ENGINE PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

ENGINE
It is the main source of automobile power. It is sometimes called the automobile power plant assembly. It is considered a self-propelled mechanical device that can produce power by itself through conversion of chemical to heat to mechanical energies. Engine utilizes heat energy to produce power. Engines used on automobiles are called internal combustion engines

TWO CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES ACCORDING TO

FUEL USED

GASOLINE ENGINE
it uses gasoline engine as fuel. This fuel is highly inflammable. Fuel is mixed with air in the carburetor to make it in vaporize form before it is admitted to the engine cylinder where it is charged and later on burned at the combustion chamber by means of electric spark plug. Gasoline engine is a sparkplug ignition engine.

DIESEL ENGINE
It uses diesel fuel oil crude oil as fuel. This fuel is more viscous than gasoline. Fuel in atomized form is injected to the combustion chamber inside the engine by means of the injection pump and nozzle. There is no spark plug and electric spark needed to burn the injected fuel. Diesel engine is a sure of about 500 psi and a temperature of about 1000 F. Instead of a sparkplug, diesel engines are provided with pre-heaters called the glow plugs.

ENGINE PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

ACCORDING TO CYCLE OF OPERATION

1. 4 Stroke cycle engine This is were the complete cycle of operation requires four strokes of the piston. This means that the piston has move 4 times to complete one cycle composed of intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes. In this type of engine, one complete cycle requires 2 complete revolutions/rotations of the crankshafts.

THE 4 PISTONS STROKES

1. Intake Stroke This is the first stroke of piston. In here, the piston moves downward from top dead center leaving a partial vacuum above it in the combustion chamber and cylinder. The exhaust valve is closed while the intake valve is opened. Due to the difference in pressure vaporized air fuel mixture from the carburetor enters the cylinder through the open intake port.

2. Compression Stroke
after the piston reaches the bottom dead center and begins to move upward where the intake valve closes already and the exhaust valve is remaining closed, the vaporized air-fuel mixture that entered the cylinder is compressed.

Power stroke As the piston reaches top dead center with both valves remaining close, electric spark is produced at the spark plug, igniting the compressed air-fuel mixture which has already high pressure and temperature. This ignition creates further very high pressure in the combustion chamber because of the expansion of gases and forces the piston down the cylinder.
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4. Exhaust stroke when the piston has reached the bottom dead center and then moves upward again the exhaust valve opens. The upward movement of the piston forces the gases out of the combustion chamber through the exhaust port. The intake valve remains closed. When the piston reaches top dead center, the exhaust valve closes and another cycle is ready to begin.

PRESENTED BY:

MR. JOY M. TOLEDO Automotive/Driving Instructor