Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
A financial statement is a collection of data organised according to logical and consistent accounting procedures.
Balance Sheet Income Statement Statement of Cash Flows and a newer one -- Statement of Owner Equity
Date -- This is as of what date? (Snap Shot) Listing of all assets and all liabilities Balances at the bottom of form
Assets - Liabilities = Equity
XYZ Co As on 31.3.2011
Liabilities Current Liabilities - Accounts payable - Interest payable - Salary payable Long Term Liabilities Equity Assets Current assets - Cash - Inventories - Debtors Fixed assets Investments
Long Term
Scheduled originally to be paid in more than one year e.g. land debt, house payments
Current Liabilities
What you are scheduled to pay in the next 12 months Unpaid bills, accrued interest, property taxes Operating loans Principal payments on term debts to be made in the next 12 months
Equity
Preferred Stock (cumulative, Non cumulative, convertible, cumulative convertible) Common Stock or ordinary shares Contributed capital in excess of par Retained earning
Revenue reserve: from profit of normal business operations Capital reserve: Premium on issue of shares or gains on revaluation of assets
Debentures
Convertible Non convertible
4) Assemble the above into the format 5) Add up the assets 6) Add up the debts 7) Assets minus debts = net worth or equity
Assets Current
Liabilities Current
Retained Earnings
from profits earned and retained in business
Valuation Equity
Rupee of asset value that are created because the market value of term assets is greater than the book value
Calculated by: + Total assets @ Market Value basis - Total Liabilities inc. Contingent Liabilities - Retained Earnings (contributed Capital)
Measuring Earning
Accrual accounting: - Identify revenue - Matching the corresponding cost to revenue Revenue occurs when the earning process is complete and an exchange has taken place
Depreciation
It is a non cash charge used to match expenditure of creating asset with resulting revenue. Three estimate are required to calculate depreciation:
- Assets useful life - Its salvage value - Method of allocation (straight line, WDV)
Expense Recognition
Principle of associating cause and effect Principle of systematic and rational allocation (depreciation) Immediate recognition principle (selling and administrative expenses and all losses