MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB

Chapter 12. Exploiting Channel State Information at the Transmitter Side

Contents

Channel Estimation on the Transmitter Side

Precoded OSTBC

Precoded Spatial-Multiplexing System

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12.1 Channel Estimation on the Transmitter Side

In general, a transmitter does not have direct access to its own channel state information. Therefore, some indirect means are required for the transmitter. In time division duplexing (TDD) system, we can exploit the channel reciprocity between opposite links (downlink and uplink). Based on the signal received from the opposite direction, it allows for indirect channel estimation. In frequency division duplexing (FDD) system, which usually does not have reciprocity between opposite directions, the transmitter relies on the channel feedback information from the receiver. In other words, CSI must be estimated at the receiver side and then, feedback to the transmitter side.

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12.1 Channel Estimation on the Transmitter Side 12.1.1 Using Channel Reciprocity
As long as the channel gains in both directions are highly correlated (i.e., reciprocal as shown in Figure 12.1), channel condition in one direction can be implicitly known from the other direction.

In TDD systems, forward and backward channels tend to be reciprocal. There exists a non-negligible difference in their transmission time. However, if the difference is small relative to the coherence time, the reciprocity can be a useful property to exploit.

In FDD systems, however, the two channels use different radio frequencies. Thus channel reciprocity does not hold.

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12.1 Channel Estimation on the Transmitter Side 12.1.2 CSI Feedback

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12.2 Precoded OSTBC

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12.2 Precoded OSTBC

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12.2 Precoded OSTBC

minimum

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12.2 Precoded OSTBC

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12.2 Precoded OSTBC

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12.2 Precoded OSTBC

1111

12.3 Precoded Spatial-Multiplexing System

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12.3 Precoded Spatial-Multiplexing System

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12.3 Precoded Spatial-Multiplexing System

The received signal y is given by

Other than ZF pre-equalization, MMSE pre-equalization can also be used. In this case, the weight matrix is given as

We note that the pre-equalization scheme on the transmitter side outperforms the receiver-side equalization. It is attributed to the fact that the receiver-side equalization suffers from noise enhancement in the course of equalization.

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12.3 Precoded Spatial-Multiplexing System

Figure 12.6 shows the performances of ZF/MMSE-based equalizations on the receiver side and MMSE-based pre-equalization with Equation (12.19). It is clear that pre-MMSE equalization outperforms the receiver-side equalization schemes.

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