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Alice Druzga

Introduction:

This assignment will analyse how and why the image of a mythological creature werewolf, has changes throughout the history form its very early stages until present. The sources will include: Ovid: Metamorphoses (1922) to gain the overall image of a werewolf in ancient Greece, followed by The Curse of the werewolf: fantasy, horror and the beast within (2006) to give key examples of werewolf tales in the history. Film Werewolf f London (1935 directed by Stuart Walker) to define iconic image of the werewolf, and Stephenie Meyers Twilight Saga (2005-2008) leading summary of the modern image of the werewolf and its behaviours.

"It seems that these people are conjurers: for both the Scythians and the Greeks who dwell in Scythia say that every Neurian once a year becomes a wolf for a few days, at the end of which time he is restored to his proper shape.- George Rawlinson (2009)

Never stray from the path, never eat a windfall apple and never trust a man whose eyebrows meet in the middle. The Company of Wolves, Neil Jordan (1984)

There is substantiating proof that people believe that there are werewolves within us. Recent discoveries have shown that some people suffer from a mental illness known as clinical lycanthropy, where the patient believes that he/she transforms into a werewolf (or any other animal for that matter- Arjun Kulkarni (2001)

Stephenie Meyer what makes her monsters so interesting is where they diverge from the monstrous norm. Most pre-Twilight vampires dont sparkle, and most pre-Twilight werewolves dont believe in eternal marriage. But Meyers do. Eric Jepson (2009)

Ovid (43 BC- AD 17/18) A Roman poet who wrote 15book catalogue Metamorphoses about the transformations in Greek and Roman mythology.
Fig1. Ovid

Stephenie Meyer (1973present) American Author known for her romance series Twilight about vampires and werewolves. She gained a worldwide recognition and sold over 100 million books in 2009.
Fig2. Stephenie Meyer

Fig3. Execution of Peter Stumpp

Peter Stumpp (died 1589) A German farmer, accused of being a serial killer and cannibal. Stumpp had one of the most lurid and famous werewolf trial in the history. He confessed that Devil gave him a power to metamorphose into a wolf.

Werewolf of London (1935) First werewolf film made, the monster looks became iconic. The film was the first Hollywood mainstream werewolf movie.

Gig4. Henry Hull as Wilfred Glendon transformed in a werewolf.

1550 BC - King Lycaon of Arcadia serves human flesh to the god Zeus and is transformed into a wolf for his crimes. The term 'Lycanthrope' is derived from this story. The Roman poet Ovid writes about this over 1500 years later 1541 - In Pavia, Italy, a farmer in the form of a wolf is said to have torn many men in the open country to pieces. After being captured, he assures his captors that the only difference between himself and a natural wolf, was that in a true wolf the hair grew outward, whilst in him it struck inward. In order to put this assertion to the proof, the magistrates cut off his arms and legs, and he dies from wounds. 1588 - The Werewolf of Auvergne is burned at the stake. She is discovered when a large wolf attacks a hunter, who escapes after cutting off the wolf's paw. Upon returning to his village, he produces the paw to show a friend, but is shocked to find it has transformed into the hand of a woman. Even more shocking is that the friend recognises his wife's wedding ring on the severed hand, and returnes home to find her hiding her bloody stump under her apron.

Fig5. Image by Verguli us Solis (15141562)

Fig6. Metamor phose (1849)

Fig8.

Fig9.

Fig7.

The Wolfman (2010) Based on the film of the same name from 1941. Classical example of a human that cant control his werewolf side.

Twilight Saga (2008- present) From a teenage romance novel. Modern view on a werewolf/ shape shifter. Person can control whenever he wants to transform, even in a day. He can control wolf instincts. The ability to transform is passed through generations, not by being bitten.

Harry Potter Series (20012011) Remus Lupin- only transforms upon the complete rising of the moon, can infect another human by biting in its transformed werewolf form. Its said in the book that the person transformed no longer remembers who he or she is, and would kill even their best friend given the opportunity.

The werewolves were present since 1550 BC. The examples in Greek mythology talk about Gods punishing human by transforming him into a wolf for his crimes.

There are examples in the history of serial killers, and cannibals who claimed of being possessed by a wolf.

Werewolf's image has changed throughout thousands of years becoming more human and civilized.

Modern view on the werewolf, and how it was changed from the historical examples to fit in needs of the writer of the teenage love novel.

Du Coudray, Chantal Bourgault (2006) The curse of the werewolf : fantasy, horror and the beast within. I. B. Tauris Ovid Translated: More, Brookes (1922)Metamorphosis: Book 1.Boston: Cornhill Publishing Co.

Eric W. Jepson (2009) Saturdays Werewolf: The doctrine that makes Stephenie Meyers Lycanthropes Golden Investigator. Sunstone Magazine, US

Stuart Walker (1935) Werewolf of London. Universal Pictures, US

Jackson, Nigel (1995) Compleat vampyre : the vampyre shaman, werewolves, witchery, & the dark mythology of the undead. Capall Bann

Illustrations:

Fig1.- Roman poet and Writer Ovid (1945) http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ni-Pe/Ovid.html#b Fig2.- Stephenie Meyer (2005) http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/bio.html Fig3.- Execution of Peter Stumpp (1589) http://www.elmar-lorey.de/ Fig4.- Werewolf of London (1935) http://mephistoscastle.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/werewolf-of-london-1935-importanceof.html Fig5.- Illustration by Vergilius Solis (1514- 1562) http://dl.id.au/?f=1 Fig6.- Metamorphose (1849) http://dl.id.au/?f=1 Fig7.- The Wolfman (2010) http://blog.timesunion.com/movies/the-wolfman-review/615/ Fig8.-Twilight Wolf (2009) http://twilightscoop.com/2009/06/the-new-moon-howler-worst-werewolf-ever/ Fig9.- Harry Potter Werewolf (2004) http://harrypotter.wikia.com/wiki/Werewolf

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