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Physical
Wellness
Activities
Psychological
Spiritual
Components of Wellness
Excellence
Adaptability
WELLNESS
State of well-being
Illness
Disease
Specific Problems
Biological Malfunction Body system Psychological
Organ
clinical manifestations
Definition of Terms
Stress A state produced by a change in the environment that is perceived as challenging, threatening, or damaging to the persons dynamic balance or equilibrium. Stressor Any event or stimulus that causes an individual to experience stress
Adaptation A change or alteration designed to assist in adapting to a new situation or environment Homeostasis A steady state within the body; the stability of the internal environment Coping The cognitive & behavioral strategies used to manage the stressors
Categories of stressors
Physical Physiological
Psychosocial
Classifications of stressors
Day-to-day frustrations Major complex occurrences involving large groups Stressors that occurs less frequently and involve fewer people
Fear
MODELS OF STRESS
Stimulus -Based Models Response -Based Models Transaction- Based Models
Stimulus Based Models - Stimulus life event, or set of circumstances that arouses a physiologic and/or psychological reactions that may increase the individual vulnerability to illness
Response-Based Models
Stress may be considered as a response The body could also react Locally this is referred to as local adaptation syndrome (LAS) a) Reflex Pain Response b) Inflammatory Response Characterized by chain of events called the general adaptation syndrome ( GAS)
Personal characteristics
Adaptation
Ineffective coping
Illness
Cont.
Immune mechanisms Infectious agents Genetics defects Psychogenic factors
Injury
Ischemic damage
Immune reaction
Inflammatory response
Vascular changes: Vasodilation Capillary permeability Blood flow Local tissue congestion
Cellular changes:
Phagocytosis Leukocytes Release of Chemical mediators
Body responses