MUSCLES OF THE BODY

NAMING MUSCLES
L.A.D.S.N.O.R Acronym Used for Naming Muscles.
L = Location = Based upon the bone that the muscle is located over. Ex. Frontalis muscle is located over the frontal bone. Ex. Temporalis muscle is located over the temple bone. A = Action = Based upon the movement that the muscle performs. Ex. Extensor Digitorum extends the fingers Ex. Erector spinae extends the back

D = Direction = Based on the direction in which the fibers run with respect to the midline of the body
Rectus the fibers run parallel to the midline. Oblique the fibers run on an angle to the midline. Transverse the fibers run perpendicular to the midline. Orbicular the fibers run in a circular pattern.

S = Shape= Based on the physical shape of the muscle.

Ex. The deltoid muscle is shaped like a triangle. Ex. The trapezius muscle is shaped like a trapezoid. Ex. The orbicularis oculi muscle is shaped like a circle.

N = Number= Based on the number of stationary bones that a muscle is attached to. The term for stationary is origin.
Biceps = 2 origins Triceps = 3 origins Quadriceps = 4 origins EX. Biceps Brachii, Biceps Femoris, Triceps Brachii

O = Origins and Insertions= Based on the attachment to stationary and un-stationary muscles to bone. One bone is more stable than the other. The more moveable bone is the insertion.
Ex. The sternocleidomastoid muscles attaches to the sternum, mastoid process, and clavicle

R= Relative size= If there is more than one muscle in a group, they are named based on size. longus = large, maximus = large, major = large, medius = middle, minimus = small, minor = small, Ex. The gluteus minimus is the smaller muscle
of the gluteal group. It is deep to the gluteus maximus.

MUSCLE MOVEMENT
1. Extension A movement that brings two bones farther away from one another.
EX. Straightening the arms in front of the chest.

2. Flexion A movement that brings two bones closer together

EX. Touching the chin to ones chest.

3. Abduction A movement that moves the appendages away from the body.
EX. Holding ones arms out to the side parallel to the ground

4. Adduction A movement that moves the appendages closer to the body.

EX. Bringing ones legs together as in standing at attention.

 5. Supination A movement where the palms of the hands are facing anteriorly or one is laying on their back and their belly is up. 6. Pronation A movement where the palms are facing posteriorly or one is laying on their belly with their back up. 7. Rotation A movement that moves a body from left to right making a 180 degree angle. 8. Circumduction A movement that moves a body part making a 360 degree angle. 9. Opposition Touching the thumb to the tip of every finger.

 10. Inversion A movement where the palms of the hands/soles of the feet are facing. 11. Eversion A movement where the palms of the hands/soles of the feet are facing opposite directions. 12. Dorsiflexion A movement where one points their toes to the sky. 13. Plantarflexion A movement where on points their toes down as if standing on the tips of them.

HERE THEY ARE; THE MUSCLES!

Facial Muscles 1. Frontalis Raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead. 2. Orbicularis Oculi Blinks, closes, squints, and winks the eye. 3. Orbicularis Oris Referred to as the kissing muscle. Puckers the lips. 4. Buccinator flattens the cheeks during whistling. Also holds food between the teeth when chewing.

5. Masseter Closes the lower jaw by raising the mandible. 6. Zygomaticus Raises the corners of the mouth as in smiling. 7. Mentalis Raises the lower lip 8. Temporalis Aids in closing the jaw with the masseter. Neck Muscles 1. Platysma lowers the corners of the mouth to make a frown 2. Sternocleidomastoid often called the prayer muscles. Lowers the head in a bowing position. Anterior Trunk Muscle1. Pectoralis Major. It adducts and flexes the arm.

2. Intercostal Muscles- These are located between the ribs. Aid in breathing by helping to raise and lower the rib cage. 3. Rectus Abdominis Flex the vertebral column, compress the abdominal organs during defecation, help during childbirth. 4. External obliques flex the vertebral column, and rotate the trunk. 5. Internal obliques flex the vertebral column, and rotate the trunk

Posterior Neck and Trunk Muscles 1. Trapezius Extends the head as in looking up at the sky. Also adducts and raises the scapula . 2. Infraspinatus Rotates the arm and stabelizes the shoulder 3. Latissima dorsi Extends and adducts the humerus. 4. Erector spinae Extends the back when standing or sitting up straight. Also supports the back when bending over to touch ones toes. 5. Deltoid Abducts the arm. Used when giving a shot less than 5 ml.

 Arm Muscles 1. Biceps brachii flexes and supinates the lower arm. When one makes a muscle this is the one that bulges in the upper arm. 2. Brachioradialis - works with the biceps in flexing the arm, and brings the arm from a prone or supine position to a neutral position 3. Triceps brachii Referred to as the boxer muscle. Extends the arm. Used when throwing a jab (straight punch). 4. Brachialis Works with the biceps in flexing the arm. 5. Flexor carpi radialis Flexes wrist and abducts hand. 6. Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexes wrist and adducts hand.

7. Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexes wrist and fingers. 8. Extensor carpi radialis Extends wrist and abducts hand. 9. Extensor digitorum Extends fingers and wrist.

Leg Muscles 1. Gluteus maximus Used to extend the hip when climbing stairs and when jumping. 2. Gluteus medius Stabalizes the pelvis when walking, and abducts the hip. Also used when giving intramuscular injections more than 5ml.

 3. Iliopsoas Keeps the upper body from falling backward when standing and flexes the hip. 4. Adductor muscles Press the thighs together. 5. Hamsptings Group Made up of the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus. Used by butchers to hang meat during the smoking process. Flex the knee, and extend the hip. 6. Sartorius Muscle used to cross the legs. 7. Quadriceps Group rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis. Powerfully extends the knee as in kicking.

 8. Tibialis anterior inverts and dorsiflexes the foot. 9. Extensor digitorum longus dorsiflexes the foot, and extends the toes. 10. Fibularis Group made up of the fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, and fibularis tertius. Plantar flexes, and everts the foot. 11. Gastrocnemius Often referred to as the ballarina muscle. It Plantar flexes the foot. (Allows one to stand on their tippy toes.) Also flexes the knee. 12. Soleus Plantar flexes the foot.