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BASICS REFINERY OPERATIONS CONCEPTS
CHAPTERS
123BASICS OF CRUDE OIL PETROLEUM INDUSTRY CRUDE OIL REFINING
Chapter -1
1Crude
Gravity
OR
Sp. Gr. =
Chapter -2
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
2. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Petroleum Industry:
The petroleum industry is divided into three major components Upstream Midstream Downstream
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2. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
UPSTREAM The upstream oil sector is a term commonly used to refer to the search for and the recovery and production of crude oil and natural gas.
The upstream oil sector is also known as exploration & production (E&P) sector.
DOWNSTREAM The downstream oil sector is a term commonly used to refer to refining of crude oil, and the selling and distribution of natural gas and products derived from crude oil. Midstream operations are usually included in the downstream category.
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2. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
OIL REFINERY An oil refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, asphalt base etc.
A refinery is composed of two groups of chemical engineering Unit Operations mean physical change. Fluid Flow, Distillation, Heat Transfer, Filtration, evaporation etc are some example. Unit Processes mean chemical change. Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrodesulphurization, Hydro-reforming etc are some example.
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2. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
TYPES OF OIL REFINERY
ON THE BASIS OF END PRODUCT
FUEL REFINERY
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HYDROSKIMMING REFINERY
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Chapter -3
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suspended solids, and water-soluble trace metals are removed from crude oil. This is the first step in the refining process, to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment.
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At the refinery, the desalted crude feedstock is preheated using recovered process heat (Exchanger1 Trains). The feedstock then flows to a direct-fired crude charge heater.
FRACTIONATION/DISTILLATION
Distillation is a separation process in which a liquid is converted into vapor ad the vapor then converted into a liquid of desired purity by the application or removal of heat. Distilland Feed to distillation Distillate - Product of distillation
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