GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE AURANGABAD Department Of Electronics And Telecommunication Engg.

Adv. Telematics Assignment

COMPARISION OF ATM Vs FRAME RELAY

Submitted by Vaibhav V. Kamble (ME10F13P007) M.E.(EC)P.T. SEM-IV(2011-12)

Wide area network and switching methods

Frame Relay
Frame Relay is a virtual circuit wide area network VCIs in Frame Relay are called DLCIs(Data Link Connection Identifier)

Frame Relay Features

Frame relay operates at a higher speed. It can easily be used instead of a mesh of T-1 or T-3 lines (1.544 Mbps or 44.376 Mbps) Frame relay operates just the physical and data link layers. It is good as a backbone to provide services to protocols that already have a network layer protocol, such as Internet It allows bursty data It allows a frame size of 9000 bytes accommodating all LAN frame sizes It is less expensive than other traditional WANs It has error detection at the data link layer only. There is no flow control pr error control X.25 Leased Lines Frame Relay

Frame Relay Layers

Frame relay operates only at the physical and data link layers

Frame Relay Frame

Congestion Control
Frame relay requires congestion control, because Frame Relay does not have a network layer No flow control at the data link layer Frame Relay allows the user to transmit bursty data
Congestion avoidance Two bits in the frame are used BECN(Backward Explicit Congestion Notification) FECN(Forward Explicit Congestion Notification) Discard eligibility(DE): Priority level of the frame for traffic control Discarding frame to avoid the congestion or collapsing

BECN

FECN

Four Cases of Congestion

ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM is the cell relay protocol designed by ATM forum and adopted by ITU-T ATM uses asynchronous TDM Cells are transmitted along virtual circuits Design Goals Large bandwidth and less susceptible to noise degradation Interface with existing systems without lowering their effectiveness Inexpensive implementation Support the existing telecommunications hierarchies Connection-oriented to ensure accurate and predictable delivery Many functions are hardware implementable

ATM Architecture
UNI: user-to-network interface NNI: network-to-network interface

Virtual Connection
Connection between two endpoints is accomplished through Transmission path (TP) Virtual path (VP) Virtual circuit (VC) A virtual connection is defined by a pair of numbers: VPI and VCI

ATM Layers

ATM Layer and Headers

Application Adaptation Layer (AAL)

Convert data from upper-layer into 48-byte data units for the ATM cells AAL1 constant bit rate (CBR) video and voice AAL2 variable bit rate (VBR) stream low-bit-rate traffic an shortframe traffic such as audio (ex: mobile phone) AAL3/4 connection-oriented/connectionless data AAL5 SEAL (Simple and Efficient Adaptation Layer) No sequencing and error control mechanisms

AAL1

AAL2

AAL3/4

AAL5

ATM LAN
ATM is mainly a wide-area network (WAN ATM); however, the technology can be adapted to local-area networks (ATM LANs). The high data rate of the technology has attracted the attention of designers who are looking for greater and greater speeds in LANs.

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