By Santul Bisht

It is small, low-cost sensors, which collect and disseminate environmental data. It facilitate monitoring and controlling of physical environments from remote locations with better accuracy. E.g. environmental monitoring, indoor climate control, surveillance, structural monitoring, medical diagnostics, disaster management

With the recent breakthrough of Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) technology where sensors are becoming smaller and more versatile, WSN promises many new application areas in the near future. Since we will discuss the uses of Wireless sensors for monitoring the environmental pollution

WSN have been successfully deployed to monitor the environment i.e. Fire and Flood Detection Biocomplexity Mapping and Precision Agriculture- monitoring air, soil and water. Habitat Monitoring

There are a number of different types of pollution that have a large cumulative impact on our local environment. Traditional forms of pollution are: 1. Air pollution 2. Water pollution 3. Land contamination.

Modern forms of pollution are stated as: 1. Noise pollution, like loudspeakers, traffic noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise and other kind of noise harmful to habitants 2. Thermal pollution, which is the discharge of heated water and is an aspect of water pollution, contamination of underground water, river water, stagnant water etc. 3. Light pollution, like light trespass and over illumination, lighting such as floodlighting on sports fields, can be a source of noise pollution 4.Visual pollution, which includes the presence of overhead power lines, municipal garbage land fields and the open storage of junk

OBJECTIVE Use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for air pollution monitoring. Since, the problem of air pollution is becoming a major concern for the health of the population. Wireless Sensor Network Air Pollution Monitoring System (WAPMS) to monitor air pollution through the use of wireless sensors deployed in huge numbers in different areas.

We will make a air quality index (AIQ) To improve the efficiency of WAPMS we have make a algorithm named as Recursive Converging Quartiles (RCQ).

Wireless sensor networks involve the collection of high amounts of data. Two Ways:Duplicate Elimination Technique. Data Fusion Technique.

It comprises of an array of sensor nodes and a communications system which allows the data to reach a server. The sensor nodes gather data autonomously and the data network is used to pass data to one or more base stations, which forward it to a sensor network server. The system send commands to the nodes in order to fetch the data, and also allows the nodes to send data out autonomously

We first partition our region of interest into several smaller areas for better management of huge amount of data that will be collected from the system. We deploy one cluster head in each area; these will form cluster with the nodes in their respective areas, collect data from them, perform aggregation and send these back to the sink.

We, then, randomly deploy the sensor nodes in the different areas. These will sense the data, send them to the cluster head in their respective area through multi hop routing. We will use multiple sinks that will collect aggregated from the cluster heads and transmit them to the gateway. Each sink will be allocated a set of cluster heads. The gateway will collect results from the sinks and relay them to the database and eventually to our application.

AIQ

The pollutants are ozone, fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and total reduced sulphur compounds.

WAMPS has been simulated using the Jist/Swans simulator JiST is a high-performance discrete event simulation engine that runs over a standard Java virtual machine. SWANS is a scalable wireless network simulator built a top the JiST platform

Objective Real monitoring application in an instant coffee factory with the help of WSN. Focused on the impact of the instant coffee production processes.

Water and air quality are essential to maintain the equilibrium between human development and a healthy environment. Processes such as boiling, drying, binding, etc., are being carried out by almost every kind of the current factories Environmental monitoring system based on a Wireless Sensor Network platform called Cookies To measure both gas emissions and waste water quality in an instant coffee factory

Shows a closed-loop system which involves all the different steps to make the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in a coffee factory. By using passive infrared sensors (PIR) to measure heat and by testing both temperature and humidity variations in the environment.

Objectives In crowded subway stations indoor airquality (IAQ) is a key factor for ensuring the safety, health and comfort of passengers framework for wireless sensor network in VDN for monitoring and control of IAQ in subway stations. CO2, VOCs and biological agents need to be closely monitored and controlled in multiple locations in subway stations.

A basic framework for wireless sensor network using Lon Works/IP Gateway/Web server is suggested to better perform monitoring and control of IAQ

important factors affecting IAQ in subway stations are identified as [2] Particulate matters, CO,NO2 , Ozone, VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds),Radon, Electromagnetic fields, chemical agent, and environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and Biological agents. Particulate in indoor air appears, as expected, to be denser than in outdoor air. Results suggest that improving IAQ of subway station needs multiple measurements and monitoring in multiple locations. In order to make indoor station more comfortable, ventilation methods must also be upgraded in tunnels and platforms.

By connecting device network into IP can be simply integrated into a seamless "Virtual Device Network" (VDN). VDN includes one or more remote sites connected with one or more monitoring/control applications located on the Internet. virtual machine (VM) or smart machine (SM), which utilizes the virtual device network (VDN).

concept of Lon Works/IP smart machine using various communication media for monitoring and control of IAQ. Wireless media such as Zigbee was suggested for ease of installation. ZL converter transforms wireless communication data into network variable (NV) data,then transmitted through LonWorks network.

Objective Micro scale air quality monitoring for urban areas. Two technology -WSN -SOA(Service orientation architecture )

Big cities like delhi ,mumbai are facing various environment problems New communication and sensing technology including wireless sensor N/W such as USN enable micro-scale and real time monitoring. Since there are lot of buildings and each one is placed at different places hence there is difference in environment. So we develop a Airscope based on USN to monitor the environment.

Here the WSN is used for monitoring and SOA is for maintenance Airscope architecture is used to monitor the entire environment Enterprises Service Bus is used for data communication.

1.USN 2.Local airscope - data storage -data processing -data communication 3.Global airscope Airscope management Providing services Authorization 4.User applications

Combine air quality data with mapping data provided to user with instant air quality We use service mix to transfer sensor data from Airscope to Desktop Application.