LEADERSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Trait Theory
First systematic attempt to study leadership. It focused on identifying the innate qualities

and characteristics possessed by great social , political and military Leaders.

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Studies of leadership Traits and Characteristics

Stogdill (1948) Mann (1959) Intelligence Alertness Insight Responsibility Initiative Persistence Self confidence Sociability Intelligence Masculinity Adjustment Dominance Extroversion Conservatism Stogdill (1974) Achievement Persistence Insight Initiative Self confidence Cooperativeness Tolerance Influence Alliger (1986) Intelligence Masculinity Dominance Locke (1991) Drive Motivation Integrity Confidence Cognitive ability Task Knowledge

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Major Leadership traits

Intelligence

Self confidence
Determination Integrity Sociability

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

The working of Trait approach.

It focuses exclusively on leader and not on the

followers or the situation. It is the leader and his personality that are central to the leadership process Organizations can specify traits required for a particular role and then use personality assessment measures.

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Strengths of Trait Approach

It is built on the premise that leaders are different , and

their difference resides in the special traits they possess. Century of research to back up . Specifies the important role of various personality traits in the leadership process. Gives more deeper and more intricate understanding of how the leader and his/ her personality are related to the leadership process Bench marks for what we need to look for if we want to be leaders.

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Weakness
Failure to delimit a definite list of leadership

traits. Failed to take the influence of situation. Subjective determinations of the most important leadership traits

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Applications
People can gain insight into whether they

have certain traits deemed important for to leadership. Helps manager to develop deeper understanding of who they are and how they will affect others in the organization.

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

SKILLS APPROACH
Knowledge and abilities are needed for

effective leadership.

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Three Skill Approach

Technical skill Human Skill Conceptual skill

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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Three components of the skill approach

Individual Attributes General Cognitive abilities. Motivation. Personality.

Competencies Problem solving Skills. Social Judgment skills. Knowledge.

Leadership Out comes Effective Problem solving.

Performance.

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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The working of skill approach

It provides a structure for understanding the

nature of effective leadership.

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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Strengths
It is the first approach to conceptualize and

create a structure of leadership around skills. It is intuitively appealing. An expansive view of leadership.

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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Criticism
Includes many components it becomes

general. Does not explain how skills lead to effective leadership performance Includes individual attributes ,which are trait like

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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Style approach
Style approach emphasizes the behavior of

the leader. Leadership is composed of two types of Behaviors Task Behavior Relationship behavior

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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 Ohio state studies Michigan university studies Managerial Grid

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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Leadership Grid
Concern for Task Concern for people

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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The Leadership Grid

1,9 Country club Management 5,5

9,9
Team Management

Middle of the road Management 1,1 Impoverished Management

9,1
Authority Compliance Management High
Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Low

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Leadership Grid
Authority-Compliance (9,1) a) Heavy Emphasis on task and Job

requirements and less emphasis on people. b) People are tools for getting Job done c) Communication only for giving instructions d) The 9,1 Leader is often seen as controlling , demanding , hard driving and overpowering.
Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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Leadership Grid
Country club Management (1,9) a) A low concern for task coupled with high

concern for interpersonal relationship. b) 1,9 leaders stress the attitudes and feeling of people. c) They try to create a positive climate by being agreeable , eager to help ,comforting and uncontroversial.
Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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Leadership Grid
Impoverished Management ( 1,1) a) 1,1, style leader is not concerned with task

nor with people b) Uninvolved and withdrawn c) Leader is indifferent ,noncommital ,Apathetic

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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Leadership Grid
Middle of the road Management (5,5) a) 5,5 leaders are compromisers. b) Strike balance between taking people into

account and still emphasizing work requirements. c) Avoids conflict prefers middle ground

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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Leadership Grid
Team Management (9,9) a) 9,9 leader places a strong emphasis on both

Tasks and interpersonal relationship. b) Satisfies basic need in employees o be involved and committed to work c) Leader stimulates participation , acts determined , gets issues into open , makes priorities clear .
Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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Paternalism
Leader who uses both 1,9 and 9,1 styles but

does not integrate the two. Benevolent dictator , who acts graciously but does for the purpose of goal accomplishment.

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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Opportunism
Uses any combination of the basic five styles

for the purpose of personal advancement.

Sandeep Ramakant Sawant, PhD

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

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