SUBMITTED BYSWATI SINHA ROLL NO.

1028 BBA-3rd SEM

INTRODUCTION
Stress management is the need of the hour. However, hard

we try to go beyond a stress situation, life seems to find new ways of stressing us out and plaguing us with anxiety attacks. Moreover, in our anxiety, mind body exhaustion or our erring attitudes, we tend to overlook causes of stress and the conditions triggered by those. Stress can induce risky body-mind disorders. Immediate disorders such as dizzy spells, anxiety attacks, tension, sleeplessness and muscle cramps can all result in chronic health problems. They also affect our immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems and lead individuals to habitual addictions, which are interlinked with stress.

INTRODUCTION
Like stress reactions, relaxation responses and stress

management techniques are some of the bodys important built-in response systems. As a relaxation response the body tries to get back balance in its homeostasis. Some hormones released during the fight or flight situation prompt the body to replace the lost carbohydrates and fats, and restore the energy level.

WHAT IS STRESS MANAGEMENT

Stress can be defined as a state of physical

and mental tension caused by certain external or internal factors in a persons life.

In other words, stress is an adaptive response to an external situation that results in physical, psychological and behavioral deviations for organizational participants. The physical or psychological demands from the environment that cause stress are called stressors.

 The art of stress management is to keep yourself at a level of stimulation that is healthy and enjoyable. Life without stimulation would be incredibly dull and boring.
Life with too much stimulus becomes unpleasant and tiring, and may ultimately damage our health or well-being. Too much stress can seriously

interfere with our ability to perform effectively.

Classification of stress

Stress can be classified into two categoriesGeneral Specific General stress has two types- positive and negative stress. Positive stress: it is that stress which includes, or results in a positive change in shape, understanding, intensity of emotion and action. Negative stress: when the desired results are not achieved or an individual feels overwhelmed, enthusiasm and the sense of dejection and a general feeling of worthlessness. This is called negative stress.

 Specific stress has several sub types Physical stress Mental stress Emotional stress Professional stress Miscellaneous/environmental stress

Symptoms of stress
Physical symptoms: Palpitation, chest pain, general discomfort, sleeplessness feeling

of fatigue Indigestion, constipation Allergy, asthmatic problems, respiratory difficulties Backache, headache, neck pain, thyroid problem, muscle pain Sexual problems Obesity, arthritis, hypertension, strokes Mental symptoms: Lack of concentration Communication problem Depression Hallucination

Emotional symptoms: Prone to anger and violence Easily irritated, panicky Feeling lonely and useless Guilty, ashamed, anxious Suffering from phobias, distrustful Too much of artificial laughter
Behavior symptoms Excess smoking or drinking Erratic sleeping time Poor time management Aggressive behavior, lethargic kleptomania

Causes and effects of stress in the workplace

Stress is caused by many different factors. However, we are

concerned mostly with job related stress. What causes stress in work settings? Occupational demands Conflict between work and non work Role ambiguity: stress from uncertainty Over and under load Responsibility for others: a heavy burden

Major effects of organizational stress

Stress and task performance Stress as a source of desk rage Burnout: stress and psychological adjustment Stress and health: the silent killer

When an individual experiences stress

An individual experiencing stress depends on: Perception Past experience Social support Individual differences

 PERCEPTION: refers to a psychological process

whereby a person selects and organizes stimuli into a concept of reality. PAST EXPERIENCE: whether a person experience stress depends on his or past experience with a similar stressor. SOCIAL SUPPORT: the presence or absence of other people influences how individuals in the workplace experiences stress and respond to stressors. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES: differences in motivation ,attitudes, personality, and abilities also

who is more stressed: men or women

A few years ago, a comprehensive survey was conducted to

address this question by comparing the stressors faced by them at the workplace. some 900 employees representing 28 different companies were surveyed. Stress was measured by way of a sophisticated questionnaire that assessed various causes and effects of stress.

First, compared to men, women reported facing significantly

greater amounts of many different sources. They encountered more changes and greater pressure to perform well on the job. However, women did a better job than men of coping with the stressors they faced by taking care of themselves. The triggers of stress reactions in women are different from men. women show more symptoms of physical stress if the jobs

 The triggers of stress reactions in women are different from

men. women show more symptoms of physical stress if the jobs they face are chaotic or demanding. For men, however, symptoms of stress are more likely to result when they face ambiguous demands about what to do or when they work in a highly competitive atmosphere.

These findings call attention to the importance of taking

steps to alleviate the stressors faced by women in the workplace. Although, men face many of the same stressors, women are more inclined to suffer problems. Because of them, suggesting the importance of including women in corporate stress management programs.

How to reduce, prevent and cope with stress

There are many ways to reduce stress.

Unhealthy ways of coping with stress: Smoking and drinking too much Zoning out for hours in front of the TV or computer Withdrawing from friends, family and activities Using pills or drugs to relax Sleeping too much Procrastinating

Dealing with stressful situations: the four As: Change the situation: change the reaction: Avoid the stressor adapt to the stressor Alter the stressor accept the stressor

 An article was published by David B. Posen, MD of The

Canadian Journal of Continuing Medical Education.

Ten ways of reducing stress:

Decrease or discontinue caffeine Regular exercise Relaxation/meditation Sleep Time-outs and leisure Realistic expectations Reframing Belief Ventilation humor

Appendix

Literature survey
A booklet was written by Scott Brunero, CNC, Liaison

Mental Health Nursing, prince of Wales hospital, Sydney.

According to them, defining stress is much like defining

happiness. Everyone knows what it is, but no one can agree on a definition. Essentially, stress is the emotional and physical and response we experience when we perceive an imbalance between demands placed on us and our resources at a time when coping is important. What it means is that we experience stress whenever we are faced with an event or situation.

 According to K. ASWATHAPPA, stress is an adaptive

response to an external situation that results in physical, psychological and behavioral deviations for organizational participants. Stress can manifest itself in both a positive way and a negative way.

According to MEENA NANDA, stress is a mind borne

discomfort that infects us through our thought process and sense organs. But the point is why we allow stress to infect us? We allow stress to infect us because of the following reasons; We are lonely in the crowd We dont trust life We are non co-operative

Bibliography
Books referred:

Organizational behavior: K.ASWATHAPPA OB: Jerald Greenberg & Robert A. Baron A handbook on stress management: Meena Nanda Principles and practices of stress management: Robert L. Wool folk Stress management: a comprehensive handbook of techniques and strategies: Jonathan C. Smith.
Websites used: www.google.com www.wikipedia.com

THANKYOU