APC COLLEGE

Neemuch Road, Pratapgarh(Raj.)

Name- SANDEEP SHARMA Class- BCA Ist year Roll no.- 025 Topic- MEMORY Teacher name- Bhaya lal Ji Anjana
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MEMORY
Introduction The memory unit is an essential component in any digital computer, since it is needed for storing the programs that are executed by the CPU. The memory unit that communicates directly with the CPU is called the main memory. Memory are two types PRIMARY MEMORY. SECONDRY MEMORY.

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Primary memory The memory unit that communicates

directly with the CPU is called the primary (main) memory. This section of the computers memory consists of a set of storage registers (cell), each of which is identified with an address that enables the control unit either to write into or read from a particular register. Depending on the components it is made up of two type of memories that are:
(A) Core Memory (Magnetic Ferrite) (B) Semiconductor Memory
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(A) Core memory ~ A memory is made up of a large number of cells, with each cell capable o storing one bit. These cells may be organized as a set of addressable words , each word storing a sequence of bits.

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(B) Semiconductor Memory The efforts of the computer designers to reduce the size of computers, have led to the development of Semiconductor Memory. These memories are wholly electronic and therefore are very fast. In semiconductor memories each bit (0 or 1) is stored in a cell.

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Types of Semiconductor Memories

RAM. ROM. Video RAM. Cache.

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An application in which data changes frequently calls for the use of a RAM. Example of RAM are 7489,64 bit RAM,54\74200 is a 256 bit RAM.

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RAMs are two types ~ (1) Static Ram (S Ram) (2) Dynamic Ram (D Ram) (1) Static RAMs are those in which, once a bit is stored in a cell, it will remain as long as there is power available to the chip.

(2) Dynamic RAMs are those in which, the bit loses in a very short period of time even though the power supply is ON.
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An application in which data does not change dictates the use of ROM. Example of ROM are:54\7488A is a 256 bit ROM;54\74187, Which is a 1024 bit ROM.

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Types of ROM~

PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) EEPROM (Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

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VIDEO RAM (VRAM) : In conventional RAM there is only one data path for accessing of data but in VRAM there are two data paths for accessing. So due to these two data path, it is able to do any two work at a time like refreshing the display and communication with the processor.

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Diagram of Video RAM

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CACHE MEMORY ~ A special area of memory, managed by the cache controller, that improves performance by storing the contents of frequently accessed memory location and their addresses because access time of a cache memory is 20ns instead of main memory is 80ns.

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Block diagram of Cache Memory

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These memories although are a part of the computer but are external to CPU. Moreover, these are quite slow and more time is required to get information transferred to CPU. For example, a piece of information may required a nanosecond for its retrieval from the main memory whereas a millisecond may be required if this information is to be obtained from auxiliary memory.
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Types of Secondary Memory

Floppy Disks. Magnetic (Hard) Disk. Winchester Disks. Magnetic Tapes. Magnetic Drums. Magnetic Bubble Memories.

CD-ROM. WORM. ERWOD. DVD.

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