Internal

OWB000001 GPRS Fundamental

ISSUE 2.0
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GPRS principle is the basic part of the whole system and the later products learning. This slide will help us to understand the GPRS system networking and some important procedure.

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References

 3GPP protocol 23060  3GPP protocol 29060  3GPP protocol 24008

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 Upon completion of this course, you

will be able to: > Describe the GPRS networking structure > Describe the GPRS mobility management procedure > Describe the GPRS session management procedure

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Chapter 1 GPRS Network Structure Chapter 2 Mobility Management Chapter 3 Radio Resource management Chapter 4 Session Managment

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GPRS Network Structure

 What is GPRS?

> General Packet Radio Service

 Why GPRS?

> In order to provide the data service to end user

 GPRS network classification

> GSM GPRS > UMTS GPRS

 GPRS network background

> GSM GPRS network reuse the existed GSM network > UMTS GPRS network just change the RAN side

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GPRS Network Structure

MSC/VLR GMLC HLR

SS7
Gs Lg Gr

BSS
Um Gb

FR

SGSN

Gn

GGSN
Gi

PDN

Gn

GPRS Backbone

Ga

UTRAN
Um

SGSN Iu
ATM

Ga

CG

BG
Gp

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GPRS Network Structure

 Some Abbreviation

> GPRS: General Packet Radio Service > BSS: Base Station Subsystem > UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network > SGSN: Service GPRS Support Node > GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node > CG: Charging Gateway > BG: Bordering Gateway > PDN: Packet Data Network

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GPRS Network Structure

 Some Abbreviation

> MSC/VLR: Mobile Switch Center/Visitor Location Register > GMLC: Gateway Mobile Location Center > HLR: Home Location Register > EIR: Equipment Identity Register

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GPRS Network Structure

 Important Entity Function __ SGSN

> Mobility management The mobility management functions are used to keep track of the current location of an MS within the PLMN or within another PLMN. > Session management Session Management (SM) function manages the PDP context of MS. > Routing and transfer SGSN performs routing and forwarding of service data between MS and GGSN. > Charging SGSN can generate, store, convert and send CDRs. > Lawful Interception > NTP

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GPRS Network Structure

 Important Entity Function __ GGSN

> Session management Session Management (SM) function manages the PDP context of MS. > Routing and transfer GGSN performs routing and forwarding of service data between MS and internet. > Charging GGSN can generate, store, convert and send CDRs. > Dynamic IP allocation > Service management Manage APN

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GPRS Network Structure

 Important Entity Function __ CG

> Real-time collection of GPRS bills > Temporary storage and buffering of GPRS bills > Pre-processing of GPRS bills > Sending GPRS bills to the billing center

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GPRS Network Structure

 Important Entity Function __ DNS
SGSN GGSN(A)

ISP A GPRS backbone

BSS DNS GGSN(B) Internet/ Intranet

ISP B

MS

> Resolve the APN to a GGSN IP in the PDP active procedure

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GPRS Network Structure

 Important Entity Function __ HLR/AUC

> Saving and updating GPRS subscriber subscription data > User authentication > Providing location/routing information and processing needed in mobility management and routing, for example Saving and updating user service SGSN number and address

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Chapter 1 GPRS Network Structure Section 1 Attach and Detach Section 2 Location Management Section 3 Security Function

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Chapter 2 Mobility Management Section 1 Attach and Detach Section 2 Location Management Section 3 Security Function

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2G Network States Transition

IDLE IDLE

GPRS Attach

GPRS Detach

GPRS Attach

GPRS Detach or Cancel Location

READY

Implicit Detach or Cancel Location

READY

READY timer expiry PDU transmission or Force to STANDBY

READY timer expiry or Force to STANDBY or Abnormal RLC condition

PDU reception

STANDBY

STANDBY

MM State Model of MS

MM State Model of SGSN

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Attach Procedure

(IMSI or PTMSI+RAI)

(PTMSI) (IMSI)

(Identity Type = IMSI) (IMSI)

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Attach Procedure

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Detach Procedure
 Function

> The GPRS Detach procedure allows an MS to inform the network that it does not want to access the SGSN-based services any longer > The GPRS Detach procedure allows the network to inform an MS that it does not have access to the SGSN-based services any more
 The following three entity can initiate the detach procedure

> MS > SGSN > HLR

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Detach Procedure (MS Initiation)

MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN GGSN 1. Detach Request

2. Delete PDP Context Request

2. Delete PDP Context Response

3. Detach Accept 4. PS Signalling Connection Release

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Detach Procedure

 The MS is detached either explicitly or implicitly:

> Explicit detach: The network or the MS explicitly requests detach > Implicit detach: The network detaches the MS, without notifying the MS, a configuration-dependent time after the mobile reachable timer expired, or after an irrecoverable radio error causes disconnection of the logical link.

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Chapter 2 Mobility Management Section 1 Attach and Detach Section 2 Location Management Section 3 Security Function

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Routeing Area Update Procedure

 RAU procedure will happen in the following two case:

> MS entered a new Route Area > Periodic RAU ( after periodic timer expires)
 Inter-SGSN RAU

> The new SGSN find the old SGSN from the old RAI > Old SGSN stop downlink signaling, transfer MM context and PDP context to new SGSN > Tunnelling N-PDU to the new SGSN > Update PDP context and subscriber data

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Routeing Area Update Procedure

Gn SGSN SGSN

RAI 1

RAI 2

RAI 3

RAI 4

cell

Inter SGSN -RAU

MS

Intra SGSN-RAU

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Inter-SGSN RAU Procedure (2G)

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Inter-SGSN RAU Procedure (2G)

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Chapter 2 Mobility Management Section 1 Attach and Detach Section 2 Location Management Section 3 Security Function

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Mobility Management Timer Function

 Periodic RA Update Timer Function

> Monitors the periodic routing area update procedure in the MS > Upon its expiry, the MS shall start a periodic routing area update procedure. > The length of the timer is set in SGSN; The value of the timer is sent to MS in attach accept message or routing update accept message
 Mobile Reachable Timer Function

> Upon the expiry of this timer, the MS is detached > This is reset and started when the state returns to STANDBY or PMM-IDLE > The timer shall be slightly longer than the periodic RA update timer used by an MS > The length of the timer is set in SGSN
 Purge Timer Function

> Allows the SGSN to inform the HLR that it has deleted the MM and PDP contexts of a detached MS. > The purge timer is set longer than the mobile reachable timer

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Authentication Function

MS

BSS/UTRAN

SGSN

HLR/Auc

1a. Send Authentication Info 1b . Send Authentication Info ack 2a. Authentication and Ciphering Request 2b. Authentication and Ciphering Response

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P-TMSI Reallocation

 Function

> The SGSN may reallocate the P-TMSI at any time > The reallocation procedure can be performed by the P-TMSI Reallocation procedure > The P-TMSI can be included in the Attach or Routeing Area Update procedures.

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P-TMSI Reallocation

MS

BSS/UTRAN

SGSN

1. P-TMSI Reallocation Command 2. P-TMSI Reallocation Complete

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Chapter 1 GPRS Network Structure Chapter 2 Mobility Management Chapter 3 Radio Resource management Chapter 4 Session Managment

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Paging for GPRS (2G)

 Function

> An MS in STANDBY state is paged by the SGSN before a downlink transfer to that MS > Paging move the MS state from STANDBY to READY. > Any uplink data from MS is a valid response to paging

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Paging for GPRS (2G)

MS BSS SGSN 1. PDP PDU STANDBY 3. GPRS Paging Request 4. Any LLC Frame (Receive Ready or Information frame) 5. Any LLC Frame 2. Paging Request

(IMSI, P-TMSI, Area, Channel Needed, QoS, DRX Parameters)

READY

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Chapter 1 GPRS Network Structure Chapter 2 Mobility Management Chapter 3 Radio Resource management Chapter 4 Session Managment

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Session Management
 Function

> Establish and monitor a packet tunnel from MS to GGSN, and allocate system resource for the packet service.

 Important Procedure

> PDP Context Activation > PDP Context Modification > PDP Context Deactivation

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Session Management
BTS BSC ISP A GGSN (A) MS ISP B

APN_NI/ Or APN_NI+APN_OI

SGSN DNS

Backbone

GGSN (B)

Corp. Network

APN-NI APN-

DNS DNS
APN_NI+APN_OI GGSN IP address
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PDP Context
 PDP Context

> The PDP context is Packet Data Protocol context > PDP context contains all the information needed to transfer user data between MS and GGSN. > The context includes parameters such as Routing, QoS (Quality of Service), Charging ID etc. > PDP context exists in MS, SGSN, GGSN and RNC/BSS

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MM Context and PDP Context

HLR

MS Uu

BSC Gb/ Iu or RNC

SGSN Gn
MM context PDP context #1 . . PDP context #n

GGSN

MM context PDP context #1 . . PDP context #n

PDP context #1 . . . PDP context #n

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Important Concept __ PDP State

INACTIVE

Activate PDP Context

Deactivate PDP Context or MM state change to IDLE or PMM-DETACHED

ACTIVE

 PDP state

> inactive > active

cannot transmit data can transmit data

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Important Concept __ PDP Type and PDP Address

 PDP Type

> IPV4 > IPV6

 PDP Address

> Static IP > Dynamic IP

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Important Concept __ QoS

 QoS is quality of service  It is a group of parameters that can define the network ability,

such as the bit rate for downlink or uplink data transmission and the reliability class and so on
 It is end to end concept

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Important Concept __ APN

 APN structure: APN_NI+APN_OI

huawei.com.cn.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.gprs

APN Network ID

APN Operator ID

Operator ID : fixed extension, must end with .gprs Network ID shall not end with .gprs

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Important Concept __ APN

IP1 GGSN1
APN1

APN1 APN2 APN3

MS

APN

SGSN

GGSN2

APN2

APN

GGSN IP GGSN3
APN3

DNS

APN1=GGSN1 IP1 APN2=GGSN2 IP2 APN3=GGSN3 IP3

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Activation Procedure

 PDP context activation procedure

> To establish a PDP context between the MS and the SGSN, the GGSN

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PDP Active Procedure (2G)

MS BSS 2G-SGSN 2G-GGSN

1. Activate PDP Context Request C1 2. Security Functions

3. Create PDP Context Request 3. Create PDP Context Response 4. BSS Packet Flow Context Procedures C2 5. Activate PDP Context Accept

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Typical Application
 E-mail from fixed to mobile network

HLR

BTS/No deB

BSC/R NC

SGSN

Backbone

GGSN

MS

Access server ISP Mail server

e-mail

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Typical Application
 E-mail from mobile to fixed network

HLR

BTS/No deB

BSC/R NC

SGSN

Backbone

GGSN

MS

Access server ISP Mail server

e-mail
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Summary

Summary

 In the whole GPRS fundamental, you

should remember some important concept and the basic signalling procedure

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Thank You
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