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TOPICS
Management for OBESITY Management for UNDERWEGHT Management for KIDNEY DISEASE
OBESITY
DEFINITION
OTHER FACTORS
Presence of central obesity Association with smoking, alcohol, body frame profile, gender High correlation with fat intake
DIETARY MANAGEMENT
Dietary Plan: OBJECTIVE: change eating habits Reduce portion size and caloric intake Reduce daily intake by 500-1,000 cal/day
Cooking methods: Broiling, grilling, baking, roasting, poaching, or boiling Use fat-free seasonings
OTHER MODIFICATIONS
1. Weigh regularly (weekly, not daily) 2. Dont wait too long between meals if you feel hungry
3. Eat slowly
4. Use small plate 5. Treat yourself with something other than food
UNDERWEIGHT
CAUSES
Inadequate consumption of nutritious foods due to: Depression Disease Poverty Genetic Influences Excessive activity
Metabolism
DIETARY MANAGEMENT
Dietary Plan: Establish regular meal pattern Gradually increase daily calorie value Eat foods rich in Fats, CHO, and CHON If there are vitamin-mineral deficiencies, supplements are prescribed
FOOD SELECTION
Fatty foods used in discretion Bulky foods must be used sparingly
Others:
Incorporate activity Be creative with the food preparation and presentation Encourage snacks in between meals
KIDNEY DISEASES
GENERAL CAUSES
Inflammatory and Degenerative disease Damage from other diseases
NUTRITION THERAPY
Based on: Length of disease, Degree of impaired renal function, Clinical symptoms e.g. Glomerulonephritis Inflammatory process effecting glumruli Symptoms: hematuria, edema, mild hypertension may also occur, signs of oliguria or anuria
If complicated, focuses mainly on bed rest and antibiotic therapy Dietary protein is restricted if BUN is elevated Normal BUN- CHON intake=0.75-1g/kg body weight CHO- provide sufficient energy Na restricted to 500-1000mg/day if low urine output Potassium is monitored carefully Water is restricted according to urine output
THANK YOU!!
REFERENCES
Notes provided by Ms. Zeny Shia