Phobia and OCD- what are they?

Fear or phobia? What are you scared of?

What do you have a phobia of?

What separates a fear from a phobia? What separates a phobia from other psychotic disorders?

Agoraphobia Social phobia Specific phobia

Definition
Age of onset

Typical treatment

James is 27 years Agoraphobia old and finds it difficult to leave the house.

What phobia?

David is Phobia anxious around feels Social 18 andthis lead to a phobia? his peers. Could

Specificpanic attack when climbing the Phobia Jade has a

Social Phobia
third floor to science Sam avoids leaving the house unless it is the middle of the night.

OCD
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. What is it?

http://www.nhs.uk/video/pages/OCD.aspx

Q what was Dianas obsession?

Q what was Dianas compulsion? Q how was Diana treated>

Write your own examples of OCD to test the class

Janet thinks that her families health is in danger so she washes her hands 5 times before leaving the bathroom David is worried that there will be an explosion in his office. He turns the light switch off before he leaves his office. Chelsea has recurring thoughts that she might harm her young child. In reality she loves her child and is a good mother, but she is constantly plagued by thoughts that she might somehow lose control and attack him. Saying a certain prayer 10 times a day calms her

DSM criteria
HW- find the DSM criteria for OCD and phobias- quiz next lesson.

WHAT IS OCD
What is obsessive compulsive disorder ? Define obsession and define compulsion?

Starter Which phobia do these pictures characterise? Why?

Social phobic's fear the presence of or interaction with other people.

Agoraphobia is the fear of open and public spaces, in the presence or absence of other people.

Q. Would an individual suffering with social phobia feel safe walking alone in the forest on a secluded beach? A. YES!!!! An Agroaphobic individual wouldnt. If they experienced a panic attack/emergency no-one would be there to help.

(a) (i) If Colin goes into the town centre, he begins to feel faint and sweaty. He is terrified that something awful is going to happen to him. State whether or not Colin has a phobia. Justify your answer. (2

marks)

[A02 = 2] This is a phobia (1) plus justification such as an irrational panic response (1) (ii) Mandy is taking her pet dog for a walk, when a much larger dog runs towards her, growling. Mandy feels scared and her mouth goes dry. State whether or not Mandy has a phobia. Justify your answer. (2 marks) [A02 = 2] This is not a phobia (1) plus explanation, eg the fear is not irrational . dogs can be dangerous

IRRATIONAL RESPONSE
A fear is only a phobia when it is irrational and causes and individual to change their lifestyle to avoid their phobic stimuli.

Preparedness theory (evolutionary) Genetic explanation Vulnerability

Task 1. Read the examples and match to the biological explanations - explain why they support.

Task 2. Match research from the Use a separate sidesupport these text book to of A4 for each. explanations Aim Method Results Conclusion Write 2 AO2 comments for each

Loop challenge

Starter Little Albert video

Little Albert (Watson 1927) Classical Conditioning

Underline

the US, UR, NS, CS, CR

Use

the keywords to describe the case study of Little Albert

Association
Classical

Conditioning

Skinner- Operant Conditioning

Reward

and Punishment

Phobias-

Maintained through AVOIDANCE of the object or situation was Little Alberts phobia maintained?

How

MOWRER (1939)
MOWRER (1939) combines classical and operant conditioning
Phobias are acquired by classical conditioning Maintained through operant conditioning.

QUESTIONS

How does Mowrer (1939) explain the acquisition of phobias? Maintenance? Apply Mowrers explanation to Bagbys case study

What do we know?
How

does a behaviourist explain phobias? Name 1 piece of evidence How does a biologist explain phobias

BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION

BEHAVIOURIST EXPLANATION

COGNITIVE EXPLANATION
Conscious thoughts of people with phobias Starter What cognitions do you have about these pictures? How would they be different For someone with a phobia?

ARE YOU PREOCCUPIED WITH A

FEAR OF FEAR?

Automatic negative thoughts example?

Overgeneralising example?

Phobias are developed and maintained.

Task
Sensitisation
Avoidance Negative self-talk /images

1)Define the 3 terms IN YOUR OWN WORDS

2)Apply each key term to an individual with agoraphobia

Questions - from sheet and text book

1) 2)

3)
4)

5)

What did Beck (1963) suggest about the development of phobias? What did Williams (1997) investigate? How did he do this? Did Williams (1997) result support Beck? Explain What did Wallace and Alden (1997) conclude about social phobia? How was their study conducted? Provide 2 AO2 comments for Williams and Aldens study

Q. Discuss the cognitive explanation of phobias, refer to one other approach in your answer

TRUE OR FALSE
Specific

phobia is a fear of spiders Rational fears are defined as phobias Agoraphobia is a fear of social situations Social Phobia is a fear of outdoor places

What would Freud say?

Conflict between Id, Ego, Super Ego

The Psyche (Personality)

Id:
Instincts

Ego:
Reality

Superego: Morality

 Psychoanalysts

theorise that phobias are associated with unconscious sexual fears, or id impulses. conflict between the id, ego and superego. Unconscious sexual fears may be repressed or displaced. Thus the fears appear to be irrational. The psychodynamic model is the only perspective to suggest that phobias have meaning.

Sperling (1971) A fear of spiders is a defence against more threatening impulses of a sexual nature

Abrahams (1927) a fear of spiders is symbolic of an unconscious fear of sexual genitalia

acquisition of phobias

nature nurture

maintenance of phobias

research into phobias (objectivity and validity)

Q Does social learning theory fit into the explanations of phobias?