Plant reproduction

IB Syllabus 9.3

Use the following to label the flower diagram below: Style, stamen, sepal, filament, peduncle, ovary, anther, receptacle, carpel, stigma, petal, ovule.

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Flower Diagram

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Structure and Function of the Flower Quiz #1

What is the male part of the flower called? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.

What is the main function of a flower? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.

What is the function of the carpel? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.

Give one example of a hermaphrodite flower ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.

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What is a Flower?
Plant

organ for sexual reproduction produce gametes (sex cells) are necessary for fertilisation to

Flowers

Flowers

occur

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Parts of the Flower

Peduncle: flower stalk Receptacle: part of stalk bearing the floral organs, at base of flower Sepal:leaflike structures at flower base, protects young flower bud Calyx: all the sepals together form the calyx Petal: located inside and above the sepals, often large and colourful, sometimes scented, sometimes producing nectar Stamen: male part of the flower, consist of the anther and filament, makes pollen grains Pollen: grains containing the male gametes Pistil/Carpel: female part of the flower, consist of the stigma, style and ovary Ovule: located in the ovaries, carry female gametes Staminate flower: flower bearing only male parts Pistillate/Carpellate flower: flower bearing only female sex parts Hermaphrodite flower: flower bearing both male and female sex parts

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Plant reproduction
Pollination

Delivery of pollen to the stigma of the flower Fusion of nuclei from the pollen grain and from ovule Zygote produced

Fertilization

Seed

dispersal

Transport of seed to spread them in the environment

Seed structure

Seed Germination: Emergence of Radicle through

Seed Coat Seeds lacking dormancy need: Water Warm Temperature
So if you want to store seeds what are the conditions? Dry Cold

Dormant seeds need more than moisture and warmth:

Dormancy is caused by: Thick Seed Coat Thin Seed Coat Insufficient Development Inhibitor: Abscisic Acid Inhibitor: Phenolics Is overcome by: Scarification Light
nick digest scrub fire freeze-thaw cycles

Example: Kentucky Coffee Tree Lettuce Orchids Most CT feral plants Cacti
plantphys.info/plants_human/lecppt/seedgerm.ppt

or

Dark

or

Pea

Soil Fungus Association Stratification > Vernalization

6 weeks at 4 C 20 C

Leaching by Repeated Rain

Capsella Seed: Seed Coat Endosperm

Embryo Shoot Apex Cotyledons - dicot Hypocotyl Radicle Root Apex

Micropyle
plantphys.info/plants_human/lecppt/seedgerm.ppt

Lettuce Seed Germination

shoot apex
r yd h s ysi ol

starch Seed Coat

sugar cotyledons dicot -amylase

tra nsl a tio n

RNA
grow th

Embryo
radicle apex

DNA

tra ns cri

pti on

phytochrome
photoreversibility 660 nm Pfr Pr 730 nm dark red and white light stimulate germination

water imbibition

photoactivation

plantphys.info/plants_human/lecppt/seedgerm.ppt