By: Gregorio E.

Baccay, III

What is a Social Institution?

Social structures and social mechanism of social order and cooperation that govern the behavior of its members. Group of social positions, connected by social relations, performing a social role. Performs 5 essential tasks namely: replacing members or procreation, teaching new members, producing, distributing & consuming goods and services, preserving order and providing & maintaining a sense of purpose.

Characteristics & Functions of an Institution

Institutions are purposive They are relatively permanent in their content Institutions are structured Institutions are a unified structure. They function as a unit and dependent on one another Institutions are necessary value-laden

Functions of Institutions

Institutions simplify social behavior for the individual person. Institutions, therefore, provide ready-made forms of social relations and social roles for the individual. Institutions also act as agencies of coordination and stability for the total culture.

cont

Institutions tend to control behavior. They contain the systematic expectations of the society.

Major Social Institutions

1. FAMILY

The Family
Smallest social institution with the unique function or producing and rearing the young. It is the basic unit of Philippine society and educational system. The basic agent of socialization because it is here where individual develops values, behaviors and ways of life thru interaction with members of the family.

Characteristics of Filipino Family

Closely knit and has strong family ties Members have the tendency to cling together in their activities and feelings There is strong loyalty among family members. Usually an extended one and therefore big. The typical family today averages 5 children.

cont
Kinship ties are extended to include the compadre or sponsors Parents get sponsors in the baptism of their child and wedding of a son or daughter These sponsors are supposed to act as second parents to the child and have the responsibility of guiding, advising and helping their godchild

Functions of a Family

Reproduction of the race and rearing of the young Cultural transmission or enculturation Socialization of the child Providing affection and a sense of security Providing the environment for personality development and the growth of selfconcept in relation to others Providing social status

Kinds of Family Patterns

Membership
Nuclear
Extended

cont

Residence
Neolocal
Matrilocal Patrilocal

cont

Authority
Patriarchal
Matriarchal Equalitarian

cont

Descent
Bilineal
Patrilineal Matrilineal

2 Types of Family According to Structure

Conjugal or nuclear family primary or elementary family consisting of husband, wife and children Consanguine or extended family consists of married couple, their parents, siblings, grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins

3 Types of Polygamy
Polyandry where one woman is married to two or more men at the same time Polygamy where one man is married to two or more women at the same time Cenogamy where two or more men mate with two or more women in group marriage

Line of Descent
Patrilineal when the descent is recognized thru the fathers line Matrinlineal when the descent is recognized thru the mothers line Bilineal when descent is recognized thru both the fathers and mothers line

According to Place of Residence

Patrilocal when the newly married couple lives with the parents of the husband Matrilocal when the newly married couple lives with the parents of the wife, and, Neolocal when the newly married pair maintains a separate household and live by themselves

With Reference to Authority

Patriararchal when the father is considered the head and plays a dominant role Matriararchal when the mother or female is the head and makes the major decisions Equalitarian when both father and mother share in making decisions and are equal in authority

2. Education

Functions of Schools
Technical-economic Human/social Political Cultural Education

cont

The school is a place for the contemplation of reality, and our task as teachers, is to show this reality to our students, who are naturally eager about them.

Manifest Functions of Education

Social Control Socialization Social Placement Transmitting Culture Promoting social and political integration Agent of change

Latent Functions of Education

Restricting some activities Matchmaking and production of social networks Creation of generation gap

Functions of School s as stated by Calderon (1998)

Conservation function Instructional function Research function Social service function

3. Religion

Definition

Any set of coherent answers to the dilemmas of human existence that makes the world meaningful.

Religion is how human beings express their feelings about such ultimate concerns such as sickness or death.

cont

It is a system of beliefs and rituals that serves to bind people together thru shared worship, thereby creating a social group. Religion is a set of beliefs and practices that pertain to a sacred or supernatural realm that guides human behavior and gives meaning to life among a community of believers.

Characteristics of Religion
Belief in a deity or in a power beyond the individual A doctrine (accepted teaching) of salvation A code of conduct The use of sacred stories Religious rituals ( acts and ceremonies)

Functions of Religion
Religion serves as a means of social control. It exerts a great influence upon personality development. Religion allays fear of the unknown. Religion explains events or situations which are beyond the comprehension of man.

cont

It gives man comfort, strength and hope in times of crisis and despair It preserves and transmits knowledge, skills, spiritual and cultural values and practices It serves as an instrument of change It promotes closeness, live, cooperation, friendliness and helpfulness Alleviates sufferings from major calamities Provides hope for blissful life after death

3 Elements of Religion
Sacred and profane Legitimation of norms Rituals Religious community

4. Economic Institutions

Human behavior is mainly concerned with the satisfaction of material wants. It is centered on the task of making a living, the most absorbing interest of man. We cannot isolate ourselves from economics because our physical existence depends on it.

Microeconomics vs Macroeconomics

Microeconomics is concerned with the specific economic units of parts that makes an economic system and the relationship between those parts.
Macroeconomics is concerned with the economy as a whole, or large segments of it.

3 Basic Economic Problems

What goods and services to produce and how much. How to produce goods and services. For whom are the goods and services.

3 Branches of Government
The Executive Branch The Legislative Branch Judicial Branch

5. Government as a Social Institution

The institution which resolves conflicts that are public in nature and involve more than a few people Supreme Court defines government as that institution by which an independent society makes and carries out those rules of action which are necessary to enable men to live in a social state, or which are imposed upon the people for that society by those who possess the power of authority of prescribing them.

Functions of Government
The Constituent functions The Ministrant Functions