AGE OF DISCOVERIES AND COLONIZATION

Prepared by: Prof. Aimee Dizon

Factors
Crusades European demand for oriental products Venetian monopoly More exact geographical information Expansion of credit facilities ang banking Christianization and colonization Commercial Revolution Accounts of Marco Polo Search for alternative route Fall of Constantinople

FACTORS
Commercial Revolution Increase of trade and the growth of commerce Improvement of banking and credit facilities The need for more market and profits Merchants acquisition of wealth and power Scientific advancement

FACTORS
European demand for oriental products The European primarily desired for gold and silver Sugar and milk Spices

FACTORS
Crusades Christianization and eventually colonization (There persisted an anti-Muslim sentiment) (Portugal and Spain believed that they have this God-given duty to drive away the Muslims in Africa and convert the people of Asia)

FACTORS
Fall of Constantinople Venetian monopoly Accounts of Polo brothers Search for an alternative route

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portugal Established a navigational school The introduction of astrolabe, compass and the caravels

Discoveries
Portugal B. Diaz Cape of Good Hope Portugal V. Da Gama India Spain C. Columbus New World Spain Balboa Pacific Ocean Britain J. Cabot Canadian Coast France J. Cartier St. Lawrence River

Results
Papal Bull (Pope Alexander VI) - Division of the world into two, all lands South and West of the Azores and Cape Verde Islands belong to Spain and the rest to Portugal - An imaginary line was drawn 100 degrees of the Azores (May 3) - On September, the Pope nullified the 2nd bull and allowed Spain to discover and to own land in the east

Results
Treaty of Tordesillas (June 7,1494)
- Demarcation line was drawn from north to south at a distance of 370 leagues of the Cape Verde island. All lands found in the east belong to Portugal and all lands in the West for Spain. - If Spanish ships discovered lands in the east of the line, the land should be turned over to Portugal and vice versa - No Portuguese ships should be sent to lands belonging to Spain and vice versa

Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese He was denied of his pension He was not given good exploration assignment His efforts were never recognized by the Portuguese monarch

Five Ships
Santiago San Antonio Victoria Trinidad Concepcion

Problems encountered by Magellan

The belief that Rio de Janeiro is the gateway to the Pacific Some ships were destroyed Mutiny: Mendoza, Quesada, Cartagena Most of their belongings were taken by people of Guam (Islas de Ladrones)

Magellan in the Philippines

Magellan reached Homonhon (March 17,1521) Blood Compact of Magellan and Kolambu First mass (Limasawa, March 31,1521- Fr. Pedro de Valderrama) Battle of Mactan

Battle of Mactan

Significance of Magellans Expedition

It proved the sphericity of the earth It broke the Venetian monopoly It brought awareness of the Europenas on the existence of the Philippines The discovery of the Philippines in the name of Spain

Other Expeditions
Loaisa (1525-1526) Cabot (1526-1530) Saavedra (Mindanao)

Treaty of Zaragoza
Portugal won the possession of Moluccas by paying Spain 350,000 gold ducats Another imaginary line was drawn from North to South at 297 leagues east of the Moluccas

Villalobos Expedition
Mindanao They faced starvation Bernardo de la Torre Tandaya (Makandala) Felipinas (Samar and Leyte)

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi

Purpose: To Survey the trade in spices To discover a new trade route To establish settlement

Legaspis blood compact with Sikatuna

Reasons on the Easy Pacification of the Philippines

Barangays were scattered Diversity of language Willingness to cooperate with the Spaniards Superioriyt of Spanish Arms and the arts of warfare