Escolar Documentos
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Presented By Dr Bhagabat Bhattarai PG Resident Periodontology and Implantology Peoples Dental College
Guide Associate Professor Dr. Surendra Man S HOD- Periodontology and Implantology PDCH
Contents
Introduction
Epithelium Saliva
Antibacterial factor Salivary antibodies Buffers and coagulation factors Leukocytes Role in periodontal pathology
Introduction
Gingival tissue is constantly subjected to mechanical
biologic seal, but it is also the area where the plaque bacteria challenge the host
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Epithelium
main function of the gingival epithelium is to protect the deep structures-mechanical, chemical, water and microbial barrier, signalling functions -Achieved by proliferation and differentiation of the keratinocytes -mitosis in the basal layer and less frequently in the suprabasal layers larger number begin to migrate to the surface Differentiation involves the process of keratinization,
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Saliva
Maintain the oral tissues in a physiologic state
Lysozyme
- hydrolytic enzyme that cleaves the linkage
between structural components of the glycopeptide muramic acidcontaining region of the cell wall of certain bacteria in vitro veillonella species and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans repels certain transient bacterial invaders of the mouth
Lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate system
bactericidal to some strains of Lactobacillus and
Streptococcus
preventing the accumulation of lysine and glutamic acid, both of which are essential for bacterial growth
Lactoferrin- antibacterial-Actinobacillus species
Myeloperoxidase
Released by leukocytes
Bactericidal for Actinobacillus Inhibit the attachment of Actinomyces strains to
hydroxyapatite
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Salivary Antibodies
preponderant immunoglobulin found in saliva is
immunoglobulins A (IgA)
immunoglobulins G (IgG) and M (IgM) are present lgG is more prevalent in GCF
Major and minor salivary - all the secretory IgA (sIgA) and
because they react with strains of bacteria indigenous to the mouth but not with organisms characteristic of the intestinal tract
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Salivary enzymes
Derived from the salivary glands, bacteria,
-Hyaluronidase and lipase --glucuronidase and chondroitin sultatase -Amino acid decarboxvlases -catalase, peroxidase, and collagenase
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Salivary enzymes
saliva contains antiproteases that inhibit cysteine
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tocontain polymers similar to salivary glycoproteins that may aid in maintaining the integrity of plaque
selectively adsorb to the hydroxyapatite to make up
part of the acquired pellicle Other salivary glycoproteins inhibit the sorption of some bacteria to the tooth surface and to epithelial cells of the oral mucosa
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mammalian cell surfaces appear to serve as receptors for the attachment of some viruses and bacteria
Thus the close similarity between glucoproteins of
salivary secretions and components of the epithelial cell surface suggests that the secretions can competitively inhibit antigen sorption and therefore may limit pathologic alterations.
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Salivary Buffers
maintenance of physiologic hydrogen ion
concentration (pH) at the mucosal epithelial cell surface and the tooth surface is an important important salivary butter is the bicarbonate carbonic acid system
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Coagulation Factors
Saliva also contains coagulation factors (factors
VIII, IX, and X; plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA); Hageman factor) that hasten blood coagulation and protect wounds from bacterial invasion.
An active fibrinolytic enzyme may also be present
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Leukocytes
saliva contains all forms of leukocytes, of which
the principal cells are PMNs. varies from person to person at different times of the day and is increased in gingivitis reach the oral cavity by migrating through the lining of the gingival sulcus
rate of migration correlates with the severity of
and metabolism
Salivary flow and composition also influence
destruction associated with cervical or cemental caries is partially a consequence of decreased salivas gland secretion
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Moran, A.E. Dolby.Antibody to Collagen Type I in Gingival Crevicular Fluid. J Periodontol 1990;60:289-292.
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