HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

PRESENTED BY: Maninder Kumar SECTION ME-3 ROLL NO.-2907447

Overview

Introduction Brief history Components Configurations of HEVs Advantages Advanced technologies Auto Expo 2012 Conclusion References

Hybrid Electric Vehicle

combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. i.e. it consists of an internal combustion engine (ICE) with one or more electric motors.

Hybrid Vehicle

uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle. Power sources for hybrid vehicles include fossil fuels, solar energy, wind energy, liquid nitrogen, hydrogen or compressed natural gas

History of HEVs

In 1899 Dr. Ferdinand Porsche ,an engineer of Jacob Lohner & Co. invented first Hybrid Electric Vehicle. The hybrid technology was mainly utilized in developing diesel-electric submarines. First modern hybrid electric car, the Toyota Prius , was introduced in Japan in 1997 In India, the first HEV was launched by Honda Motors Co. on June 18,2008.

COMPONENTS OF HEV

Components....

Power split device- Power split device is a gearbox

that hooks the gasoline engine, generator and electric motor together

Internal combustion engine - an engine in which

combustion of a fuel occurs with air in a combustion chamber. The expansion of high-temperature and high pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to piston or some component which start moving, transforming chemical energy of fuel into useful mechanical energy.

Working of HEVs
1. STARTING AND LOW SPEED
For the initial acceleration or low speed driving, electric motor uses the electricity from the battery to power the vehicle

2.High Speed
During heavy accelerating or when additional power is required, the gasoline engine and electric motor both are used to propel the vehicle

3.BRAKING
The energy from wheels turns the motor in the reverse direction, converting energy normally wasted during breaking into electricity, which get stored in battery.

STOPPED
Many hybrid vehicles conserve fuel by incorporating an automatic start shutoff system. When vehicle is stopped such as at red light, gasoline engine shut off automatically so that fuel is not wasted in idling.

Configurations
Series HEV

No mechanical connection between engine and wheels, only electrical motor drives the wheels series HEVs require smaller combustion engine but heavier battery packs than parallel vehicles.

Parallel HEV

Both engine and motor are directly connected to wheels Parallel hybrids are more efficient than series type because both the engine and motor can work independently or together.

Advantages

It is believed the over one-third of carbon emissions that are affecting our environment are produced by vehicles. Hybrid vehicles can reduce these carbon emissions by 50%. Greater fuel efficiency and better mileage because hybrids consume significantly less fuel than conventional vehicles Decrease our dependence on fossil fuels Lighter engines because HEV engines can be sized to accommodate average load, not peak load Though we are using an IC engine of about 30-40% efficiency, the motors and generators we use are about 70-85% efficient .This may bring the overall efficiency up to 50-70%.

TECHNOLOGIES

Regenerative Breaking

introduced by Erich Gaichen , German inventor in 1931 It is still being used in modern hybrid vehicles. This enhanced technology recaptures energy lost through braking and decelerating. This recaptured energy is stored in a battery pack as electricity.

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Batteries can also be recharged by using an external power source, such as a home electrical outlet They travel some distance usually 10-40 miles on electric motor. Then they run on engine . Even before the battery is depleted, the gasoline engine may be called on to provide additional power for recharging the battery, accelerating or passing. A PHEV 30, means the vehicle could travel 30 miles on all-electric mode. Batteries can recharge in just 3 hrs at 120V and 1.5 hrs at 240V.

Charger to be installed in a permanent location

Auto Expo 2012: Focus on hybrid vehicles

Peugeot ,French automobile manufacturer came to the Expo for the first time with its hybrid car 3008 Volvo showcased a hybrid bus for the inter-city transport segment Volkswagen showcased its XL1 diesel hybrid concept model at the event, which successfully attracted majority of spectators because of its stylish looks also Hero Moto Corp., revealed a hybrid scooter, called Lead

Current Models of HEVs

Toyota Prius Honda Civic Hybrid Toyota Camry Toyota Highlander Chevrolet Tahoe Volvo BMW Active Hybrid 7 Porsche Panamera S Hybrid

Buick Regal Hybrid Saturn Vue Hybrid Honda Accord Hybrid Nissan Ford Escape Ford Fusion GMC Silverado Lexus RX 450 H Mercedes

Conclusion

Hybrid electric vehicles are not the only option for moving towards the green technology, but it may well emerge as a serious candidate among the various options. Although basic technology has been developed great deal of research work is needed to bring them for commercialization. Research is being carried out for better batteries having low cost ,high energy densities and high life expectancy. Basic infrastructure for running these vehicles and Govt. support is also required. Its true that hybrid electric vehicles are expensive but its much smaller than the costs of global warming, climate change.

REFERENCES

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)- by Energy Efficiency And Renewable Energy,U.S. Department of Energy <http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/technologies/system s/hybrid_electric_vehicles.html> Vehicle System Analysis by National Renewable Energy Laboratory <http://www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/vsa/pubs_hevs.html> Introducing Hybrid Technologies by National Alternative Fuels Training Consortium headquartered at West Virginia eNews, <http://naftcenews.wvu.edu/naftc_enews/2005/07/05/introducinghybrid-technologies> why-we-need-hybrid-cars by Electro Velocity <http://electrovelocity.com/2010/06/25/why-we-need-hybrid-cars> How Hybrid Cars Work by Karim ,Nice and Julia Layton <http://www.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car.html> Hybrid Electric Vehicle Basics by Alternative Fuels And Advanced Vehicles Data Centre, U.S. Department Of Energy, <http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/vehicles/electricbasics_hev.html>