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What is NSI?
All important economic, social, political, organisational, institutional and other factors that influence the development diffusion and use of Innovation (Edquist, 2005: 182).
SI is comprised of Constituents (Edquist, 2005: 182): 1) Components 2) Relations among the components
Main Components of SI
Organisations: Formal structures that are consciously created and have an explicit purpose. They are players or actors (Edquist, 2005: 188). Example; universities, firms, venture capital organizations, public agencies. Institutions: Sets of common habits, norms, routines, established practices, rules, or laws that regulate the relations and interactions between individuals, groups, and organizations (Edquist, 2005: 188). Example; patent laws (Intellectual Property), rules and norms influencing the relation between the universities and firms.
Edquist (1997)
OECD (1997)
Activities in NSI
1. Provision of R&D, creating new knowledge, primarily in engineering, medicine and the natural sciences.
2. Competence building (provision of education and training, creation of human capital, production and reproduction of skills, individual learning) in the labour force to be used in innovation and R&D activities.
3. Formation of new product markets.
5. Creating and changing the organisations required for the development of new fields of innovation, for instance, enhancing entrepreneurship to create new firms and entrepreneurship to diversify existing firms, creating new research organisations, policy agencies, and so on.
8. Incubating activities - for instance, providing access to facilities, administrative support, and so on for new innovating efforts.
9. Financing of innovation processes and other activities that can facilitate the commercialisation of knowledge and its adoption.
10. Provision of consultancy services of relevance for innovation processes, for instance, technology transfer, commercial information, and legal advice.
Malaysian NSI?