CORRECTIVE

PREVENTIVE

RISK HAZARD

SAFETY

Identify Hazard Estimate the risk Develop control Strategy Implement Monitor Feedback
Managerial Skill

Visual Observation
Type Of Materials Talk to Workers Communication Skill Equipment Layout

Modeling System Vulnerability Graphical Representation of Risk through software Failure Tree Analysis

RISK MATRIX

Likelihood explains the probability of occurrence of

RISK.

Likelihood

Imapct explains the explains the extent of DAMAGE because of the RISK.

M
L L M
Impact
L=Low ; M = Medium ; H = High

Risk matrix helps to estimate

relationship between likelihood & damage. It helps to prioritize the risk management function. It also helps to understand the value (Economic, Human, Environment, etc) of the Risk.

Green = Less dangerous; Yellow = Dangerous;

Red = Most Dangerous

Fire is a spontaneous oxidation of combustible material which leads to the generation of heat, Light & other products of which CO or CO2 Can be one among them

What ??? Consequences Classification Control

Prevention

Chemical Process Spontaneous Oxidation Combustible material

Heat Light (Visual Component) Products

C O2

CO

Smoke

Stages of Fire
1
Fire Start 2 Chemical Reaction Pyrolysis Ignition Gasification Increase in Temperature Convection Consequences of FIRE: Dimensions of the room Degree of Occupancy 3 Flame Radiant Energy Light Thermal

Combustion

Smoke

Density of materials in terms of volume

Nature of materials Positions of doors & windows Other related factors

B D

A= Ignition

B= Development

C= Sustain

D=Decay

Control Of FIRE
Detection Cause of fire Method

FIRE Control is a complex integrated process

which involv primarily the following processes :

1. Detection 2. Control / Suspension 3. Task Evaluation

Efficient Detection System (EDS)

Minimum concentration of the signal requirements to produce a definite response in a receiving unit is called as Minimum Detection Limit
The Efficiency of fire control will solely be dependent upon how effectively the sensor system works, Transmission of information from one component to another in a rapid manner, activation of appropriate control measures, activation of alarms & visual signals & Minimizing the possible effectors of fire.

Smoke Heat Smell

Light
Radiant Energy Gases

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZAING RADIATION

External damage
Degree of Damage
Depends On

Dose
There is a Direct Relationship between Dose of Radiation & Degree of Damage

Exposure Level Exposure level refers to Duration & Frequency of Human beings to Nuclear Radiations

Studies have clearly indicated that there is a definite pattern of Vulnerability (Sensitivity) of biological tissue to radiations. Cells of Gastro Intestinal tract, Hematopoietic cells which undergo rapid proliferation & differentiation are highly susceptible (vulnerable) to nuclear radiations. This means these type of cells will have minimum threshold limit which can induce the damage. At the same time there are tissues which are resistant to radiations such as Nervous & Muscle tissues.

Types of Mechanical Injuries

What it is ?
Sources Management Bruises Laceration Cut

Puncture
Hematomas Crush
Hazard
Effect

Safety Health Environment

Bone

Mechanical Hazards are essentially caused due to machine, components of the machine, moving parts of the machine & any other source which can injure a person

Vibrations
In vibrations VWFS( Vibration white finger syndrome) is a typial sort of
damage caused by constantly handling vibrating devices/machine parts or objects which are a frequency of 5-150 Hz. The vibrations can be measured by accelerometer. This device measures the vibration as m/sec2 & the allowable or tolerant range is 6-25 m/sec2. In such cases long term exposure to Vibratingdevices/Environment/Machines must be avoided & there must be rotation of job responsibilities, So that disease conditions like VWFS are minimized. It is important to know that occurrence of such syndrome can lead to a permanent irreversible damage to the fingers & palms. The conditions can be reduced by appropriate Physiotherapy interventions.

Barotraumas
Barotraumas is a condition which involves damaged caused as a result of acute differential pressure differences that exists with respect to your body. The immediate symptoms are unexplained bleeding, pain localized to certain regions, Unconsciousness, etc.