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Presented byAbhay Singh Chandel Roll No.

INTRODUCTION
Conservation of Indian wildlife was not given the requisite importance for a long time. However, the government as well as the people slowly and gradually understood their responsibility in this context. Today, efforts are being made towards wildlife conservation in India, to preserve this natural wealth. Numerous wildlife conservation projects have been undertaken in India, both at the government as well as the individual level, to protect the rich wildlife of the subcontinent.

Threats
The problem of overcrowding is one of the major reasons for the depleting population of wild animals in India. The wildlife sanctuaries of India have become overcrowded and their capacity has decreased to quite an extent.

Tourism in the national parks of the country is increasing day by day. One of the reasons for this is a rise in the popularity of eco-tourism and adventure tourism. This has led to a growth in vehicle pollution and wildlife road fatalities, apart from leading to a damage of the natural habitat of birds and animals.

With the increase in tourism, the parks have witnessed an increase in wildfires also. Innocent campfires started by visitors have, more often than not, led to menacing wildfires. These fires not only kill animals, but also destroy their natural habitat. The wildlife of coastal areas is constantly disturbed by personal watercrafts, like jet skis or wave runners. These personal watercrafts enter shallow waters and expel nesting birds from their roosts. Such activities are disturbing the mating pattern of birds. Releasing of chemicals and other toxic effluents into the water bodies has led to poisoning of the water. The animals and birds drinking such water face a fatal threat. Even the population of fish, living in such water bodies, is declining at a fast pace.

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS

WILDLIFE PROTECTION ACT(1972) AND EXPORT-IMPORT POLICY


The wildlife protection act,1972 the provision of the convention of international trade in Endangered species(CITES) exportimport policy of India continue with the help of State Wildlife Departments, the state police departments,BSF and coast guards.
During the year 2001-2002,ban on export of 29 species of plant, plant portions and their derivatives obtained from wild were continued. Export of 6 species of exotic birds was continued subject to pre shipment inspection and CITES permit wherever required.

INDIAN BOARD OF WILD LIFE(IBWL)


IBWL is the apex advisory body in the field of Wildlife Conservation in the country and is headed by the Honorable Prime Minister of India. The IBWL has been reconstituted 7 Dec. 2001.

RESOLUTIONS OF IBWL
Wildlife and forests shall be declared priority sector at the national

level for which funds should be earmarked. Law enforcement agencies must ensure that those engaged in poaching, illicit trade in wildlife and wildlife products, destruction of their habitat, and such other illegal activities are given quick and deterrent punishment. There should be greater governmental as well as societal recognition and support for the many non-governmental organizations engaged in wildlife conservation. Mainstream media to better highlight their activities as also successes of governmental initiatives that have worked.

NATIONAL WILDLIFE ACTION PLAN(NWAP)


The first National Wildlife Action Plan(NWAP) of 1983 has been revised and the new Wildlife Action Plan(2002-2016) has been adopted. The plan outlines the strategies, action points and the priority projects for conservation of wild fauna and flora in the country.

STRATEGIES OF NWAP
Effective management of protected areas.
Conservation of wild and endangered species and their

habitat. Restoration of degraded habitats outside protected areas. Conservation awareness and education.

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL PARKS AND SANCTUARIES


There are 89 national parks and 497 Wildlife sanctuaries in the country covering an area 1.56 lakh sq.km. Financial assistance for development of National parks is provided. Protected Areas in mountains,deserts,and coastal regions supporting large population of endangered species.

FAMOUS WILDLIFE RESERVES AND SANCTUARIES IN INDIA


Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya Pradesh Corbett National Park in Uttar Pradesh Gir National Park & Sanctuary in Gujarat Kanha National Park in Madhya Pradesh Kaziranga National Park in Assam Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal Dachigam National Park in Jammu & Kashmir Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam Bhitarkanika Sanctuary, Orissa Satkosia - Baisipalli Sanctuary, Orissa Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar

PROJECT TIGER

Launched in 1973-74, it has been one of the most successful ventures in recent times to protect the striped predator. Under the same, a few sites in India were identified and named as Tiger Reserves. Special efforts were then carried out in these reserves to save the tiger.

STRATEGIES OF TIGER RESERVE


All forms of human exploitation and biotic disturbance to

be eliminated from the core zone and any activities carried out in the buffer zone should not impeach the wildlife habitat.
Any habitat management carried out should be subject to

redressing the damage caused by human interference in order to restore the ecosystem to its original state.
Changes in flora and fauna are to be documented for

research purpose.

PROJECT ELEPHANT

Project Elephant, a centrally sponsored scheme, was launched in February 1992 to provide financial and technical support to major elephant bearing states in India for protection of elephants, their habitats and corridors.

MAIN ACTIVITIES OF PROJECT ELEPHANT


Ecological restoration of exiting natural

habitats and migratory of elephants. Research on issues relating to elephant conservation. Development of scientific and planned management for conservation of elephant habitats and viable population of wild Asiatic elephants in India. Public education and awareness programme.

NGOs
There are also various NGOs working on wildlife conservation in India such as Wildlife Society of Orissa (Orissa), Rhino Foundation for Nature (Assam), Friends of Forests (Maharashtra), North Eastern Society for Preservation of Nature and Wildlife (West Bengal),Nature's Beckon (Assam), Nature Conservation Society Amravati (Maharashtra), The Friends of the Doon (Uttaranchal) and Bali Nature and Wild Life Conservation Society (West Bengal).

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