MORAL EDUCATION

MPW 2153
1

CHAPTER 1: UNDERSTANDING MORALS

Ethics Definition Definition

Values

Morality

Morals

UNDERSTANDING MORALS Basic Concept Basic Concept Of Ethics Of Ethics

Akhlak

Normative Statement

Descriptive Statement

Contexts

Basic Concept Of Value

Functions

**Instrumental value Instrumental value *Intrinsic value *Intrinsic value

Forms

*Relative value *Relative value *Absolute value *Absolute value

*Subjective value *Subjective value *Objective value *Objective value

CONTENT 1.1 Definition of - Ethics - Morals - Morality - Akhlak 1.2 Statement - Normative - Descriptive

1.3 Basic Concept of Value 1.4 Types of Moral Value Compared - Instrumental and Intrinsic - Subjective and Objective - Relative and Absolute

Ethics

It is a moral principles that govern or influence a person behavior

According to William Lillie, (1957: 1-2) ethics is a science of the conduct of human beings living in societies which, also judge this conduct to be right or wrong.

Ethics Ethics
It is responsible determining a person action, whether good or bad.. Ethics -a guide in human life. medical ethics means a code applied by medical practitioner to organize and regulate the doctor-patient relationship.

Values Values

values is moral or professional standards of behaviour.

For example : Professional value such as knowledge, creativity, innovativeness etc.

Morals Morals

Moral is teaching, regulation group and resolution, oral or written about how the person should live and act so that it becomes a good person.

It concerned with the principles of: Right and wrong behaviour, Able to understand the differences between right and wrong, Teaching or illustrating right behaviour, Practical lesson that a story, an event or an experience teaches.

Morality Morality

It means principles concerning right and wrong or good and bad behaviour.

For example, baby who is the newborn or children at level before experiencing the process of learning, doesn't have the moral feeling. Similarly with the crazy person.

Literally, it means attitude, culture, and wealth. Akhlak Akhlak Technically, it means the condition of soul that will regulate the human beings.

Akhlak is also a study on how to clean up soul from bad morals and to equip the soul with good and respected morals. For example, student has to respect their lecturers

Basic Concept of Ethics

It means verifying the differences between facts and values apart from concerning the statements, which enlightened the value judgment on how a person should behave. It can be divided into : 1. Normative Statements 2. Descriptive Statements

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MORAL AND VALUES

MORAL VALUES -Something that relate the human values & -Family oriented, things you behaviour learned at home -Moral is universal, not written. I.e respect, -Not universal, different in tell truth different family -Cant change -Family values change acc. To time, place

-Comes from storyie. The Boy who cried -Not written, I.e. friends, go back wolf home

Basic Concept Basic Concept Of Ethics Of Ethics

Normative Statements Normative Statements

Descriptive Statements Descriptive Statements

*Normative Statements *Normative Statements

A type of statement that is either justifiable or unjustifiable values judgment. These may include true or false, good or bad, truth or lies, acceptable or unacceptable.

Example: 1. Incest is an immoral act. 2. A good person never involve in corruption 3.Abortion is immoral act

There is a normative stateme-direct effect towards behaviour.

Example: 1. We should help those in need. Therefore, we should be kind toward those in need. 2. Each individual have a right to ownership. Therefore we should not deprived of other person belongings without permission.

Normative statement in form of instruction or order.

Example: 1. Observe the schools regulation. 2. No parking. A fine RM 1000

**Descriptive Statement Descriptive Statement A type of statement which is free from any value judgment. Also known as Non-Normative Statement*, it was made on factual basis.

Example: 1. The fire is hot. 2. The color of car is red.

Basic Concept of Value Basic Concept of Value

Value is: belief and the confidence a person towards to the other person institution which obeys regulation, the choice and primary value of society. Value: -Principle of formation of attitude, -Perception of motivation, -Attitude that is shown by a person -Symbol to something to rely on a person whether positive or negative

Functions

Shows the direction to a person how he should behave towards others,

As a guide in conflicts resolution, and in making decision.

If Ahmad appreciates value loves

And appreciate life himself and others.

EXAMPLE

He will be encouraged to take care

For example : If Ahmad appreciates value loves the life, he will be encouraged take care and appreciate life itself and others.

Types of Moral Values Compared Types of Moral Values Compared

The term value is used in three different context :

Value as an attribute

Value in axiology context

Value as a measure

when it passes, you cannot chase it.

Value as an attribute.

Time is money Time cant be increased

Value as a measure of price or of marks assigned to something, example of quantity

Value as an attribute

the total marks (quantity) given to the officer by the head of department when the latter assessed your work performance

TYPES OF VALUES COMPARED

Instrumental (Extrinsic) Values -Quality received or rejected as instrumental to achieve certain objective. -Dependent on other value to achieve certain objective. Intrinsic Value -Quality received or rejected solely because it is good or bad without considering its effect. -Not dependent on other values to achieve certain objective.

EXTRINSIC VALUES
Example OF Extrinsic value: a) Bombing of Hiroshima to end the Second World War. b) Imposing the death penalty for drug traffickers to stamp out drug trafficking activities.

INTRINSIC VALUES
Example of Intrinsic value: A judge passes a death by hanging sentence on a person found guilty of trafficking drugs purely because it is obligatory for the judge to do so, according to the provision of the law, and not because the judge himself also wishes to stamp out the trafficking of drugs.

TYPES OF VALUES COMPARED

Subjective Values and Objective Values These values are used to show the relationship between values. Subjective Values -Quality accepted or rejected by someone who gives his views. -Accepted or rejected on the basis of an individuals opinion. Objective Value -Quality that may be valuable or not valuable but free from personal choice. -Accepted or rejected on the basis of a set of criteria agreed upon by all or a majority of people. [collective]

Example : The USAs desire to attack Iraq. Britain said that the US should attack Iraq for the sake of long-term peace in the world so that Iraq could not continue to produce weapons of mass destruction. France, on the other hand, said that the US should not attack Iraq because such an attack Iraq because such an attack would sacrifice the lives of many innocent people in Iraq.

Example : a) War is a horrible tragedy b) Child labour is a cruel practice which must be abolished.

TYPES OF VALUES COMPARED

Relative Values and Absolute Values. Relative Values Absolute Value
-Value the worth of which is not related to the customs of a certain society. -Generally accepted and tested or proven to be good or Example bad. -Constant at all times and in all places and in almost all norms of society.

-Value accepted or rejected by regulations in a society in order to achieve Example certain societal objective. -It is arbitrary, not perfect, and differs in other society. Can change with time.

Example (AbsoluteValue) Living as a legally married couple is a good practice.

Example (relative Value) -In Kuala Lumpur, a family can develop only through an official marriage of a couple -On the other hand, in California, a family can be formed without an official marriage.