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What is Perception?
The taking cognizance or being aware of a sensible or quasisensible object. In strict philosophical language (first brought into prominence by Reid): The action of the mind by which it refers its sensations to an external object as their cause. Distinguished from sensation, conception or imagination, and judgment or inference.
From the Oxford English Dictionary
What is apperception?
The action or fact of becoming conscious by subsequent reflection of a perception already experienced; any act or process by which the mind unites and assimilates a particular idea (esp. one newly presented) to a larger set or mass of ideas (already possessed), so as to comprehend it as part of the whole. From The Oxford English Dictionary
Apperception
A mode of perception that is predicated on repetition. What we see in image or in the world is determined by a perceptual pattern that precedes our engagement with this particular image or object in the world. What we see in it is something that we have been trainedby other images, other objectsto look for. Apperception is made possible by a limit; perception is open and unburdened by a concept or a limit.
Nietzsche on Truth
For that which is to count truth from this point onwards now becomes fixed, i.e. a way of designating things is invented which has the same validity and force everywhere, and the legislation of language also produces the first laws of truth, for the contrast between truth and lying comes into existence here for the first time: the liar uses the valid tokens of designationwordsto make the unreal appear real; he says, for example, I am rich, whereas the correct designation for this condition would be, precisely, poor.