Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Peter S. Rose
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Learning Objectives
To learn about the channels through which funds flow between lenders and borrowers within the global financial system. To discover the nature and characteristics of financial assets how they are created and retired by decision-makers within the financial system. To explore the critical roles played by money and the linkages between money and inflation.
McGraw Hill / Irwin
2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objectives
To examine how financial intermediaries and other financial institutions lend and borrow funds and create and retire financial assets within the global system of markets.
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Introduction
The financial system is the mechanism through which loanable funds reach borrowers. Through the operation of the financial markets, money is exchanged for financial claims in the form of stocks, bonds, and other securities, effectively transforming savings into investment so that production, employment, and income can grow.
McGraw Hill / Irwin
2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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= = = =
Current income receipts Current expenditures Change in holdings of financial assets Change in debt and equity outstanding
2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Flow of Funds Accounts
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What is Money?
All financial assets are valued in terms of money, and flows of funds between lenders and borrowers occur through the medium of money. Money itself is a true financial asset, because all forms of money in use today are claims against some institution, public or private.
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What is Money?
M3 M2 M1 The most liquid forms of money, namely currency and checkable deposits. Household holdings of savings deposits, small time deposits, and retail money market mutual funds. Institutional money funds and certain managed liabilities of depositories, namely large + time deposits, repurchase agreements, and Eurodollars.
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M1
Source: http://www.ny.frb.org/pihome/fedpoint/fed49.html
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M3
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Lenders (SBUs)
Primary Securities
(stocks, bonds, notes, etc., evidencing direct claims against borrowers)
Simple
McGraw Hill / Irwin
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Primary Securities
(direct claims against borrowers)
Lenders (SBUs)
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Secondary Securities
(indirect claims against ultimate borrowers issued by financial intermediaries in the form of deposits, insurance policies, retirement savings accounts, etc.)
Financial intermediaries
(banks, savings and loan associations, insurance companies, credit unions, mutual funds, finance companies, pension funds)
Flow of funds
(loans of spending power)
Flow of funds
(loans of spending power)
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Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Flow of Funds Accounts
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Contractual institutions attract funds by offering legal contracts to protect the saver against risk.
Insurance companies, pension funds.
McGraw Hill / Irwin
2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Disintermediation of Funds
Disintermediation refers to the withdrawal of funds from a financial intermediary by the ultimate lenders (savers) and the lending of those funds directly to the ultimate borrowers. Disintermediation involves the shifting of funds from indirect finance to direct and semidirect finance.
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Disintermediation of Funds
Financial Disintermediation
Primary Securities Ultimate borrowers (DBUs) Ultimate lenders (SBUs)
Financial intermediaries
Loanable funds
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Disintermediation of Funds
Some new forms of disintermediation have appeared over the past two decades. Initiation by financial intermediaries: Some banks sell off their loans because of difficulties in raising capital. Initiation by borrowing customers: Some borrowing customers learned how to raise funds directly from the open market.
McGraw Hill / Irwin
2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Chapter Review
Introduction The Creation of Financial Assets
Characteristics of Financial Assets Different Kinds of Financial Assets The Creation Process for Financial Assets
Financial Assets and the Financial System Lending and Borrowing in the Financial System
McGraw Hill / Irwin
2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Chapter Review
Money as a Financial Asset
What is Money? The Functions of Money
The Value of Money and Other Financial Assets and Inflation The Evolution of Financial Transactions
Direct Finance Semidirect Finance Indirect Finance
McGraw Hill / Irwin
2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Chapter Review
Relative Size and Importance of Major Financial Institutions Classification of Financial Institutions Portfolio (Financial-Asset) Decisions by Financial Intermediaries and Other Financial Institutions Disintermediation of Funds
New Types of Disintermediation
McGraw Hill / Irwin
2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Chapter Review
Bank-Dominated Versus Security-Dominated Financial Systems