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MISS AIDA 1
Work
What does WORK mean to you?
Work done,
Examples:
Bullet shot out from pistol Helicopter flying at 120km/h
When either mass or velocity of moving body is increased, KE will also increase.
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Kinetic Energy =
KE = Units: [J]
1 2 1 2
x Mass x (Velocity)2
x m x v2 [kg] [ms-1]2
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Examples of KE
Find the KE of an empty van of mass 1000kg moving at 2m/s. KE of van at 2m/s = x 1000 x (2)2 = 2000 J = 2 kJ Find the KE of van when it is loaded with goods to give a total mass of 2000kg, and moving at 2m/s. KE of van at 2m/s = x 2000 x (2)2 = 4000 J = 4 kJ
Find KE of unloaded van when it speeds up to 4m/s. KE of van at 2m/s = x 1000 x (4)2 = 8000 J = 8 kJ
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From the formula, what can you infer about the change in KE when
Mass doubles KE doubles
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Examples of KE
A motorcycle accelerates at 2m/s2 from rest for 5s. Find the KE of motorcycle after 5s. Mass of motorcycle is 200 kg.
Velocity of motorcycle after 5s, a = (v-u) t v = 2(5) + 0 = 10m/s
Potential Energy
Potential energy is the energy possessed by an object as a result of its POSITION or CONDITION. Common kinds:
Gravitational PE
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Gravitational PE
Energy that can be possessed by an object due to its POSITION.
In Physics, ground level is normally assumed to be at ZERO GPE. Any object that is at ground level has ZERO GPE. If object is lifted a certain height above ground, its GPE has increased.
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Gravitational PE
Examples:
When a chair lifted from ground a distance of 1m You sitting on the 3rd storey of this building
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Gravitational PE
Can be calculated with:
ground level
Object on top of building, of mass, m Distance from ground, h
Ground, 0 GPE
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Examples of GPE
You lifted a set of books of mass 3kg, for 2m. What is the GPE gained by the books? Take g=10m/s2.
GPE = mgh = 3 10 2 = 60 J
of Energy
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Conservation of Energy
Energy of an object can be thought of as the sands in an hourglass!
Conservation of Energy
Note that energy CANNOT be created nor destroyed!
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Conservation of Energy
Conversion of energy is the term used to denote change in energy from one form to another. Eg.
Burning candle: Chemical Heat, Light Fuel: Chemical Heat KE Electricity Nuclear explosion: Nuclear Heat, light Spring: Elastic PE KE
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Conversion of Energy
For O-Levels, we are only concerned with:
KE GPE
And such situations are only found
Conversion of Energy
Eg. of KE PE Roller-coaster Falling object
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Find the GPE and KE of the durian when it is 5m above ground. Sum up both the GPE and KE and compare the value with above. What can you infer from the results?
GPE = 5 x 10 x 5 = 250J. s = vt, v = gt s = gt2, t = sqrt 3 v = 10(sqrt 3)
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KE = mv2 = (5)(10sqrt3)2 = 750J Sum of energies = 250 + 750 = 1000J Same as above => energy is conserved.
Power (P)
Power is defined as the rate at which work is done, or the amount of work done per second.
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Power (P)
POWER can be calculated by:
Power P
Work Done
Time Taken
=
=
W
t
[J] [s]
Units: [W]
Power (P)
Example: A 40kg boy climbs a vertical height of 3.5 m in 4 s a) Calculate the gain in gravitational potential energy of the boy. b) Determine the power generated by the boy [ take g= 9.8m/s2
a) Gravitational potential energy gain, Ep = mgh = 40 x 9.8 x 3.5 = 1372 J b) Power Generated, P = Ep / t =1372 / 4 =343 W
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Efficiency
The efficiency of a device is defined as the percentage of the energy input that is transformed into useful energy
Efficiency =
x 100%
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