TENSES

PRESENT TENSE
General Truth There are three branches of government in the Philippines. Habitual Action I review my notes before coming to class. Command or Request All rise! Future Action By next year, FEU is eighty four years old.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
BE + Present Participle (Active
Voice) I am preparing for my report tomorrow.

Action that is true as of the moment of speaking or writing. BE + being + Past Participle
(Passive Voice) The Nursing Building is currently being renovated.

PRESENT EMPHATIC
DO + Base To place importance on a certain action
Do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth? I, Lydia Echauz, do solemnly swear to perform all the duties of university president. A true FEU tamaraw does know what is right or wrong.

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT (SVA)

SIMPLE PAST
Regular or Irregular? Regular + -d/-ed Irregular

PAST PROGRESSIVE

BE + Present Participle (Active Voice) Two past actions happening at the same time While Anton was listening to the radio, Lourdes reviewed her notes. I was preparing to leave when the phone rang.

PAST EMPHATIC

Did + Base

FUTURE TENSE
WILL/SHALL + Base The class will take a test ten minutes after this discussion. BE + going to + Base (Active Voice) The student leaders are going to hold a meeting next week. Present (See present tense slide.) WILL BE/SHALL BE + Present Participle
(Active Voice)

Undergraduate students shall be electing their home room officers this week.

FUTURE TENSE
BE + going to be + Past Participle (Passive Voice) Results of the diagnostic exam are going to be released tomorrow. WILL BE/SHALL BE + Past Participle (Passive Voice) Questions for the take home exam shall be disclosed later.

PRESENT PERFECT HAVE + Past Participle (Active Voice) HAVE + been + Past Participle
(Passive Voice)

An action began in the past and continues to the present FEU has been an educational institution since 1928.

PRESENT PERFECT
A past

action recently terminated Students have just entered the room. An action with no specific point in the past Have I not seen you before?

COMPARE:
I took my snack in the canteen a few minutes ago. I took my snack in the canteen. I have taken my snack in the canteen.

*PRESENT PERFECT VS. SIMPLE PAST

Complete the following sentences with the correct verb form. 1. According to yesterdays newspapers, astronomers in Australia (discover) a planet in a galaxy close to our own. 2. To help todays customers make a choice, a company in New York (develop) a video trolley a supermarket trolley with a video screen to display advertisements and price information.

3. At the start of his career, Cousteau (invent) the aqualung, opening the oceans to explorers, scientists, and leisure divers. 4. He proudly told reporters that the company (produce) software to prevent the recent increase in computer crime. 5. John Grigg (discover) the comet now called Grigg-Skjellerup, at the beginning of the 20th century.

STUDY THE ITALICIZED VERBS. CORRECT THEM IF NECESSARY.

CYCLE ROUTE SUCCESS IN BIRMINGHAM
New cycle routes have been built in and around the centre of Birmingham and speed limits have been reduced on selected roads. The scheme was now in operation for a year and has been hailed as a great success. Since the new speed limits were introduced, the number of accidents in the area fell dramatically. It has taken only six months to draw

up the plans and mark the routes. This has been

done in consultation with groups representing city cyclists. Jane Wills, a keen cyclist who works in the city centre, told us: When the new routes have been introduced, I have sold my car and bought a bike. I cycled to work ever since. Its the best thing the council did for cyclists and pedestrians in the time Ive been living in Birmingham. The success of the scheme has led to proposals for similar schemes in other cities.
Hewings, Martin. 1999. Advanced Grammar in Use. Cambridge: CUP.

PAST PERFECT
HAD + Past Participle (Active Voice) HAD + been + Past Participle (Passive
Voice)

At least two actions Both happened in the past One after the other First action, past perfect Second action, simple past I had finished drafting my report in my pc when the lights went out.

FUTURE PERFECT

WILL/SHALL + have + Past Participle Formal By 2015, most of my students last semester shall have graduated.

PRESENT PERFECT

Read the situations and complete sentences. Choose one of the following:
Arrive Break Go up Lose Grow Improve

Ronnie is looking for his cellphone. He cant find it. He has lost his phone. Jessica cant walk and her leg is in plaster. She ____________________. Marys English wasnt very good. Now it is much better. _______________________.

Arrive Lose

Break

Go up

Grow

Improve

Tom

didnt have a beard last month. Now he has a beard. _____________________. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it. __________________________. Last month the price of this item was P240. Now it is P265. ______________________.

READ THE SITUATIONS AND WRITE SENTENCES WITH JUST, ALREADY, OR YET.

After lunch, you go to see a friend at her house. She says, Would you like something to eat? You say. No, thank you. Ive just had lunch. (have lunch) Cyd goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says Can I speak to Cyd? You say, Im afraid __________________________. (go out)

 You

are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say, Wait a minute! ___________________. (not finish) You are going to a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says, Shall I phone to reserve a table? You say, No, _______________ it. (do)

 You

know that a friend of yours is looking for a job. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her. You say, ___________________________? (find) Justine went to the bank, but a few minutes ago he returned. Somebody asks Is Justine still at the bank? You say, No, _________________. (come back)

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

HAVE + been + Present Participle My cousin has been watching television for ten hours!

READ THE SITUATIONS AND COMPLETE TWO SENTENCES USING THE WORDS IN BRACKETS.

Joni Mae started reading a book two hours ago. She is still reading it and now she is on page 53. (read/for two hours) She has been reading for two hours. (read/53 pages so far) She has read 53 pages so far. Katherine is from Australia. She is traveling round Europe at the moment. She began her tour three months ago. (travel/for three months) __________________________. (visit/six countries so far) __________________________.

 Paul is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was ten years old. This year he is national champion again --- for the fourth time. (win/the national championship four times) __________________________. (play/tennis since he was ten) _____________________________. When they left college, Raymond and Al started making films together. They still make films. (make/ten films since they left college) They__________________________.
(make/films since they left college)

_____________________________.

WRITE QUESTIONS WITH HOW LONG AND WHEN.

Its raining. (How long?) How long has it been raining? (When?) When did it start raining? Mary Grace is learning French. (How long/learn) ________________________. (When/start/learn)________________. I know Jonald. (How long/know) ____________________________. (When/first/meet)________________. Jack and Jill are married. (How long?) ________________________. (When?) ___________________.

CHOOSE A VERB WITH EITHER THE PRESENT PERFECT OR SIMPLE PAST FOR THESE SENTENCES. AGREE APPEAR CONTINUE DISAPPEAR MOVE REACH SHOW SOLVE WRITE

Research has shown that cycling can help patients overcome their illnesses. The rabbit just _____________ in my garden one day last week. With this promotion, I feel that I _______________ a turning point in my career. Oh, no! My car _______________!

 Quite

early in the negotiations, they ________________ to lower the prices. In 1778, Mozart _________________ his last great work in Vienna.

 Theres

not much more to do, now that we ______________ the main problem. Throughout the summer of 2005, Carlo _____________________ to divide his time between London and New York. When he was 13, his parents _________________ to Paris.

PAST PERFECT

Pearl felt very pleased with herself. She (had found/found) what she was looking for. Where are we? (had asked/asked) Renz. By the time I got back to the bathroom, the bath (had overflowed/overflowed). My sister told me that Joe (had died/died). She walked into the station only to find that the train (had left/left).

 He

(had looked/looked) at his watch again and began to walk faster. I was just about to leave when I (had remembered/remembered) my back pack. In a surprise move, the Committee Chairman (had resigned/resigned) last night.

USE THESE PAIRS OF VERBS TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. CHOOSE THE PAST PERFECT WHERE POSSIBLE; OTHERWISE, USE THE SIMPLE PAST. TURN/CATCH COME/START EAT/PICK CHECK/GO TYPE/GIVE COLLAPSE/PHONE

After Marconi ______________ the letter, he gave it to Jenny to sign. When Celine ________________ into the hall, everyone ________________ cheering. When Jarrence _________________ that his siblings were asleep, he ______________ out to the concert.

TURN/CATCH COME/START EAT/PICK TYPE/GIVE COLLAPSE/PHONE

CHECK/GO

As soon as I __________________ the ignition key, the engine _______________ fire. When Salve __________________, I ____________________ for an ambulance. After they ____________________ all the food, they _________________ up their bags and left.
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Mnemosyne/ 061507