POPULATION AND SAMPLE

Math 7- Probability and Statistics Group 1

Population totally of element from which data under consideration shall be obtain. Population Statistics it is the totally of all the experiment.

Sample representative portion of the population taken from a study Parameter- characteristics of population Statistics- sample characteristics of a parameter.

where n = sample N = population = percentage error

Examples: A researcher wants to study the effects of pollution in a certain barangay with 5000 populations. Find the sample size he can take if an error of atmost 3% may be allowed.

Given:
N = 5000

= 3% = 0.03 N=?

Different Sampling Techniques

1. Simple Random Sampling - is a technique of drawing a sample whereby each element in the population has an equal chance of being taken into the sample.

Example:

A tester could randomly select 5 inputs to a test case from the population of all possible valid inputs within a range of 1-100 to use during test execution, To do this the tester could use a random number generator or simply put each number from 1-100 on a slip of paper in a hat, mixing them up and drawing out 5 numbers.

2. Systematic Sampling -is a technique of choosing an element for every k element of population where k is equal to N divided by sample.

3. Stratified Sampling is technique of dividing of a population into groups or strata and sampling is done on its stratum;

4. Cluster Sampling is the technique of taking sample from the groups and all element in those groups chosen will form the sample.

5. Purposive Sampling - a technique of choosing sample unit from a given population which has specific characteristics

Example: DETERMINING PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE OF DISABLE STUDENTS IN BUPC

6. Quota Sampling -a technique of setting a sample size based on the nature of the data that are needed in taking the first sampling unit that fulfilled the required number or quota.

7. Multistage Sampling - a sampling is various stages until the required sample are obtained

Example:
Surveying from municipality of Polangui to barangay to household.

8. Haphazard Sampling
-samples are selected

based on convenience but preferably should still be chosen as randomly as possible.

Example:

For example, the auditor may ask to see a list of all of the source code modules, and then closes his eyes and points at the list to select a module to audit

9. Judgmental Sampling

The person doing the sample uses his/her knowledge or experience to select the items to be sampled

Example:

The acceptance tester might select test cases that exercise the most complex features, mission critical functions or most used sections of the software