LECTURE II: DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

BY: TOCHE VIC B. DOCE

Question?????

In what province in the Bicol region is Mount Bulusan found?

SCOPE
DEFINITION OF TERMS RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

DM TRENDS IN RP NDCC SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

What is a Disaster?

Either a natural or man-made hazard which has come to fruition, resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the natural environment. Came from the Middle French desastre and that from Old Italian disastro meaning bad star.

What is a Hazard?

Refers to the potential occurrence, in a specific period of time and geographic area, of a natural phenomenon that may adversely affect human life, property or activity to the extent of causing a disaster

What is Vulnerability?

Structural or physical vulnerability is the extent to which a structure is likely to be damaged or disrupted by a hazard event. Human vulnerability is the relative lack of a person or community to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a hazard.

Establishing the connection

Hazards + Vulnerability = Disaster A natural hazard will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without vulnerability e.g. strong earthquakes in uninhabited areas.

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

RP is vulnerable to almost all types of

natural hazards because of its

Classification of a Disaster

Natural disasters is a consequence when a natural hazard affects humans and/or built environment. Human-made/Man-made disasters these are disasters caused by chemical or industrial accidents, environmental pollution, transport accidents and political unrest, since they are the direct result of human action

A more modern and social understanding of disasters, however, views this distinction as artificial since most disasters result from the actions or inaction of people and their corresponding political, social and economic structures.

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

The Philippine Archipelago occupies the western ring of the Pacific Ocean (Western Segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire), a most active part of the earth that is characterized by an ocean-encircling belt of active

Why does Philippines have many volcanoes?

The Philippines sits on a unique tectonic setting ideal to volcano formation. The archipelago is surrounded by subducting plates as manifested by the trenches that are related to volcano formation Volcanoes are classified as active, potentially active, or inactive

Classification of volcanoes

Active erupted within historical times (within the last 600 years), accounts of these eruptions were documented by man; erupted within the last 10,000 years based on analyses of datable materials. Potentially active morphologically younglooking but with no historical records of eruption. Inactive no record of eruptions

Earthquake

Also known as quake, tremor or temblor. Is the result of a sudden release of energy in the earths crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time

Earthquake

Device which records earthquake is a seismograph Moment magnitude is determined using the Richter scale with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly imperceptible and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale

Earthquake

An earthquakes point of initial rupture is called focus or hypocenter The point at ground level directly above the hypocenter is ____________.

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

As an archipelago with 7,107 islands, the threat of tsunami affecting the countrys coastal areas is not far-fetched.

Tsunami

Japanese term meaning harbor wave or tidal wave is a series of water waves (called tsunami wave train) caused by the displacement of a large volume of body water, usually an ocean, but can occur in large lakes. Some meteorological conditions, such as deep depressions that cause tropical cyclones, can generate a storm surge, or meteotsunami, which can raise tides several meters above normal levels

Tornado

Often referred to as twister is a violent, dangerous, rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and the cumulonimbus cloud, or in rare cases the base of a cumulus cloud. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but typically in form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust.

Disasters, whether natural or humanmade, affect everyone, especially the poor, children, women and elderly, who have the least capability to deal with disasters.

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Brgy. Guinsaugon, S. Leyte Feb. 17, 2006 Calapan City Dec. 2005 Pakistan Earthquake Oct. 2005

From 1994 to 2003, some 2.5 billion* people were affected by natural disasters alone worldwide, which is an increase of 60% over the past decade. More than 478,000* people were killed during this period.
Infanta, Quezon Nov. 2004 Tsunami Dec. 2004 Southern Leyte Dec. 2003

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Pakistan Earthquake Oct. 2005 Hurricane Katrina Aug. 2005

Floods and Earthquakes are the deadliest accounting for more than half of the casualties.
Bucayao River, Calapan City Dec. 2005 Luzon Earthquake Jul. 1990

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

For natural hazards, almost 38% of natural disasters occurs in ASIA; almost 60% of the worlds victims of natural disasters come from ASIA, and around the 50% of financial loss is also from ASIA.

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Emerging Global Concerns: Terrorism, Climate Change/Global Warming Avian Influenza

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Yearly, the country experiences an average of twenty (20) tropical cyclones a year, half of these are destructive, including other weather hazards such as thunderstorm, heavy rainfall, southeast and northwest monsoons, cold front and ITCZ; is a host to 300 volcanoes, twenty-two (22) of which are active, together with active faults and trenches that are potential sources of earthquakes.

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

The country has also its episodes of human-induced disasters such as urban fires, air & sea mishaps, and complex emergency, mostly in Southern Philippines because of the secessionist movement, coupled with its vulnerability to floods and other natural hazards.

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Between 1970 to 2005, the Philippines incurred an average annual direct damage of PHP 61 Billion due to disasters. This is equivalent to more than 0.5% of the national GDP per year. The indirect and secondary impacts of these disasters further increase this cost.

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

In 2004, the country experienced twenty-five (25) weather disturbances, four of these occurring successively in November and first week of December, which brought massive landslides and flooding in the towns of Real, Infanta and General Nakar, Quezon Province, Dingalan, Aurora and Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

On February 17, 2006, another landslide hit Southern Leyte that almost wiped out the entire 480 hectares in Brgy. Guinsaugon, one of the 16 villages of the town of St. Bernard, leaving in its wake 154 dead, 28 injured, 410 registered survivors and 968 still missing

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

The sinking of MT Solar I at Luzaran Point, Guimaras Island last August 11, 2006 has resulted in the spillage of 200,000 liters of industrial fuel oil, the largest oil spill in the country affecting 3 provinces and 38 municipalities with 3,357 families or 16,785 persons affected population

Typhoon, Hurricane & Tropical Cyclone

The terms "hurricane" and "typhoon" are regionally specific names for a strong "tropical cyclone". A tropical cyclone is the generic term for a non-frontal synoptic scale low-pressure system over tropical or subtropical waters with organized convection (i.e. thunderstorm activity) and definite cyclonic surface wind circulation.

Typhoon, Hurricane, Tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclones with maximum sustained surface winds of less than 17 m/s (34 kt, 39 mph) are called "tropical depressions" (This is not to be confused with the condition mid-latitude people get during a long, cold and grey winter wishing they could be closer to the equator ;-)). Once the tropical cyclone reaches winds of at least 17 m/s (34 kt, 39 mph) they are typically called a "tropical storm" and assigned a name.

Typhoon, Hurricane, Tropical cyclone

If winds reach 33 m/s (64 kt, 74 mph)), then they are called: "hurricane" (the North Atlantic Ocean, the Northeast Pacific Ocean east of the dateline, or the South Pacific Ocean east of 160E) "typhoon" (the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the dateline) "severe tropical cyclone" (the Southwest Pacific Ocean west of 160E or Southeast Indian Ocean east of 90E) "severe cyclonic storm" (the North Indian Ocean) "tropical cyclone" (the Southwest Indian Ocean)

Typhoon, Hurricane, Tropical cyclone

"Super-typhoon" is a term utilized by the U.S. Joint Typhoon Warning Center for typhoons that reach maximum sustained 1-minute surface winds of at least 65 m/s (130 kt, 150 mph). This is the equivalent of a strong Saffir-Simpson category 4 or category 5 hurricane in the Atlantic basin or a category 5 severe tropical cyclone in the Australian basin. "Major hurricane" is a term utilized by the National Hurricane Center for hurricanes that reach maximum sustained 1-minute surface winds of at least 50 m/s (96 kt, 111 mph). This is the equivalent of category 3, 4 and 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale. "Intense hurricane" is an unofficial term , but is often used in

Typhoon

The term Typhoon comes from the Standard Mandarin words ti and fng (Tifng) meaning great wind.

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Typhoon Milenyo last September 28, 2006 affected 9 regions; leaving 184 dead; 536 injured; 47 missing and more than P6.5 B cost of damage

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Typhoon Paeng last Oct. 30, 2006 affecting 4 regions in Luzon; 27 dead; 65 injured and 23 missing; P 615,449,792.83 cost of damage

RP DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Typhoon Reming last November 28, 2006 affected 3 regions; leaving 734 dead; 2,360 injured; 762 missing and P 5,448,609,476.00 cost of damage

PHILIPPINE TYPHOONS 2006

TY PAENG (CIMARRON) TY REMING TY MILENYO (DURIAN) (XANGSANE) TY SENIANG (UTOR)

ERUPTION OF MAYON & BULUSAN

sTY JUAN TS INDAY TY LUIS TS HENRY sTY ESTER TS KATRING TY FLORITA TY QUEENIE TS NENENG TY GLENDA TY MILENYO sTY CALOY sTY PAENG

TS DOMENG

sTY REMING

GUIMARAS OIL SPILL

TY SENIANG TD AGATON

GUINSAUGON LANDSLIDE

2006 TYPHOONS
SUMMARY OF EFFECTS
AFFECTED FAMILIES AFFECTED PERSONS DISPLACED FAMILIES DISPLACED PERSONS DEAD INJURED MISSING DAMAGED HOUSES DAMAGE TO AGRICULTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE

2.38 Million 11.193 Million .678 Million 3.398 Million 1,158 3,235 891 820,127 PhP 19.989 Billion

Question????
In the Philippines, the authority in monitoring weather conditions is the PAG-ASA. What does PAG-ASA stands for?

While the national and local governments are primarily responsible for disaster management, however, everybody is equally responsible to undertake disaster preparedness, mitigation, response and rehabilitation activities to prevent or reduce disaster risks and ensure ones survival and safety during emergency situations.

It is almost impossible to prevent the occurrence of natural disasters and their damages. However, it is possible to reduce the impact of disasters by adopting suitable disaster mitigation, disaster reduction and disaster management strategies

DM Trends in RP
< up to 70s
Disaster Response - Relief and Rehabilitation

DM Trends in RP
`80s
Disaster Preparedness & Response
- Measures taken prior, during & shortly after disaster event (relief & rehabilitation)

DM Trends in RP
`90s - 2000
Disaster Preparedness & Response Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)
- Disasters and Development

DM Trends in RP
to Present

2001

Disaster Preparedness & Response Disaster and Development Natural Disaster Risk Reduction
- Puts emphasis on actions taken in addressing disaster risks & vulnerability of communities to hazards.

DM Trends in RP
Why the need for a paradigm shift of our DM approaches and strategies from reactive to proactive
Human Actions Natural Hazards

Increase Decrease MAN

> Vulnerability
Natural Hazards

DISASTER

NATURE

ENVIRONMENT

What is Disaster Preparedness?

Process of ensuring that an organization (1) has complied with the preventive measures, (2) is in a state of readiness to contain the effects of a forecasted disastrous event to minimize loss of life, injury, and damage to property, (3) can provide rescue, relief, rehabilitation, and other services in the aftermath of the disaster, and (4) has the capability and resources to continue to sustain its essential functions without being overwhelmed by the demand placed on them. Preparedness for the first and immediate response is called emergency preparedness.

What is Emergency Management?

is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks. It is a discipline that involves preparing for disaster before it occurs, disaster response (e.g., emergency evacuation, quarantine, mass decontamination, etc.), and supporting, and rebuilding society after natural or human-made disasters have occurred. In general, any Emergency management is the continuous process by which all individuals, groups, and communities manage hazards in an effort to avoid or ameliorate the impact of disasters resulting from the hazards. Actions taken depend in part on perceptions of risk of those exposed. Effective emergency management relies on thorough integration of emergency plans at all levels of government and non-government involvement. Activities at each level (individual, group, community) affect the other levels.

Comprehensive Disaster Preparedness Strategy

1. Hazard, risk and vulnerability assessments 2. Response mechanisms and strategies 3. Preparedness plans 4. Coordination 5. Information management 6. Early warning systems 7. Resource mobilization 8. Public education, training, & rehearsals 9. Community-Based disaster preparedness

Be Red Cross Ready

Get a Kit Make a Plan Be Informed

The Philippine Disaster Management System

LEGAL AUTHORITY

PD 1566

June 11, 1978

STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER CONTROL CAPABILITY AND ESTABLISHING THE NATIONAL PROGRAM ON COMMUNITY DISASTER PREPAREDNESS.

PD 1566, Sec. 1 Declaration of Principles

RESPONSIBILITY FOR LEADERSHIP RESTS ON THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR, CITY MAYORS, AND MUNICIPAL MAYORS, (AND BARANGAY CHAIRMAN), EACH ACCORDING TO HIS AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY.

PD 1566, Sec. 1 Declaration of Principles

EACH POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUBDIVISION OF THE COUNTRY SHALL UTILIZE ALL AVAILABLE RESOURCES IN THE AREA BEFORE ASKING FOR ASSISTANCE FROM NEIGHBORING ENTITIES OR HIGHER AUTHORITY.

PD 1566, Sec. 1 Declaration of Principles

THE PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY RESTS ON THE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN THE AFFECTED AREAS IN COORDINATION WITH THE PEOPLE THEMSELVES.

PD 1566, Sec. 1 Declaration of Principles

SELF RELIANCE SHALL BE DEVELOPED BY PROMOTING AND ENCOURAGING THE SPIRIT OF SELF HELP AND MUTUAL ASSISTANCE AMONG THE LOCAL OFFICIALS AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS.

PD 1566, Sec. 1 Declaration of Principles

THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXISTS TO SUPPORT THE LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN TIMES OF EMERGENCIES AND ACCORDING TO THEIR LEVEL OF ASSIGNMENT, ALL NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN THE FIELD SHALL SUPPORT THE OPERATIONS OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT.

NATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL

HIGHEST POLICY MAKING, COORDINATING AND SUPERVISING BODY AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN THE COUNTRY.

NATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL

ADVISES THE PRESIDENT ON THE STATUS OF NATIONAL DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MANAGEMENT PLANS.

NATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL

IT RECOMMENDS TO THE PRESIDENT THE DECLARATION OF STATE OF CALAMITY AND THE RELEASE OF NATIONAL CALAMITY FUND.

THE NDCC MEMBERS

Secretary, National Defense - Chairman
Secretary, Int.& Local Government - Member Secretary, Public Works - Member Secretary, Health - Member Secretary, Social Welfare - Member Secretary, Agriculture - Member Secretary, Education - Member Secretary, Finance - Member Secretary, Labor & Employment -Member Secretary, Trade & Industry - Member Secretary, Trans. & Comm. - Member Secretary, Science & Tech. - Member Secretary, Budget - Member Secretary, Justice - Member Secretary, Natural Resources - Member Director, Phil. Info. Agency - Member Sec-Gen - Phil Natl Red Cross - Member Chief of Staff, AFP - Member

Administrator, Office of Civil Defense Member & Executive Officer

Secretary of the National Defense: Lt. Gen. Voltaire T. Gazmin AFP Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Ricardo A. David OCD Administrator Maj. Gen. Melchor P. Rosales

OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE

The operating arm and secretariat of the National Disaster Coordinating Council.

OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE

Has the primary task of coordinating the activities and functions of various government agencies and instrumentalities, private institutions and civic private institutions and civic organizations for the protection and preservation of life and property during emergencies.

PGMA

ALL DCC LEVELS

DECISION DAMAGE & NEEDS ASSESSMENT SEARCH & RESCUE EMPLOYMENT FIRE SUPPRESSION EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE EVACUATION & RELIEF

SND

OCD

ASSESSMENT

CONTROL

GEOPHYSICAL

PHIVOLCS PAGASA AFP DOH PNP DA

SURVEILLANCE FEEDBACK/ PLANS

VOLUNTEER GROUPS & AUXILLIARIES

HYDROMETEOROLOGICA L TERRORISM

EPIDEMICS

CIVIL DISTURBANCE

INFESTATION

DCC-DCG INTEROPERABILITY
NATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL
REGIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL PROVINCIAL DCC CITY/MUNICIPAL DCC BARANGAY DCC

OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE-NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTER (OCD-NDMC)

DISASTER CONTROL GROUP

DANA PICE ASEP LGUs DSWD DA DOH DPWH OCD CSSR Teams LGUs

SAR

EMS

FIRE SUPPRESSION MFR Teams LGUs BFP

RELIEF & EVACUATION DOH DepEd LGUs DSWD PNRC AFP

AFP PCG

BFP DOH PNRC

LGUs

PRIVATE AUXILIARY RESPONSE GROUPS/ VOLUNTEERS

NDCC COMPREHENSIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK PREPAREDNESS MITIGATION

MITIGATION

REHABILITATION

RESPONSE

vulnerability reduced/capacity enhanced reduce risk & vulnerability hazard/risk/ vulnerability/ capacity ID & analysis mostly back to normal healing, repair, reconstruction & recovery
Livelihood

EWS, Plans, arrangements (org, SOPs, ICS), training & exercises

Mitigation

Preparedness
disaster/ emergency DANA RELIEF

pre event post event

Rehabilitation

Response

SAR ICS EMS EVAC situation stabilized no longer direct threat to life/safety and property

Housing

MITIGATION Measures taken in advance of a disaster aimed at reducing its impact on society and environment
HAZARD/RISK IDENTIFICATION & ASSESSMENT - develop, update and disseminate hazard maps and related information to decision-makers, general public and communities at risk. ENFORCEMENT - of zoning, land-use and Building & Fire Codes. INTEGRATING/MAINSTREAMING - disaster risk management in comprehensive land use and development plans, construction permits, design approvals, etc.

DEVELOPING EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS

- that are people-centered, timely and understandable to those at risk

PREPAREDNESS Measures taken to prepare people to react appropriately during and following such events
PLANNING - DM Plans, contingency plans, SOPs, ICS, mutual aid arrangements ADVOCACY - information dissemination thru mass media, enhancing peoples awareness thru conduct of DM fora/briefing, observance of disaster consciousness month, etc. EDUCATION & TRAINING - of local officials, deputized coordinators, auxiliaries, volunteers, conduct of drills & exercises, CBDRM - educating the private sector and public on simple mitigation measures to reduce loss and injury. RESOURCES - 5 Ms manpower, materials, methods, machine & money

RESPONSE Measures taken immediately prior to, and following an emergency. Such measures are directed towards saving life, protecting property, and dealing with the immediate damage caused by the disaster.

EARLY WARNING
- timely and rapid dissemination of warnings to threatened communities/populations

NOTIFICATION

- mobilization of response teams, activation of SOPs, DOCs & ICS.

THE GOLDEN HOUR PRINCIPLE

- the time within which lives could be saved and injuries minimized

INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM

- on-scene management of disaster operations activities

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE RESPONSE OPERATION IN CONSEQUENCE MANAGEMENT

COMMAND AND CONTROL SECURITY

DAMAGE AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT

SEARCH AND RESCUE

FIRE SUPPRESSION

EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES

EVACUATION AND RELIEF

VOLUNTEER RESPONSE GROUPS / AUXILLIARIES

NATURAL DISASTERS

RESPONSE
Emergency Response Operations (Consequence Management)

HUMAN-MADE DISASTERS
Unintentional Intentional

RESPONSE

Emergency Response Operations (Consequence Management)

Neutralization of Terrorists in the Incident Area

REHABILITATION Measures taken to restore affected communities/areas to their proper or normal level of functioning or actual condition prior to the occurrence of the disaster or calamity

FOR THE SHORT TERM

- restoring necessary lifeline systems (e.g. power, communication, water & sewage, transportation, etc) - providing for basic human needs (food, clothing, shelter) - monitoring law and order providing CISD, etc.

FOR THE LONG TERM

- restoring economic activity - rebuilding community facilities and housing

CALAMITY AREA DECLARATION

Why the need for State of Calamity Area Declaration?

To facilitate relief and rehabilitation efforts in calamity-affected areas To control prices and prevent hoarding of basic commodities To carry out remedial measures in the affected areas such as grant of calamity loans to disaster victims, moratorium in the payment of taxes and release of funds from the national and local governments.

Who may declare a State of Calamity?

President of the

Republic of the Philippines

Local Government

Units through the Local Sanggunian upon the recommendation of the local DCC

CRITERIA IN DECLARING STATE OF CALAMITY

Memo Order No4,

dtd 04Mar98

At least 20% of the population are affected & in need of emergency assistance or those dwelling units have been destroyed A great number or at least 40% of the means of livelihood such as bancas, fishing boats, vehicles and the like are destroyed

Memo Order No4,

dtd 04Mar98

Major roads and bridges are destroyed and impassable for at least a week, thus disrupting the flow of transport and commerce Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, poultry and livestock, and other agricultural products, and

Epidemics

Disaster Risk Management

Disaster management can be defined as the effective organization, direction and utilization of available counter-disaster resources The modern view is that there must be pre-disaster mitigation measures to avoid or reduce impact of disasters. Pre-disaster measures to prevent or mitigate disasters are called Risk Management

Risk Management Process

Risk Identification 2. Risk Reduction 3. Risk Transfer

1.

Question????
Upon the assumption of Pnoy as President, NDCC had its new name. What is the new name of NDCC?

By managing risk, we may prevent disasters. HOW?

Reduce Vulnerabilities Understand behavior of hazards Reduce Vulnerabilities Reduce the possibility for exposure Increase / Improve Readiness (Capacity, Capability, Efficiency, Effectiveness) Mitigate the impact of hazards

All disasters are emergencies Not all emergencies are necessary to be converted to disasters A paradigm shift has been observed in disaster risk management in the recent past. It has started with provision of humanitarian aid. Now it has grown in to a discipline where many inputs are required by different professionals. It encompasses techniques for hazard assessment , Risk reduction, prevention and early warning, social and economic interventions, support from health workers engineers, information scientists and land users planners etc. and policy markers and political authorities. All of them have to contribute to total risk management process.

Thank you