The Circulatory System

A Biology Project by Cici Donna Real and Mika Hara

An introduction to the project

Hello and welcome to The Circulatory System, a Biology project by two Einstein students, Cici Donna Real and Mika Hara. In this project, we were tasked to make a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation about a system of our choice, and describe the system thoroughly throughout the presentation. Thereafter, we chose to present the circulatory system because it is a recently covered topic and a quite challenging subject to explain. Our layout in this PowerPoint presentation is very minimal and easy to navigate through. Start browsing this project by clicking next or by choosing a slide from the navigation located at the right side of this slide. Thank you for reading this introduction and we hope you enjoy our presentation!

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Introduction The circulatory system Functions Parts The heart The blood The blood vessels Diseases Conclusion

This is a project presented to you by Cici Donna Real and Mika Garcia Hara.

What IS the circulatory system?

The Circulatory System is responsible for transporting materials throughout the entire body. It transports nutrients, water, and oxygen to your billions of body cells and carries away wastes such as carbon dioxide that body cells produce. It is an amazing highway that travels through your entire body connecting all your body cells.

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Introduction The circulatory system Functions Parts The heart The blood The blood vessels Diseases Conclusion

This is a project presented to you by Cici Donna Real and Mika Garcia Hara.

Functions
There are several functions of the circulatory system that must not be forgotten: Carry oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs thereby aiding in the exchange of gases. Supply of oxygen is needed for proper function of the cells. Removal of carbon dioxide is also equally essential as it becomes toxic to cells when present in high amount. Help in fighting against infections by the defense cells- the granulocytes and agranulocytes. Prevent over bleeding by forming blood clot by the platelets. Helps to maintain pH of the blood by buffering system present This is a project presented to you by Cici Donna Real and Mika Garcia Hara.

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Introduction The circulatory system Functions Parts The heart The blood The blood vessels Diseases Conclusion

Par ts
The circulatory system is divided into three major parts, namely: the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels.

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Introduction The circulatory system Functions Parts The heart The blood The blood vessels Diseases Conclusion

The Heart
The heart is an amazing organ. The heart beats about 3 billion times during an average lifetime. It is a muscle about the size of your fist. The heart is located in the center of your chest slightly to the left. Its job is to pump your blood and keep the blood moving throughout your body. It is your job to keep your heart healthy, and there are many things you can do to keep it maintained.

The Blood
The blood is a substance that is constantly flowing through our bodies. Your blood is pumped by the heart. It travels through blood vessels within our body. Your blood carries various materials- such as nutrients, water, oxygen, and waste products.

The Blood Vessels

There are three types of blood vessels: arteries, capillaries and veins. Arteries carry oxygen away from the heart. Capillaries connect arteries to veins. Nutrients, oxygen, and water use the capillary walls as a passage.

Your blood is not merely a Veins carry blood back to red substance- it is made your heart. up of liquids, solids, and small amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

This is a project presented to you by Cici Donna Real and Mika Garcia Hara.

T he Hear t

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Introduction The circulatory system Functions Parts The heart The blood The blood vessels Diseases Conclusion

Here are the parts of a human heart. Continue.

This is a project presented to you by Cici Donna Real and Mika Garcia Hara.

T he Hear t
The heart has four valves which help in preventing back flow of blood during systole. They ensure a one way traffic of blood. The valves are made up of flaps of connective tissue. There are four main heart valves. Two of them lie in the opening of the atria and ventricles. The other two valves lie at the beginning of the two great arteries. The atrioventricular valves are present between each atrium and ventricle. They help in preventing back flow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction. The left atrioventricular valve is called the bicuspid valve and separates the left atrium and the left ventricle. The right atrioventricular valve is called the tricuspid valve and separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. The pulmonary valve is a valve which separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery. The aortic valve is responsible for separating the right ventricle from the ascending aorta.

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Introduction The circulatory system Functions Parts The heart The blood The blood vessels Diseases Conclusion

This is a project presented to you by Cici Donna Real and Mika Garcia Hara.

T he Blood
Blood, a vital fluid found in humans and other animals that provides important nourishment to all body organs and tissues and carries away waste materials. Sometimes referred to as the river of life, blood is pumped from the heart through a network of blood vessels collectively known as the circulatory system. There are three classes of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. Red blood cells pick up oxygen in the lungs and transport it to all the body cells. Afterwards, it gathers up carbon dioxide and transports them back to the lungs where it is removed from the body when we exhale. There are approximately five million red blood cells in one drop of blood. -continue

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Introduction The circulatory system Functions Parts The heart The blood The blood vessels Diseases Conclusion

This is a project presented to you by Cici Donna Real and Mika Garcia Hara.

T he Blood
White blood cells or leukocytes are cells of the immune system involved in defending the body against both infectious diseases and foreign materials. There are five different and diverse types of leukocytes, but they are all produced and derived from a multiponent cell in the bone marrow known as a hematopoietic stem cell.
Platelets are blood cells that help stop bleeding. When we cut ourselves, we have broken a blood cells and the blood leaks out. In order to plug up the holes where the blood is leaking from the platelets start to stick to the opening of the damaged blood cells. As the platelets stick to the opening of the damaged vessel they attract more platelets, fiber and other blood cells to help form a plug to seal the broken blood vessel. When the platelet plug is completely formed the wound stops bleeding.

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Introduction The circulatory system Functions Parts The heart The blood The blood vessels Diseases Conclusion

-continue

This is a project presented to you by Cici Donna Real and Mika Garcia Hara.

T he Blood
Another part of the blood is the plasma. Plasma is the liquid part of the blood, and approximately half of your blood is made out of plasma. The plasma carries the blood cells and other components throughout the body. Plasma is made in the liver.

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Introduction The circulatory system Functions Parts The heart The blood The blood vessels Diseases Conclusion

This is a project presented to you by Cici Donna Real and Mika Garcia Hara.

T he Blood Vessels
The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: thearteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart. Arteries carry oxygen away from the heart. Capillaries connect arteries to veins. Nutrients, oxygen, and water use the capillary walls as a passage. These are tiny blood vessels as thin or thinner than hair. Veins carry blood back to your heart.

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Introduction The circulatory system Functions Parts The heart The blood The blood vessels Diseases Conclusion

This is a project presented to you by Cici Donna Real and Mika Garcia Hara.

Diseases
There are several diseases involving the circulatory system. There are two types of circulatory system problems, viz. congenital, problems present at birth and acquired, developed after death. Common problems and diseases include: Aortic aneurysm, angina, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, and peripheral vascular disease. Most of these diseases involve the human heart. If you do not take care of your heart very well, you could easily get a disease regarding it.

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Introduction The circulatory system Functions Parts The heart The blood The blood vessels Diseases Conclusion

This is a project presented to you by Cici Donna Real and Mika Garcia Hara.

Conclusion
In its most basic form, the circulatory system is a simple loop which starts, and ends, at the heart. It is also a closed system in the sense that blood does not enter or leave the system during its journey from the heart, to the body, and back again. In such a system, a continuous flow of the same liquid can be pumped through the loop again and again. This system is yet another important part of your body- and the most important part that keeps you alive and kicking, the heart, is a part of it. The circulatory system have important functions, as compared to other parts of the body.

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Introduction The circulatory system Functions Parts The heart The blood The blood vessels Diseases Conclusion

This is a project presented to you by Cici Donna Real and Mika Garcia Hara.

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Introduction The circulatory system Functions Parts The heart The blood The blood vessels Diseases Conclusion

This is a project presented to you by Cici Donna Real and Mika Garcia Hara.