Algebra 1

Ch 2.5 – Multiplication of Real Numbers

Objective
 Students will multiply real numbers
Rules for Multiplying

 The rules for multiplying real numbers are:

 If the signs are the same the answer is positive
 If the signs are different the answer is negative.

 Let’s look at some examples…

Example #1 – Same Signs
 Multiply 3●3
In this instance both factors are positive so your answer will
be positive

3●3 = 9
Example #2 – Same Signs
 Multiply - 3 ● (- 5)
In this instance both factors are negative so your answer will
be positive

- 3 ● (- 5) = 15
Example #3 – Different Signs
 Multiply 5 ● (- 8)
In this instance the factors have different signs. The 5 is
positive and the 8 is negative – your answer will be negative

5 ● (- 8) = - 40
Example #4 – Different Signs
 Multiply -6 ● 3
In this instance the factors have different signs. The 6 is
negative and the 3 is positive – your answer will be negative

- 6 ● 3 = - 18
Comment
 Of course the examples that were used were
pretty simple and you could do the math in
your head…
 A strategy that you can use here to make you
life easy is to chunk the problem…that is
1. Multiply the numbers first
2. Then evaluate for the sign
 Let’s look at an example of what I mean…
Chunking
 Multiply - 10 ● 4
In this instance the factors have different signs.
1. Multiply 10 ● 4 first to get the total of 40
10 ● 4 = 40
2. Then evaluate for the signs – in this instance the signs are
different so your answer will be negative
- ● + = -
The solution to the problem is: -10 ● 4 = -
40
Comment
 Make no mistake about it…we will use this
concept throughout this course…
 It is expected that you master the rules of
multiplying real numbers…
 If the sign is wrong…the whole problem is
wrong….As a rule I do not give partial
credit…
Properties of Multiplication
 There are 5 properties of multiplication
 Commutative Property
 Associative Property
 Identity Property
 Property of Zero
 Property of Opposites
 You are probably already familiar with some of
these properties…However, in this lesson we will
give you the appropriate mathematical name for the
property and show you what it looks like…
 Let’s look at each one individually…
Commutative Property
 The commutative property states:
“ The order in which two numbers are
multiplied does not change the product”
This property can be expressed as follows:
Algebraically: a●b=b●a
Example: 3 ● (-2) = (-2) ● 3
-6 = -6
Associative Property
 The associative property states:
“ The way you group three numbers when
multiplying does not change the product”
This property can be expressed as follows:
Algebraically: (a ● b) ● c = a ● (b ● c)
Example: (-6 ● 2) ● 3 = -6 ● (2 ● 3)
-12 ● 3 = -6 ● 6
- 36 = - 36
Identity Property
 The identity property states:
“The product of a number and 1 is that
number”
This property can be expressed as follows:
Algebraically: a●1 =a
Example: - 4 ● 1 = -4
Property of Zero
 The property of zero states:
“The product of a number zero is zero”
This property can be expressed as follows:
Algebraically: a●0=0
Example: 5●0=0
Property of Opposites
 The property of opposites states:
“The product of a number and – 1 is the
opposite of the number”
This property can be expressed as follows:
Algebraically: a ● (-1) = -a
Example: -1 ● (-3) = 3
Using the rules of multiplication
 The purpose for reviewing the rules and properties
of multiplication is so that you know how to use
them when solving problems…
 When solving problems you will use the process that
we learned in an earlier lesson…
 That is…
 Write the problem
 Substitute
 Simplify
Example
 Evaluate the expression when x = -3
5(x – 4)

1. Write the problem 5(x – 4)

2. Substitute 5(-3 – 4)

3. Simplify 5(-7)
-35
Analysis
 In the previous example you should have
analyzed the problem first to know what to do
to solve it…
 Let’s take a look at what you were expected
to know…
 Analysis
 Evaluate the expression when x = -3
5(x – 4)
In this problem you were expected to know:
• To substitute -3 for x to get 5(-3 – 4)
• The order of operations tells you to evaluate the parenthesis first
• The rules for subtracting real numbers states that you add the opposite and
follow the rules for adding
• In this case, since the signs are the same you add and keep the signs
• After simplifying the parenthesis you were to multiply
• The rules for multiplying state that if the signs are different the answer is
negative
Comments
 As you can see in the previous example, solving the
problem involved more then the concepts that we
just reviewed…
 Often it is not explicitly stated what you need to
do…throughout this course you will be expected to
analyze problems and then solve them based upon
what you have learned…
 That is why I require that you show your work…so
that we can go back and problem solve when you
don’t get the correct solution…
Comments
 On the next couple of slides are some practice
problems…The answers are on the last slide…
 Do the practice and then check your answers…If
you do not get the same answer you must
question what you did…go back and problem
solve to find the error…
 If you cannot find the error bring your work to
me and I will help…
Your Turn
 Find the product
2. (-8)(3)
3. (20)(-65)
4. (-15) F
GJ3I
H5K
 Simplify the variable expression
7. (-3)(-y)
8. 5(-a)(-a)(-a)
Your Turn
 Evaluate the expression:
 -8x when x = 6
 3x2 when x = -2
 -4(|y – 12|) when y = 5
 -2x2 + 3x – 7 when x = 4
 9r3 – (- 2r) when r = 2
Your Turn Solutions
 -24 1. -48
 -1300 2. 12
 -9 3. -28
 3y 4. -27
 -5a3 5. 76
Summary
 A key tool in making learning effective is being
able to summarize what you learned in a lesson in
your own words…
 In this lesson we talked about multiplying real
numbers and the properties of multiplication…
Therefore, in your own words summarize this
lesson…be sure to include key concepts that the
lesson covered as well as any points that are still
not clear to you…
 I will give you credit for doing this lesson…please
see the next slide…
Credit
 I will add 25 points as an assignment grade for you working on
this lesson…
 To receive the full 25 points you must do the following:
 Have your name, date and period as well a lesson number
as a heading.
 Do each of the your turn problems showing all work
 Have a 1 paragraph summary of the lesson in your own
words
 Please be advised – I will not give any credit for work submitted:
 Without a complete heading
 Without showing work for the your turn problems
 Without a summary in your own words…