III Sem. M.Tech.

(PSCA) Seminar on

VOLTAGE STABILTY

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by M. Naresh Reg. No.10131D5310 III Sem. M.Tech. (PSCA)

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POWER SYSTEM STABILITY According to IEEE : Power system stability is defined as the capability of a system to maintain an operating equilibrium point after being subjected to a disturbance for given initial operating conditions.

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CLASSIFICATION OF POWER SYSTEM STABILITY

1.

Angle Stability Small-disturbance Angle Stability Large-disturbance Angle Stability (Transient Stability) Frequency Stability Voltage Stability Large-disturbance Voltage Stability Small-disturbance Voltage Stability

1.

3.

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ANGLE STABILITY

It is defined as the capability of the synchronous generators in the system to maintain its synchronism after being subjected to a disturbance.

Rotor Angle Instability corresponds to a loss of synchronism at one or more synchronous generators

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ROTOR ANGLE RESPONSE TO A TRANSIENT DISTURBANCE

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P- Curve

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FREQUENCY STABILITY

It refers to the ability of the system to maintain a steady frequency, following a system drastic change resulting in a significant imbalance between generated and demand power Frequency instability is often associated with a large disturbance (loss of load/generation) and limited generation reserves.

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VOLTAGE STABILITY A power system at a given operating state and subjected to a given disturbance is voltage stable if voltages near loads approach post- disturbance equilibrium values. OR Voltage stability is the ability of the power system to maintain steady acceptable voltages at all buses in the system under normal operating conditions and after being subjected to a disturbance.

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Small Disturbance Voltage Stability: A power system at a given operating state is small disturbance voltage stable if, following any small disturbance, voltages near loads are identical or close to the pre-disturbance values. Large Disturbance Voltage Stability: A power system at a given operating state and subjected to a given large disturbance is large disturbance voltage stable if the voltages approach post-disturbance equilibrium values
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ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM VOLTAGE STABILITY

Two bus system

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P-V curve

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Q-V characteristics

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 The system is voltage stable V-Q sensitivity is positive . The system is voltage unstable V-Q sensitivity is negative . The voltage stability limit is reached when the derivative dQ/dV

is zero.
Stable operation in the region where dQ/dV is negative can be

achieved only with a regulated reactive power compensation.

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Voltage Instability:
A system enters a state of voltage instability when a disturbance,

increase in load demand, a change in system condition causes a progressive and uncontrollable drop in voltage.
Inability of the power system to meet the demand of reactive

power.

Possible outcome of voltage instability:

Loss of load in an area Tripping of transmission lines leading to cascaded outages that in

turn may lead to loss of synchronism.

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REFERENCES

Power System Stability and Control by PRABHA KUNDUR

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