COMMUNITY ORAL HEALTH

INSTRUCTOR: MRS. SIEBERS RDH

By: Lindsey FGT and Anna Slea-Karkay

CHILDHOOD OBESITY

WHAT WE AIM TO CONVEY!

Objectives: Describe the problem of Childhood Obesity. What are the issues? How does this issue affects the individual? What they are at an increased risk for developing? What groups does it affect and why? We will: Describe articles that help broaden the scope of your knowledge regarding our issue. Describe one article that has specific relevance and scientific validity on our topic.

WHAT IS CHILDHOOD OBESITY?

Childhood obesity is a medical condition where excess body fat had accumulated to the extent that it negatively affects a child's health and/or wellbeing. How is it diagnosed? A child is considered obese if their BMI (Body Mass Index) is 30 or higher. An elevated BMI in any individual, especially children has the potential to cause very severe health issues. It can be further evaluated in terms of fat distribution, via the waist-to-hip ratio.

WHY IS IT A PROBLEM?
The WHO predicts obesity may soon replace more traditional public health concerns as the most significant cause of poor health. Examples: Under nutrition & infectious diseases.

FACTS OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY

Overweight children are much more likely to become overweight adults If both parents are overweight, a childs likelihood of being overweight is increased by 60-80%. The chance of an obese child growing into an obese adult is 70%! Between 16-33% of children and adolescents are obese. Its the easiest medical conditions to recognize but most difficult to treat The annual cost to society for obesity is estimated at nearly $100 billion

HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY

Over the past three decades: The childhood obesity rate has more than doubled in preschool children (2-5 yrs.) and adolescents (12-19 yrs.). It has more than tripled for children aged 6-11. It present, approximately nine million children over 6 years of age are considered obese

Also, trends in childhood and youth obesity mirror a similar profound increase over the same approximate period in U.S. adults as well as a concurrent rise internationally, in both developed and developing countries.

WHO DOES IT AFFECT?

The obesity epidemic affects boys and girls. It occurs in: All ages, races, and ethnic groups. Less educated people. Lower socioeconomic groups.

Obesity disproportionately affects certain minority youth populations.

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

NHANES found that African American and Mexican American adolescents ages 12-19 were more likely to be overweight, at 21 percent and 23 percent respectively, than nonHispanic White adolescents (14 percent).[4] In children 6-11 years old, 22 percent of Mexican American children were overweight, whereas 20 percent of African American children and 14 percent of non-Hispanic White children were overweight

WHY?

Kids are eating more empty calories than ever before. Forms of entertainment have drastically changed. Physical education budgets in many school districts have taken huge hits. Todays children spend much more time in cars than ever before. Obesity disproportionately affects certain minority youth populations

INTERESTING SNIPPETS!
The heaviest group of children is getting heavier whereas the leanest group of children is staying lean. -What this means is that among younger age groups of children 6-11, and to a lesser extent adolescents, the lower part of the BMI distribution appears to have changed little over time.

The March 2004 Journal of the American Medical Association found that a poor diet and physical inactivity soon could overtake tobacco as the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Some experts believe that if obesity among kids continues to increase at this rate the current generation could become the first in American history to live shorter lives than their parents.

RISK FACTORS; IMMEDIATE & LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS

Overweight children and adolescents are at an increased risk for health problems during their youth and as adults than other children and adolescents unaffected by obesity. EX: Cardiovascular diseases such as HBP, hypercholesterolemia, NIDDM. Children are more likely to become obese as adults, according to certain childhood obesity statistics and studies*

- For example, one study found that approximately 80% of children who were overweight at age 10-15 were obese adults at age 25. Another study found that 25% of obese adults were overweight as children. The latter study also found that if overweight begins before age 8, obesity in adulthood is likely to be more severe

RISK FACTORS; IMMEDIATE & LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS

Greater risk for bone and joint problems (osteoarthritis) CVA Sleep apnea Social and psychological problems (stigmatization and poor self-esteem) Several types of cancer. Including cancer of the breast, colon, endometrium, esophagus, kidney, pancreas, gall bladder, thyroid, ovary, cervix, and prostate, as well as multiple myeloma and Hodgkins lymphoma

THE IMMEDIATE ISSUES OF BEING OVERWEIGHT

Social discrimination (as reported by overweight children) Prevents them from exercising with other children Which leads to antisocial and depressive tendencies Lifetime psychological effects Possible suicide

PREVENTION

Healthy lifestyle habits: healthy eating and physical activity The dietary and physical activity behaviors of children and adolescents are influenced by many sectors of society: including families, communities, schools, child care settings, medical care providers, faith-based institutions, government agencies, the media, and the food and beverage industries and entertainment industries. Schools play a particularly critical role by establishing a safe and supportive environment with policies and practices that support healthy behaviors. Schools also provide opportunities for students to learn about and practice healthy eating and physical activity behaviors.

ARTICLE 1:OBESITY AS CHILD ABUSE?

Is severe childhood obesity a life-threatening form of abuse that justifies removing a child from his or her parents? As a doctor, if you believe that state action is a last resort, you try everything else first: education, home health services, a nutritionist going to the home, even money to buy more healthful food. Those in favor say: That if social workers don't step in and Temporarily remove morbidly obese kids from their parents children may die. For a small number of morbidly obese children, state intervention could be lifesaving. Removing children for nutritional neglect is fairly common, but the form of nutritional neglect is usually undernutrition -- children who are starving -- not overnutrition. Morbid obesity is just another form of malnutrition. It doesn't require new legislation or a change in the criteria for state intervention. Those against: it say it's an overreach of government power and that the unproven benefits don't justify the trauma of removal. It is emotionally traumatic to remove a child from a home State intervention doesn't have proven results

ARTICLE 2: NATIONAL CHILDHOOD OBESITY AWARENESS MONTH

A nation wide opportunity to focus attention on one of the most important health challenges America faces. Goals are to: Elevate the issue of childhood obesity Showcase positive transformations happening around the country Offer information to help anyone join the effort and be a part of the solution.

Five steps parents can take to cultivate a healthier lifestyle for their kids include: 1. Be a Healthy Role Model 2. Make Healthy Schools the Norm 3. Ask the Family Doctor Key Questions: 4. Instill Healthy Values in Kids: Keep it positive 5. Make a Commitment to Health

ARTICLE 3 :FAT WEIGHS HEAVY ON THE BRAIN FOR KIDS

New study shows obesity interferes with memory, thinking and reasoning Earlier studies had connected obesityrelated diseases to cognitive problems. Inside the brain, obesity may damage nerve channels.

THE PILOT STUDY/ CLINICAL PRACTICE

A HEALTHY WEIGHT INTERVENTION FOR CHILDREN IN A DENTAL SETTING

based on the concepts of motivational interviewing and is for children of all weights 139 children aged 6 to 13 years from two community dental clinics, who returned for two or three preventive dental office visits across 18 months a hygienist collected information about each childs obesity risk factors: food, physical activity, screen time and meal habits measured the childs height and weight and calculated the childs body mass index- (BMI-) for-age percentile the hygienist used this information to complete an individualized health report card with recommendations for healthy behavior modifications at the end of the visit, the child selected a healthy living goal for the next six months and recorded it on the health report card**

A PILOT STUDY CONTINUED

caregivers got a short questionnaire to answer during their childs second visit. focus groups were held for the dental care providers (to express their opinions about the HWI) childrens acceptance by their compliance with and enthusiasm for the HWI six-month visit: the hygienists were able to perform all of their duties for the dental office visits (incl. the HWI)* The results of a survey of the participating childrens caregivers were encouraging nearly all caregivers (95.5 %) reported that they made better food choices for their children to help them meet their goals**

A PILOT STUDY (CONTINUED)

this pilot study allowed to evaluate the extent to which children and caregivers adopted the hygienists recommendations and met the childrens healthy living goals the preliminary results showed that the HWI is feasible and can be well-accepted in a pediatric dental setting CONCLUSION preliminary findings show that an HWI is feasible and is acceptable in pediatric dental care settings caregivers and dental care providers considered it to be useful, and it was wellaccepted by the subjects providing healthy eating and lifestyle messages may lead to positive results for oral health and systemic health better food choices can reduce dental caries, and the prevention of obesityrelated systemic diseases, particularly diabetes, can help maintain oral health. the tools we developed in our pilot study (for example, the report card), along with those from other working groups, can be the basis of dental officebased preventive obesity interventions for children and adults.

SUPERSIZED?

IN CONCLUSION

Childhood obesity statistics worldwide are very alarming. Giving to the rise in "instant" technology, we can see, for the first time, how obesity is growing around the globe. The sedentary lifestyles of children in all developed countries are helping to raise the childhood obesity statistics to these alarming numbers. Its time to take action and get our children off their butts and into the active lives they need. Only then will these childhood obesity statistics go down back below where they were three decades ago.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jessica Pauline Ogilvie. "PRO/CON; Viewing obesity as child abuse; Morbidly obese kids face great risks. Is that a reason to take them from parents? " Los Angeles Times 29 Aug. 2011,Los Angeles Times, ProQuest. Web. 12 Sep. 2011. "Presidential Proclamation -- National Childhood Obesity Awareness Month. " White House Press Releases, Fact Sheets and Briefings / FIND 31 Aug. 2011: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 12 Sep. 2011. Nick Collins. "Obese children could be taken away from family [Edition 2]. " The Daily Telegraph 5 Sep. 2011, ProQuest Newsstand, ProQuest. Web. 12 Sep. 2011.

"Alliance for a Healthier Generation Celebrates National Childhood Obesity Awareness Month. " PR Newswire 6 September 2011 ProQuest Newsstand, ProQuest. Web. 12 Sep. 2011. http://jada.ada.org Am Dent Assoc, Vol 140, No 3, 313-316. 2009 American Dental Association CDC-http://printfu.org/cdc+childhood+obesity+statistics