Seminar On Moving coil type Linear Compressor

By :
Juned R. Kazi
Department of Mechanical Engineering Rajendra Mane college of engineering & technology, Ambav (Devrukh)-415608.

CRYOGENICS
Cryogenics is the branch of physics which studies the phenomena that occur at very low temperatures, close to theoretical attainable temperature (absolute 0 K, equivalent to -273.15C). In engineering, cryogenics can be best described as an application which operates in the temperature range of absolute 0 to 120 K.

CRYOCOOLER
It is a device or ensemble of equipment for producing refrigeration at temperatures less than 120 K. The First type of Crycooler was introduced by Gifford and Longsworth in 1963. It was the Basic Pulse Tube Crycooler (BPTC). They are highly reliable, simple in construction, better vibrational stability, compact in size and cheap.

Basic Pulse Tube Crycooler

Linear compressor was initially developed by Cadman and Cohen. Crycooler are the core components in cryogenically cooled electrooptic, high temperature superconductive and vacuum applications. The linear compressors of such coolers are the major source of harmful vibration disturbances affecting the operation of these inherently vibration sensitive systems.

Reciprocating Vs. Linear Compressor

Traditional reciprocating compressor uses crankshaft mechanism to convert rotary motion of motor into reciprocating motion to drive piston. Exertion of side forces on piston and cylinder walls posses common problems like:- wear, vibration and noise. A linear compressor utilizes a linear motor to directly drive the piston in unidirectional motion. A well-designed linear compressor thus can greatly reduce side forces and wear, as well as vibration and noise.

Types of linear compressor

Moving coil type linear compressor
In the "moving coil" linear actuator an alternating current is passed through a coil attached to a piston assembly and located between the poles of a stationary permanent magnet.

Moving magnet type linear compressor

In a "moving magnet" approach the coil is fixed and the permanent magnet is attached to the piston assembly.

Moving Coil Linear Compressor

when a current is applied to the linear motor, the current flows through the coil to generate an electromagnetic force by interactions with the outer stator and the inner stator, and the permanent magnet and the piston connected to the permanent magnet are linearly reciprocated by the electromagnetic force. When the piston is linearly reciprocated inside the cylinder, the inside pressure of the compression space is changed. The refrigerants are sucked into the compression space, compressed and discharged according to changes of the inside pressure of the compression space. Design Parameters: Operating pressures. Frequency. Stroke of piston. Piston material Gas properties. Current, Voltage and Power requirement.

Principle linear compressor

Design specification
Total mass of coil/piston M (Kg)
Piston diameter Dp (mm) Diameter of wounded coil (mm) Coil wire diameter (mm) Coil wire length le (m) Inductance of coil La (Henry) Electric resistance of coil Ra (ohm) Magnetic flux density B (Tesla) Spring constant K (N/m)

The electromagnetic relation for a linear motor can be expressed as:

Where, Va is the driving voltage of the linear motor; Ia is the driving current; La and Ra are the inductance and the resistance of the coil, respectively; B is the magnetic flux density Le is the effective length of coil

The mechanical force balance of the moving coil and piston

Where
M is the equivalent mass of the moving coil and piston, C is the viscous damping coefficient, K the spring constant, Ap the cross-sectional area of the piston,

 Reduction of friction losses No wear and tear Versatility of application

Advantages of linear compressor Mechanical simplicity

Applications of linear compressor

Used as a pressure wave generator Used as a clean gas compressor in medical, laboratory, biomedical applications at low pressure ratio

conclusion
Linear compressors have higher efficiency than standard reciprocating compressors; The system has high sensitivity to the driving frequency, for which it has to be designed; The applied voltage has to be controlled in order to optimize the efficiency of the compressor, with a good knowledge of input parameters.