Mobile and Wireless Networks in Perspective

Sonia Heemstra de Groot University of Twente

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Outline
Mobile computing and its applications Growing role of mobile networks State-of-the-art and future expectations Specific issues and problems Wireless and mobile technologies Final remarks

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Data Anytime, Anywhere

19 99 M. Sa tya nara yana n

nsf cinci nna ti w orksho p jun e 199 9 - 4

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Applications of mobile and wireless networks

Telecommunications and personal communications Replacement of wired networks Business Emergency and disaster management Real-time control systems Internet access Vehicles Remote operation of appliances Location dependent services

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Variety of Mobile Terminal Capabilities

e.g., Phones, Smart phones, PDAs, Laptops, new strange
wearable devices
Display size and quality Processing power Memory Battery life Radio network interfaces (like radio modems)

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Strange Wearable Devices

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Role of wireless networking

Explosive growth of wireless and mobile users
worldwide mobile users market

1992
200,000 users

2000
200,000,000 users ( in Europe)

business markets

consumer markets

Multimedia devices are becoming portable and personal making wireless connections the natural choice In three to five years 20-50% of all Internet nodes will be wireless terminals
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Increasing number of wireless subscribers

Subscribers (in millions)
700 600 500 400 300

200
100 000 96 97 98 99 00 01 Calendar year

Source:Varshney, R. and Vetter, R., Mobile and Wireless Networks, Communications of the ACM, June 2000, p. 74.
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State-of-the-art
Mobile phones, portable PCs, PDAs, tablets Applications as wireless internet access - WAP - Web Clipping

WAP telephone Palm VII Handheld

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Upcoming technologies (1 to 3 years)

Using EDGE, GPRS, UMTS, Bluetooth, etc. Any-time access (IP-based, to be constantly on-line) Customization of services

3G terminals

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Near future (3 to 5 years)

Communication for every person, place and thing

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Near future (3 to 5 years)

Integration of high bandwidth and mobility

Advanced terminal Experimental portable transceiver (EU SAMBA project)

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Technical Challenges Wireless/Mobile with respect to the Wired and Fixed Networks
Limitations of the radio transmission Reliability and connectivity hazards Frequency allocation Security hazards Variety of terminal capabilities

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Cellular Networks
2nd generation
- GSM 900 (Global System for Mobile Communication), DCS 1800 (Digital Cellular System at 1800 MHz)

2+ generation
- HSCSD (High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data) - GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) - EDGE (Enhanced data rates for GSM Evolution)

3rd generation
- UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems), IMT 2000 integration of data and voice, data rates ranging from 140 kbps (outdoor) to 2 Mbps (indoor), support of high degree of mobility

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Emerging Mobile and Wireless Networks

Wireless LANs
- IEEE802.11, HIPERLAN1, IEEE802.11a/HIPERLAN2

MBS (Mobile Broadband Systems)

wireless ATM access, High data rates, from 20 up to 155 Mbps, limited support of mobility

Short range
- Bluetooth, IR (infrared), Home RF

Satellites
- Iridium - Teledisc LEO-based, 288 satellites, fibre-like connectivity, 64 Mbps downlink/ 2 Mbps uplink

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Other wireless and mobile systems

Cordless
DECT

Professional networks
TETRA

Broadcast systems
- DAB and DVB used for distribution of mass data in a cost-effective manner

Wireless local loops

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Wireless mobile systems

Mobility versus data rate
100

MBS
10 data rate Mbps

3G 21/2G

wired terminal

WLAN

2G
UMTS cordless

0.1

0.01 office building indoors

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GSM
stationary
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walking outdoors

vehicle

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Other issues for the support mobility

Support of network layer mobility
Mobile IP

Reliable data transport over wireless networks

TCP modifications

Middleware and agents

- to add new capabilities or improve performance - to hide effects of mobility, wireless networking, and extreme heterogeneity

overlay network to provide broad coverage

unification of several heterogeneous networks into a single logical network
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Challenging issues
Dealing with the proliferation of standards and use of different frequency bands Ubiquitous access to the network (wide coverage) Interoperability between various networks Powerful infrastructure:highly available/cost effective/scalable Provision of high bandwidth QoS support Security Small low-power low-weight mobile devices

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Final remarks
Mobile and wireless networks represent the next wave of networking But mobile and wireless networks bring many new challenges In the very near future they will compete with wired networks for applications with low to medium bandwidth requirements Will once wired networks become relics of the past ?
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