ranks 66th in the world in battling hunger. Over 20 crore people are hungry. During 1997-2007, 10 lakh tonnes of food grain was damaged. With this 10 lakh tonnes of food one crore people could be fed for a year. At a time when food prices are skyrocketing and thousands of families living below poverty line are struggling to get their meals, such wastage of food grain is unfortunate and shameful.
India is a rich country that breeds poor people to make Rich Richer
Editorial, people Democracy
Secularism
Is India Secular?
Blue Star .3-6 june 1984 .Darbar sahib Amritsar temple .Death in the army:83 .Civilian Killed:492(official) .Unofficial report:1500
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Blue_Star
.Operation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_anti-Sikh_riots
6th Dec 1992 Babri Masjid was demolished BJP led political rally involving 150000 demolished the structure Riots broke out across India More than 2000 people died
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babri_Mosque
Right against exploitation: Article 23: The details of Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor are presented in this Article Article 24: The Article contains Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
http://www.mapsofindia.com/events/republic-day/indian-citizens.html
Right to Freedom:
Article 19: Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc. are clearly specified in the Article Article 20: This Article states the Protection in respect of conviction for offenses Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty is mentioned in the Article Article 22: This Article deals with Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
http://www.mapsofindia.com/events/republic-day/indian-citizens.html
Thank You