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Chapter 6
Biodiversity - Defined
Speciation Extinction = Biodiversity
Raw genetic material for further evolution
Succession
Highest diversity occurs when there is enough disturbance to prevent the dominant competitors from taking over, but not so much that the community is unable to develop.
Rate = 80 million new people/year + New York City every month + Germany every year + United States every 3.7 years
Agriculture
Industry
Recreation
Everything
Rainforests
Desert
Open Season On Wetlands Destruction Begins Menards filling wetlands for new store
In Puget Sound, we have lost 70% of our estuaries to farms and development
Over 800 miles of Puget Sound shoreline has been armed with bulkheads.
Importance of Biodiversity
Intrinsic value right to exist, to have evolved means they have important roles Instrumental value because of their use to us Existence value knowing it exists Aesthetic value wildlife viewing Bequest value willing to pay for its existence
US Public Lands
Trade-Offs
Advantages
Disadvantages
Helps meet countrys timber needs Cut areas grow back Keeps lumber and paper prices down Provides jobs in nearby communities Promotes economic growth in nearby communities
Provides only 4% of timber needs Ample private forest land to meet timber needs Has little effect on timber and paper prices Damages nearby rivers and fisheries Recreation in national forests provides more local jobs and income for local communities than logging Decreases recreational opportunities
Advantages Higher timber yields Maximum economic return in shortest time Can reforest with genetically improved fast-growing trees
Sustainable Forestry
Several methods can be used to sustain harvests and maintain biodiversity
Longer rotations will provide a more stable ecosystem and greater biodiversity
Logging roads like this one have dozens of ditches, culverts and other conduits that dump pollution from clear cut and herbicide-sprayed hillsides directly into streams and rivers.
Recent efforts by the forest industry, the tribes and government agency scientists have worked to lessen the impacts of logging roads.
Rainforests harbor the greatest gene pool in the world. The rainforest has nurtured this "pool" to become home for 170,000 of the world's 250,000 known plant species.
Rapid and increasing Loss of biodiversity Loss of resources (e.g., medicines) Contributes to global warming
Population growth Poverty Environmentally harmful government subsidies (encourage poor to colonize tropical forests) Debts owed to developed countries Low value of ecological services