ELECTORAL AND PARTY POLITICS IN PREWAR PHILIPPINES

Jorge V. Tigno

MY LOYALTY TO MY PARTY ENDS WHERE MY LOYALTY TO MY COUNTRY BEGINS

MANUEL L. QUEZON

Political Parties and Elections: Instrumentalist and Particularistic

The Birth of Party and Electoral Politics

Spanish regime-limited form of suffrage Only the principales were eligible to run as gobernadorcillo American regime the Philippine Commission headed by William Howard Taft

Federal Party (December 1900) Trinidad Pardo de Tavera

Benevolent assimilation?-Pres. William McKinley

Anti-Sedition Law-against the advocacy for independence or separation from US Expanded Filipino participation in governance and building a universal educational system

Other Party Formations in the Early 1900s

Partido Naciolnalista Union Obrera Partido Conservador Partido Democrata (Sergio Osmena)-the necessity of two opposing parties for a popular government Republic Party (Gregorio Aglipay, 1904)-to ally with Americans

The End of Insurrection and the Emergence of Political Opposition

Schurman Commission (1902) Philippine selfgovernment starting with the creation of the Philippine Assembly in 1907
To

check on the Philippine Commission To open for other parties

The Federalist Reinvent Themselves

Partido Nacional Progresista-Annexation to gradual independence Partido Union Nacionalista-immediate independence without foreign aid Partido Independista-eventual independence with foreign aid Partido Nacionalista-Maneul L. Quezon and Sergio Osmena

The Advent of Two-Party Politics, Philippine Style (1907)

Nationalist Party (59 seats) Sergio Osmena-speaker Progressive Party (16 seats) Independent Parties Partido Democrata Nacional (Teodoro Sandiko, 1912) Teceristas Jones Law (1916) Election of the 1st Philippine Senate Democratic Party (1917) National Democrat + Progressive parties Partido Nacionalista-Collectivista/ Unipersonalista (1922)

Osmena-rule of the dominant party (Collectivista) Quezon-popular election for the leader (Unipersonalista)

Rule of the party is conducive to oligarchy or autocracy

Alliances and coalitions

Partido Nacionalista Consolidado (1924)

The End of Opposition Parties and the Rise of the Hegemonic Party

Dissolution of Democratic Party (1932)-signals an inevitable opposition from within

Hare-Hawes-Cutting (HHC) Bill-Oseman Tydings-Mcduffie (TM) Act of 1934

Constitutional Convention (1934-35) Claro M. Recto

Women suffrage (plebiscite)

Commonwealth Election (1935) unicameral legislature

National Socialist Party-Emilio Aguinaldo Republican Party-Gregorio Aglipay Nationalist Party-Manuel L. Quezon

The End of Party Politics and the Beginning of Partyless Democracy

Partyless Democracy (president-centered)? Party Politics in the Prewar Legislature

The

Roots of Party Politics, Power, and Patronage Wealthy local elites

WHAT FACTORS WOULD ACCOUNT FOR THE PRAGMATIC AND NONIDEOLOGICAL NATURE OF PARTIES THAT EMERGED THE PREWAR PERIOD?