Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
A brief study
AGENDA
1. WHAT IS HART 2. HOW HART WORKS 3. HART COMMUNICATIONS 4. HART DATA 5. CALIBRATION 6. BENEFITS OF USING HART 7. WIRELESS HART
WHAT IS HART
Hart is an acronym for Highway addressable remote transducers. HART is a bidirectional master-slave field communications protocol developed in the late 1980's to facilitate communication between intelligent field instruments and host systems by Rosemount Inc. Later it was developed into an open protocol It makes use of the Bell 202 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) standard to superimpose digital communication signals at a low level on top of the 420mA.
It communicates without interrupting the 4-20mA signal and allows a host application (master) to get two or more digital updates per second from a field device
MULTIDROP CONFIGURATION
The EEPROM stores fundamental hart parameters UART is used to convert between serial & parallel data
Network interface is a current regulator which implement the two current sources.
HART COMMUNICATIONS
The transmitting device begins by turning ON its carrier and loading the first byte to be transmitted into its UART. The UART converts each transmitted byte into a 11 bit serial character.
The serial character stream is applied to the Modulator of the sending modem. The Modulator operates such that a logic 1 applied to the input produces a 1200 Hz periodic signal at the Modulator output. A logic 0 produces 2200 Hz. After transmission of the first byte , the transmitter loads the next byte. And so on. After the last byte is serialized and transmitted the transmitter turns off the source.
HART COMMUNICATIONS
SIGNAL PATH:-
HART COMMUNICATIONS
PROTOCOL
Only one HART device can talk at a time. A Master typically sends a command and then expects a reply. A Slave waits for a command and then sends a reply. A Slave accesses the network as quickly as possible in response to a Master. The command and associated reply are called a transaction. There are typically periods of silence (nobody talking) between transactions.
Network access by Masters requires arbitration which is based on monitoring of network traffic and implementation of timers.
If two Masters are present and both are synchronized, then they will use the network alternately .
HART COMMUNICATIONS
Timer Description Master Wait Before Re-Using Network Primary Master Wait from Unsynched Secondary Master Wait from Unsynched Slave Max time to Respond Slave Time Between Bursts Symbol Value (character times) 8
RT2
RT1(0)
33
RT1(1)
41
TT0
28 8
BT
HART COMMUNICATIONS
A Slave (normally) has a unique address to distinguish it from other Slaves.
Length in Bytes
5 to 20 1 1 or 5 1 1 0 (if Master) 2 (if Slave) 0 to 253
Purpose Synchronization & Carrier Detect Synchronization & Shows Which Master Choose Slave, Indicate Which Master, and Indicate Burst Mode Tell Slave What to Do
Status
Data
Checksum
Error Control
3.
4. The Slave was told to do something outside of its capability (range number too large or small, for example). 5. The Slave is write-protected and was told to change a protected parameter. Commands are one of 3 types: Universal, Common Practice, and Device Specific (Proprietary).
Set Primary Variable Units Set Upper Range Set Lower Range Set Damping Value Set Message Set Tag Set Date Set Descriptor Perform Loop Test - Force loop current to specific value Initiate Self Test - Start device self test
HART ADVANTAGES
Key benefits of this unique open standard communication technology are: -4-20mA compatibility with simultaneous digital information available - Easy to use and understand -Low risk - highly accurate and robust -Cost-effective implementation for both users and suppliers -Available in a wide variety of device types - Supported by most industry device and systems suppliers -Fully interoperable and reliable
CALIBRATION
TRANSDUCER BLOCK:- Generates the actual digital signal representation of the process parameter.
ZERO & SPANNING BLOCK:- The upper and lower range values are used to produce the transducer value from above to correspond to a 4mA signal for the lower range and a 20mA signal for the upper range in the % form. In addition an appropriate transfer function (e.g., linear, square root, quadratic, cubic spline, etc.) may be applied . DAQ BLOCK:- Produces the 4-20ma signal, insuring that 0% equals exactly 4 ma and 100% equals 20ma.
WIRELESS HART
- Self-Organizing and Self-Healing:It means every device has the intelligence to discover neighbors, measure RF signal strength, acquire synchronization and frequency hopping information, and then establish paths and links with neighboring devices. This enables very simple and robust network installation, reliable long-term performance, and simple network expansion.
- Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum:It uses the unlicensed part of the radio spectrum in the 2.4GHz ISM band.
- Secure Communications
There are three pillars of secure communication: encryption, authentication and integrity. Encryption keeps the information carried by the message from being read by other parties; authentication ensures that the sender is actually the sender; and integrity ensures that the message was delivered unaltered.
HART SYSTEM