Presented to: Dr Usman Khalil Presented by: Amina Amir-ud-Din (101088001)

Because all of us, as Muslims and Muslimahs, play a

leadership role in one setting or another.

One of the well-known hadith of the Prophet (S.A.W.)

is:
Every one of you is a caretaker, and every caretaker is

responsible for what he is caretaker of.

 "It is He Who hath made you (His) agents,

inheritors of the earth: He hath raised you in ranks, some above others: that He may try you in the gifts He hath given you: for thy Lord is quick in punishment: yet He is indeed Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful" (Al-An'm 6: 165)

 A process by which the leader seeks the

voluntary participation of followers in an effort to reach organisational objectives. (Beekun & Badawi, 1999)
A social exchange process. No leader without

followers and no followers without a leader. Leader is the visionary of the organisation and must communicate the vision with clarity and conviction.

 Work as a catalyst, mentor, coach and a role

model. Do not force change. Let there be no compulsion in religion. (Baqarah2:256) If it had been the Lords will, they would have believed all whoa re on earth! Will you then compel mankind against their will to believe! (Younus, 10:99)

 Lead to achieve an objective and compete to be

ahead of others to seek the pleasure of Allah and success in hereafter. Why?
Thus, have We made of you an Ummat justly balanced,

that ye might be witnesses over the nations, and the Messenger a witness over yourselves; and We appointed the Qibla to which thou wast used, only to test those who followed the Messenger from those who would turn on their heels (From the Faith). Indeed it was (A change) momentous, except to those guided by Allah. And never would Allah Make your faith of no effect. For Allah is to all people Most surely full of kindness, Most Merciful. 2: 143 (Al-Baqara)

 Leadership (such as general principles, theories, and

practices) has been the subject of many studies over the past forty years in the Western countries (Stogdill, 1974; Bass, 1985; Bass, 1990; Bass & Avolio, 1994; Yukl, 1998).
Leadership roles have been reviewed, leadership traits

have been identified, various leadership theories have been examined, and the importance of leadership for the success of organizations has been studied and debated.

 The essence of leadership is offering oneself and ones

spirit (Deal & Bolman, 1995).

Leadership is so dependent on the spirit that the

essence of it will never be capsuled or codified. (Greenleaf, 1998, p. 122)

Sergiovanni (1996) believed that leadership fails

when people have overemphasized bureaucratic, psychological and technical-rational authority and have neglected professional and moral spiritual authority.

 There are only a few studies about the principles of

Islamic leadership, Islamic leadership theories, Islamic leaders traits, and the roles of Muslim leaders in Western literature.
Leadership in Islam is similar to leadership in the

West except in its religious, moral, and human roots. Religious and moral spirit (fear of God) dominated the government leadership under the Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) and the Four Caliphs.

 From an Islamic perspective, the Islamic roots of

leadership generally exist in the primary and secondary resources of the Shariah (Quran and the Traditions) in addition to the practices of the early Muslims. There is also a strand in Western leadership thought that stresses the importance of spirituality, religious values, and human relationships.

Islamic Leadership Principles are primarily derived from the following key sources: The Holy Quran The Holy Prophet The Wise Caliphs Pious Followers

 "There has come to you from Allah Light and a Plain

Book." (5.15)
Primary source of leadership and success principles.

Revealed by a Supreme author, Allah, its message has universal and eternal relevance.
A complete Code of Life which contains guidelines on

spiritual, social, economic and political aspects of human life. It is the last and complete edition of divine guidance and teaches the success and leadership principles which can guide life towards success and highest attainment.

 There are 6346 verses in the Quran which deal with

various aspects of human life and offer advice and guidance. In some of these verses lie key attributes and qualities which if acquired will make one successful in any human endeavour.
Faith, struggle, knowledge seeking, piety, charity,

decision making etc. and identical concepts which form the core of leadership principles are contained in this book. It is through the understanding and application of these principles that one can perfect his/her leadership and achieve mega results.


(They are) those who, if We establish them in the land, establish regular prayer and give regular charity, enjoin the right and forbid wrong: with Allah rests the end (and decision) of (all) affairs. Al-Qur'an, 022.041 (Al-Hajj )

 Is it they who would portion out the Mercy of

thy Lord? It is We Who portion out between them their livelihood in the life of this world: and We raise some of them above others in ranks, so that some may command work from others. But the Mercy of thy Lord is better than the (wealth) which they amass. Al-Qur'an, 043.032 (Az-Zukhruf)

 The Quran also bears divine testimony and states that

he is the best of leaders according to the following verse: "For you the life of the Prophet is a good model of behaviour" (33:21). It is thus through the study of Prophet Muhammads (S.A.W.) life, deeds, sayings and personal qualities that valuable leadership lessons can be derived. It is through the study of his life and biographical events derived from it that Islamic leadership models are formulated.

 The life, deeds and sayings of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W)

offer excellent leadership models which if put into practice produce excellent results on individual as well as organizational performance.
An

orphan boy who faced hardships and whose guardianship changed hands three times since birth to adulthood Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.) rose to be an undisputed leader of all times. He is a powerful role model that by following his example tremendous results can be achieved. This alone exemplifies his tremendous achievements because he totally practiced what he preached, and spent his life according to the divine Quranic teachings.

Behold! Everyone of you is a leader and you shall be asked about those you lead. Imam is a leader over the people and shall be asked about them; a man is a leader of the house and shall be asked about his household ; a woman is a leader over her children and she shall be asked about them.
(Bukhari and Muslim)

 Once Prophet (S.A.W.) said:

Each of you is a shepherd, and all of you are responsible for your flocks. (Saheeh Al-Bukhari, Saheeh Muslim) In yet another Hadith the Prophet (S.A.W.) said: When three persons go on a journey, let them put one of their number in command.

Prophet (S.A.W.) said the following regarding leadership in an Islamic Jamaah: Whosoever obeyed the leader, he obeyed me and whosoever disobeyed the leader, he disobeyed me. (Muslim) I order you of five things: to be with Al Jamaah, to listen (to the leaders), to obey (the leaders orders), Hijrah (migration) and Jihad . (Ahmad , Tirmizi)

If one dies and there is no ring of Bayah (pledge of allegiance) in his neck, he died in jahiliyyah ( that is out of Islam.). (Muslim).

Listening to and obeying ( the commands of the leader) is obligatory upon a Muslim whether he likes it or not as long as it is not in the disobedience of Allah (SWT).When a command is given in the disobedience of Allah (SWT), then there is no listening and no obedience. (Bukhari and Muslim)

 After the Holy Prophet, the first four Caliphs

regime was called Golden Age of Islam because total justice, prosperity, progress, development, and ideal leadership principles which characterized that era. The Caliphs were ideal leaders who guided their followers to the Right Path and discharged their duties as leaders in exemplary and extremely humane manner.

 Besides the wise Caliphs there are many more leaders and

people of great wisdom who practiced the Wisdom-based principles of Islam and followed the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). Jamaluddin Afghani, Salahuddin Ayubi, Jalaluddin Rumi, Dr Allama Iqbal, Dr Rafi-ud-Din, Dr Ghulam Jilani, Allama Shorai, and many more who shaped human history and achieved tremendous achievements are just a few examples.
Review

and analysis of their thinking, deeds and achievements will provide us with the timeless principles. By tapping into their knowledge and skills, attitude and behaviour critical advantages in life can be achieved.

 Power

is the ability to marshal the human, informational, and material resources to get something done. It encompasses both leadership and authority.

Types of Power

Bases Legitimate

Description The right to seek compliance by virtue of his/her position and/or delegated responsibilities. The ability to give recognition, promotion. Pay increases etc The use of force, including punishment, pay cuts, reprimands, etc. The control of information others need to do their work. Influence based on the leaders perceived knowledge and skills. The ability to stir willing and enthusiastic allegiance from his/her followers. The ability to get others to work by virtue of ones reputation.

Position

Reward Coercive Information Expert Referent Prestige or Reputational

Personal

 From an Islamic perspective of leadership, Muslim

leaders use both positional power (e.g. legitimate power, reward power, and coercive power) and personal power (expert and referent power) (Beekun & Badawi, 1999). Legitimate power in Islam is connected with a persons position in the organization, but Islam discourages Muslims from actively seeking positions of authority, because the candidates may seek the position for their own advancement and self-interests and not for the communitys interests.

 Narrated Abdur-Rahman Ibn Samura; the messenger

of Allah (S.A.W.) said to him,

Do not ask for a position of authority, for if you are

granted this position as a result of your asking for it, you will be left alone (without Allahs help to discharge the responsibilities involved in it), and if you are granted it without making any request for it, you will be helped (by Allah in the discharge of your duties). (Al-Bukhari, 1997, p. 164)

Servantleader

Leaders are servants of their followers. The servant-leader is servant first...it begins with the natural feelings that one wants to serve, to serve first. (Robert Greenleaf)

Guardian leader

To protect his community against tyranny and oppression, the leader must play the role of a guardian. To encourage Allah-consciousness and taqwa, and to promote justice.

AMANAH

Iman Islam ADL Taqwa Ihsan

BIRR

 And we made them

command and We good deeds, to establish regular prayers and to practice regular charity; and they constantly served Us (and Us only). (Anbiya,21:73)
And We appointed from among them leaders

A deep conviction coupled with patience is essential if a leader wants to challenge the status quo and reform society or an organisation. The source of a leaders leaders guiding (men)by Ourhis conviction in Allahs signs (yaqin) is faith in Allah or iman. sent them inspiration to do

giving guidance under Our command so long as they persevered with patience and continued to have faith in Our signs. (Sjdah, 32:24)

 Oneness of Allah (tawhid) and the prophethood of

Hazrat Muhammd (S.A.W.) An individual with strong iman will consider himself and all his possessions as belonging to Allah. Belief in the akhirah and in ones accountability for ones deeds. A leader firm with iman will not dodge responsibility for his actions. Will emphasise good deeds (amal salih)

 Etymologically, Arabic word SLM meaning peace and

submission Islam means the achievement of peace with Allah, with oneself and with the creation of Allah, through willing submission to Him. Iman is the seed and Islam is the fruition. (Maudoodi) A leader who practices Islam will submit his ego to Allah, and will never see himself as supreme.

This is the Book; in it is guidance sure without doubt to those who fear Allah (mutaqeen) who believe in the unseen, are steadfast in prayer and spend out of what We have provided for them, and who believe in the Revelation sent to you and sent before your time and Fear of Allah (in their hearts) have the assurance of the Hereafter. All encompassing, inner consciousnessfrom their duty of ones Lord and it is They are on (true) guidance toward Him andthese awareness of ones accountability the who will prosper. (Al-Baqarah 2:2-5

toward Him. Essence of taqwa lies in an attitude of heart and mind rather than an outward form. (Maudoodi) Taqwa restrains a Muslin leader or follower from behaving un-Islamically whether to community members, customers, suppliers or to anybody else.

 Love of Allah

Ihsan motivates the Muslim to work toward attaining

Allahs pleasure.
To worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you cannot

achieve this state of devotion, then you must consider that He is looking at you. (Abu Huraira)

1.

Adl or justice and equity

This principle must be followed by leaders and followers

alike.
Allah commands you to render back your trusts to those

to whom they are due; and when you judge between man and man that you judge with justice: verily how excellent is the teaching which He gives you! For Allah is He who hears and sees all things. (Al-Nisa, 4:58)

 This concept stresses the idea of responsibility toward

organisational stakeholders, and holds true whether those entrusting something to Muslims are themselves non-Muslims.
O you who believe! Betray not the trust of Allah and the

Messenger nor misappropriate knowingly things entrusted to you. (Anfaal, 8:27)

 Moral attributes of righteous leaders are that;

They act justly and do not allow personal feelings to

hinder justice They have iman They take care of those in need and do so in love for Allah They are steadfast in prayer and practice charity They observe all contracts They are patient in all adversity or personal suffering

 Struggle within oneself for self improvement

O you who believe! Bow down, prostrate yourselves and

adore your Lord, and do good that you may prosper. And strive in His cause as you ought to strive (with sincerity and under discipline): He has chosen you and has imposed no difficulties on you in religion; (Al Hajj, 22 75)
Get into the process of inner struggle or jihad toward

self-improvement Leaders following mujahadah continuously evaluate their intentions and actions.

 O you who believe! Fulfill (all) obligations. (Al-Maida,

5:1) The Prophet (S.A.W.) said:

The signs of hypocrite are three: whenever he speaks he

tells a lie; whenever he promises he breaks it (his promise); if you trust him, he proves to be dishonest (if you trust him with something, he will not return it.)

 Chapko and Buchko (2002) suggested that the

principal should hire wisely, share vision, give himself time to learn, communicate with parents, keep in touch with students, know his standards, enlist the community, be a team leader, and put students first.
Development in the Islamic theology and value

system requires school principals to take a serious look at the administrative style, curriculum development, governance, and method of teaching to make sure that what happens in the schools is in harmony with Islamic principles.

 A school principal needs to exert effort to know

and practice the principles of leadership in Islam and to be in coherent in practicing these principles in school in areas such as curriculum development, teachers supervision, school governance, and school leadership.
Islamic school leaders are needed not only to be

effective administrators, but also to foster Islamic faith, piety, and values in all they do.

 Taaluq Billah
Taqwah No desire

Shura 2. Justice and fairness in dealing with individuals and dispute solving 3. Freedom of thought
1.

 Know where your time goes

Focus on concrete results

Build on strengths and not weaknesses Concentrate on few major areas or priorities where

consistent hard work will produce results Put complete trust in Allah and be afraid of nothing.
Honesty Competence Visionary Straight-forward Inspiring Intelligent Fair-minded Imaginative

 One who comes to assembly unprepared, has done

no home work and says tell me what to do. One who has no alternative plans or strategy to discuss. One who is not willing to take any risks, is timid and is intimidated. One who wants to please everyone.

 Pride and arrogance Seek recognition Desire to seek leadership or other benefits Considering him perfect or better than others

This can lead to: a- discouragement of followers b-jealousy c- suspicion about others

d- backbiting
e- false accusation and reporting f- grouping.

Alienated followers
Independent, Critical thinking

Effective followers
(strategic group)

(dissident group)

survivors
Dependent, Critical thinking

Indifferent followers
Passive

Yes People
Active

 Mobilise, motivate and develop followers by following

a situational leadership model of coaching, mentoring, supportive style and delegating tasks. Directing their behaviours and channeling their skill set towards achievement of goals.
Effective followers:

practice Islam conscientiously delegate tasks according to ability are honest, trustworthy and brave committed to cause of the organisation do not waste resources (personal and organisational) critical in their thinking and strategic in their approach

 http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1985

/AJ.htm http://theislamicworkplace.com/2007/11/24/leadershiplessons-from-the-quran-the-story-of-dhul-qarnayn/ http://www.scribd.com/doc/16026292/Leadership-in-Islam http://www.nmnonline.net/caliphate200/S.Junaid_IslamiC onceptOfLeadership_ENGLISHversion_.pdf Lerdership: An Islamic Perspective, Beekun & Badawi, 1999 http://bintmushtaq.wordpress.com/2010/08/15/leadershiplessons-from-the-quran/

THANK YOU !!! QUESTIONS???