Eccs Examples Do Eurocode 3 - 1993

ECCS EUROPEAN CONVENTION FOR CONSTRUCTIONAL STEELWORK CECM ‘CONVENTION EUROPEENNE DE LA CONSTRUCTION METALLIQUE EKS EUROPAISCHE KONVENTION FUR STAHLBAU ECCS - Advisory Committee 5 _ Application of Eurocode 3 Examples to Eurocode 3 — ___ FIRST EDITION 4998 Ne74EUROPEAN CONVENTION FOR CONSTRUCTIONAL STEELWORK CONVENTION EUROPEENNE DE LA CONSTRUCTION METALLIQUE EUROPAISCHE KONVENTION FUR STAHLBAU ECCS - Advisory Committee 5 Application of Eurocode 3 Examples to Eurocode 3 FIRST EDITION 1993 N°71Introduction The European Convention for Structural Steelwork (ECCS) has as one of its primary objectives the promotion of the safe and economical use of steel in structures. ECCS believes that the introduction of the harmonized Eurocodes has a great value in achieving this objective; accordingly ECCS has set up an Advisory Committee, AC 5, charged with the task of promoting the introduction and adoption of the Eurocodes. The AC 5 Committee have considered how this process could be best achieved and concluded that a three stage approach was desirable. The first stage was to produce a concise version of the Eurocodes which can be used for normal every day design; this part has already been issued as ECCS Publication No. 65. The second stage is the production of this document which gives design examples to EC 3/1 and E-EC 3 and has been prepared as a design aid to facilitate the use of EC 3/1 for the design of steel buildings during the ENV period. These examples concentrate on those aspects which are likely to be needed for daily practical design work. The third and final stage will be the production of a series of “Design Aids" which will enable the design process to be made more quickly by using tabulated or graphical values for the various design formula contained in EC 3/1. The combination of these three documents will enable practising engineers to more easily adopt to the use of the new Eurocodes and should have a beneficial help in their speedy introduction.Scope These Design Examples to EC 3/1 and E-EC 3 have been prepared by the ECCS - Advisory Committee AC 5 as a design aid in supplement to the complete EC 3/1 to facilitate the use of EC 3/1 for the design of steel buildings in the ENV-period. The Design Examples only contains examples to EC 3/1 and E-EC3 that are likely to be needed for daily practical design work. The y values used in this document are the values recommended in EC 3 main document. These values may deviate from the values recommended in the National Application Documents (NAD) of the member states. The ECCS - Advisory Committee 5 is at present composed of the following members: Aasen, B. Norway Arda, T.S. Turkey Bock, H. United Kingdom Danieli, S. Italy Dowling, P.J. United Kingdom Falke, J. Germany Gemperle, C. Switzerland Gettins, H.J. (Chairman) United Kingdom Lequien, Ph. France Lutteroth, A. Germany Schleich, J.B. Luxembourg Sedlacek, G. Germany Lundin, K. Sweden The Committee gratefully obtained contributions from: Braham, M. Luxembourg Gerardy, J.C. Luxembourg Grotmann, D. Germany Taylor, J.C. United Kingdom Also particular thanks are given to the ECCS Technical Committees TC 8 and TC 10 who have contributed to the work. References (1) EC 3/1: ENV 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3: Part 1.1 (2) E-EC 3: Essentials of Eurocode 3 - Design Manual for Steel Structures in Buildings, ECCS- Publication No. 65 (3) References to EC 3/1 are given in brackets [...] (4) References to E-EC 3 are given without bracketsContents Introduction Scope a i cc 1 1.1 Load combination .........0.0.00 0.000000 cee nee nee 2 Single storey frame including a crane girder Continuous beam (plastic - plastic) Continuous beam (elastic - plastic) with limited redistribution SCOOT eee eee agen ee Continuous beam (elastic - plastic) without limited redistribution CSCO eyes a fe lel pt ppSOOO ooo geseeeeensneeenssescnaen A frame is braced by a bracing Bracing system imperfections for a system wind bracing 00 IPE%00 IPE400 we cog | /— !PE120-\ |-ipe 6o0—HEB profile as column ee I Cold formed RHS as a strut of a lattice girder Angle as a strut of a lattice girder eee] pt being designed ‘© Cold formed RHS \ (class 4 cross-section) Single span beam with lateral torsional buckling Ud Single span beam with shear buckling Class 4 cross-section loaded in verification bending vRHS column loaded in bending and HEA profile loaded in bending and i { axial compression axial compression Design of intermediate transverse stiffeners Axially loaded column supported by a beam Load introduction of wheel loads from cranes Beam supported by a beam (class 4 cross-section)Bolted connection of a tension member to a gusset plate Erection splice at mid span of a lattice girder eee . " ' ' i : t 44 20x17 Fin plate connection to H section columnBracket welded on a column 20k 350%120% 10 p 350110 x10 Welded beam to column connection Welded beam to column connection without stiffeners with stiffeners Annex A Tabled reduction factors for buckling curves a,, a, b, c, dPart 1 Load combination Methods of analysis Frame analysis Bracing system analysis1.1 Load combination These examples demonstrate how the design values of action effects (N.,, Voy, M,,, etc) are determined from the load assumptions. The further steps of design are not treated in this part. An action is a force (load) applied to the structure or an imposed deformation (e.g. temperature effects or settlements). Characteristic (unfactored) values of these actions are specified in ENV 1991 Eurocode 1 or other relevant loadings codes. These values of actions shall be multiplied by relevant safety factors and combination factors, see chapter "Combinations of actions" in ENV 1993 Eurocode 3 or Table 2.1 in the Essentials of Eurocode 3 to determine the design values of the effects of actions. The following examples show the method of determination of the maximum effects of actions. Not all possible combinations of actions are presented nor are relevant combinations worked out. In practice, one will collect experience to easily find out which load combination is decisive for verification of the structures. The following examples are included in this chapter: Example 1.1.1: Braced portal frame Example 1.1.2: Purlin treated as continuous beam Example 1.1.3: Single storey frame without crane girder Example 1.1.4: Crane girder Example 1.1.5: Single storey frame with a crane girder*(,) unjoo uy Buipeo; pum JO Paya ay} SjoBJa}UNOD peo] Peap jo aya ay) ‘papeau ae sanjea onsuayeseyo uBisap uonepundg; Joy ‘uBisep ayejd aseq JO} papaau s} soso} UONJee) WNWwixew ay! ‘uonoas -|p awWes ay) U! pajualJo si Buipeo jo Joaye aul “uonoal -IP BWES ay} U! pajuevO s! 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BY} JO UONEUIWWE}Ep ay} JO4 saya uoNepedwi ON $2010} esaye| WO JUsPUEdepuU! ase saoJ0) BulyeIg Jayja6o} Jor UBD SpeO] jeaYyM PUE SedJ0} [B9}E7 aay pepnjou! s! enBiye} ON Aseyuswiw0 @0UaJ0j0y N41 e'82 - = e'ZE- Sip = "ye N¥ 8'ZE - = OCL*Z'bePl'O°0S'l - d N4S'r = O'9*0'z*Sze'O"0'L :6 (as't + 6o'L) yoddns pus ayy ye yidn wnwixeW Jo} UONeUIqUIOD Peo] JUBAS/ay WN p'9L = O'9*EL*bL'O*OS't- = "WW CH WN 8'80Z - = 9'961 - 2'zb - = "SW WNY 9'96L - = O'O*OEL*Z'beFL'Oe0S'L - Nd WN Z'Zb - = ,0'9*O'zeSzt'Orse'l - :6 ((H + d)s‘t + Sse't) yoddns Jsauu! ay) ye JUBWOW LUNWIXeW JO} VOIPEUIqUUOD Peo] JUBAS|OY WN 6'9Z = O'9*EL*Ez'0°0S'| = "W CH (e) (2) WW) WN Z'6ZE = 6'ZzE + B'9 = "WH WF Wak” WN 6'2ZE = O'9*OEL*Z'L*EZ'0°0S'L id + + WN4 8'9 = ,0'9*0'z*E0z0'0"SE'L 6 d ((H + dst + Bse'L) (¢) yoddns ye aos0} uoNoeas KEW pUE JUaWOW Ueds-pilW XBW JO} UONBUIGWIOD peo] JUBAS|eY yoyeys ees ueds-piw je UOnIsod peo} ve UOHBOYUOA O}eYS PW] SFEWIIN JO) SUOFEUIGQWIOD peo] JUBAZIOY ‘€ N4YSL =7 saq10y Buyerg (oye ‘BuiGins ‘Buiqqeso 0} anp sadJo} jevere] ) NY EL = H 19010} [RJOJE] (uonejnojes Jo Ajesnd) z'L = 4! jua}oWje00 ojWeUAp & Aq peseesoU! eq IsNW Sspeo] jaa4yM NHOfL =d peo] |eaym w/N¥O'2 = 6 sueuewed suondwnsse peroy z W OO'E = eseq jeeyum 4 ot (weaq-ueds om) sapsj6 euesd uopjeunByuoo peo; pue weyshs Lk 2380 sep4j6 euesd :p",", ajdwexy uoneynajeD ‘Yyd}exS ‘wsa]qoldAsewuswuwos) 89U819j9H OL Hs't + 6se'L sepaj6 auess 04 sejnoipuedied +H +d + S)se'L saps auess 0} jajjesed weyshs Bujseiq oy} ye paljdde aq ysnw yoiym seos9j jeyUOZJJOY @Y4) Bujujwsejep 40) UONBUIqWIOD Peo] jUBAa|aY N4ZLE = Eleg'teos't = "A cH N41 S'p8E = b'PZe + L'OL = "A ——~ WZ N4 PPLE = OEL*Z'bO9'L*OS'L id tat N4 LOL = O'9*0'z*Sz9'Orse'l :6 ((H + d)s‘t + Sse't) (z) yoddns je aos0) seays KEW JO) UONBUIGWIOD PEO) JUBAS|aY yoyexs ees yioddns sauu! ye UoNsod peo} NAS'SE = CLeze'teos': = "FY cH N4Z'9pP = 6'Stb + C'0z = "y —— FZ HA NA 6'S2 = OEL*Z'b+ZB'L+OS'L id 4 N41 €'0% = O'9°0'Z*Sz'Lese'L :6 ((H + d)s't + Bse'L) (z) yoddns ye eos) uoNdee) XeW JO} UOHBUIGWOD peo] URASIaY yoyeys aes woddns seuu! je UoNIsod peo7 uoneynajeD ‘yo}eXS ‘Wwelqold re ee ceLL VR nyt N4 Opp = Py “suojoey Ajayes pened Nx 09 = "S "ty ym paydnujnusy Apeaije ase sapyi6 auesd jo speo7 (yeoman) sapsi6 eueso Woy peo) yoddns >4 lA w/N 24 = 7 oe w/N¥ O'L = a) zm w/N¥ O'L = 7M w/N4 6'L = 'm apis 49] Wo} pUIM sTI[TITITITiritit w/NYS'p = § :MOUS Wort *WU@LWa]a YRS JO} UONEU]GWOD peo JUBARIA! BUY ino Bulpuy Jo} O', = 74 uM sjuewow pue seo} w/N O'e = 6 queuRWwed jewaju) ey) Buyujwwayep Jo) Asoau; Japso ysuy Busy sJUaWOW Jo UONNG!Is|p pue UoOHeunByuos peo? “Zz O&r e4 sepes6 jea1S “ 009 dl :(€) pue (z) wee oe ¥ O0r 3H :(p) pue (1) uunjoo waysks L Jap4j6 ouess & Buypnjou; ewes Aoioys oj6uys :g°p", ajdwexy Aseyuawwos eoual9jey uoneinoje ‘yo}exS ‘wWelqold“‘paJapisuod eq |jeys sUuOHoePedw! JequUaW Palin} S| VOID S14} 4] Psy ‘o<¥ Hy} 2o<2 UOJ OY} YIM [(p)'z'p'2"s] payoajGau aq Aew suonsepeduuyy Jaq -Wwaw Jayyeym paxoayo aq JSNW }! SUWN|OS el} JO4 *pesepisuoo s| Mous pur yYyBjem-jjas Ajuo suo} -oapeduu| ABMs elu! ay} JO UOEUILUE}EP a4} JOS Zye Py wew - § pue p ‘¢ ye Sy Kew - (p) uwnjos ye Py ew - 18}98) -yo Guymojjo} ey} 0} Spee] UOHEUIQUIOD Ped] S/4) Aseyuswwog [p'2's asn6i5) ig's aiqeL [e'v'2's] 9S BGR ‘SLES (2'b'2's) ‘2"1-2's ((s)'1-ee"2] ‘Le BIgeL eouelejoy el NA LL = 002/Z'412 = de® = '4 N¥ 2'Z1z = O'SEL + 1'%8 = J NX 9'SEL = Z*2'Sps0S'L = “SAq :s 0} anp NY L'z@ = zep'Oesse'l = aq :6 0} anp '4 saouoy peyuoZoY yusjeainbg 00z/1 = (€O3-3 u! 9°S a1qe} Bas) “ayy = O — t=u!g =*ue- suonoojodw Aems jeiiuy oy) jo UOeU]Wa}eg Re ry + Py + (s + 6) Ge'L speo] oueso Bulpnjou! mous + yuaueued Ve UONIJJOA BPEYS PW] BJEWIN JO) SUONBUIGWIOD PEO] JUBAG/aY ‘€ sol, sof 4 we cg , st st < p'8z = /P "M = wenn iy = wy L SSE|O +—-- z'99 = 922 > p82 = 9'S/6S1 = 1/P p my 148M + | sseja ——- z'6 = 901 > 6'S = $'8/0S = 1/9 eBuely At 4 Z6'0 = 3 + OEP a4 SONI SSOUHDIYI-O}-UIPIM EZ €'SS ess Puig) Purdy ess ess w/N¥ L6'ZL = °b xew 00Z 3dI 10) UONNgINsip puswow Bujpueq onseid 72 (ww ,OL*1Lze = ") 002 Jdi :uesoyo —-- S£2-999'Lh *J-999'h 4 ae 4 WW OL 600 EFT 096Z) MA. g.%b z= ™M sjsAyeue jeqoj6 onsejd 1'z S]USWOW PUR SedJ0) JEUJO}U] JO UOPBUWIE}9q ‘Z 0 09 9 er WAAR ad! wyaeu="oT LETT TT TIT TTT rit Trt tiitit Py wayshs “1 (onseid - onsejd) weeq smonuguog :1 "Zz", ajdwexy uonenajey ‘yd}eHNS ‘WI/qOldPemole $! %S} JO UORNG|js|pPel —— %e'oL S “XK — (x + L)*2'6p = (x - 1)*69 Uo; -nquisipes Wwnwixew jo uoNeWyse eaew)xoddy “SUOIDES-SSOJO Z SSB/D JO | SSeID eABY SJeqWEWW ey) PUR (%S} JENbe enjeA wnwprew) Jequiew Aue ul jueWwoW pe}Ejnojeo yeed ey} Jo UoLNqUysIpal Aq pay|pow ee $}sAj -eue jeqo|6 onseje Guisn peyejnojeo spuewow ey) Aseyuewwos) [9°v's] ‘ees [he's a1geL ‘e’s] ‘O'S a19e1 [(e)'eL-2's) eoueJejoy OL WN 2'8S > WN L'bS = P'Ol*zr'O + Z'6r WN v'OL = 0'69*SL'0 pauinbas s! uoeoyeA Buljyong seays OU —-- S'€9 = 969 > O'0E = 1/p NA = "aa iy = Wy ee “ F ‘ p ry Z'99 = 322 > O'0E = 6'S/zz1 = /P 4 [daa + 2'6 = 201 > O'9 = 2'6/SS = 1/9 — :aBuely 2 4 26'0 = 2 —-- Ofp a4 SONNEI SSOUAIIYI-O}-YIPIM ZZ (ww .Olesez = “M) O22 3di ‘uasoyo +—-- A ell <0} 9'vE2 = DIT So . ara = EM 4S 9S 1 Lez Lez 701 * £85 om ces UONNQISIPas Jaye JUBWOW ZL 'Z 6% L697 Sez sez . 097 . 0'69 069 UONNgG!jS|pas BioJoq JUBWOW 1°1'Z sjsAyeue jeqo6 onsely |Z S}UQBWOW pUe SedJ0) JEUJE}U] JO UOMEU]WIa}9Qq *Z | ajdwexe ves wayshs "| syuaWoW Jo UORNGUIS|pas paywy] YM (oNseld - oNseja) Weeq snonuQUOD :z'Z"| ajdwexy uoneinajed ‘yd}eHS ‘Ws|qosd(9'r's] ‘e'e's [he's eiqeL ‘e’s] ‘O1's e1qeL Aseyuawwoyg B9UdJBjayY Zt pasinbay si uoneayuen Buryyong seays ou +—-- S'e9 = 969 > Of = /P May = "AR ly = Ny p . Z'99 = ZZ > OF = 6'S/ZZ1 = VP ‘ :q9M 2'6 = 901 > 0'9 = 2'6/SS = 1/9 rH I :eBuely ? + 26'0 = > +—~ OEb e4 SOME SSOUHSIYI-OL-UIPIM ZZ (ww ,01*sez = “A) Ozz 3d} :uasoyo —~ K ‘ - sl2 - 4 ) t64 C67 Sez Sez : 097 , 069 069 :UORNGIISIP JUBWOW sjsAjeue jeqoj6 onseyy L'z S]JU9WOW PUB S82J0} [BUJEU] JO UONEUJWIE}2Q “Z | ajdwexe sas wayshs ‘1 syUaWoUW Jo UORNGIS|ped jNoYYM (oAseId - ONseje) Weeq snonunUCD :¢°z*, ajdwexy uoneinajeD ‘yd}eHxS ‘We|qdldAueyuswwo (9'v's) ‘ees [e's eiqeL ‘€’s] ‘LES e1qey eousl8jay 8 pauinbas si uonedyuen Buljyong seays ou -—-- S'€9 = 969 > 9'0E = 1/p Pa = "Ml = Ay 5 - Z'99 = 922 > 9'0E = 2'9/061 = 1/p + "8M 2'6 = 901 > 1'9 = 8'6/0'09 = 1/0 mH T seBuely + 26'0 = > + Op e4 SOEs SSOUXIIYI-O1-YIPLM Z'Z (wus .OL*pze = "M) Ope Sd :uasoyo —-- A ww .or-o'vz = ——#4@__ - _ 4 2» ell Ob O92 = OTT L069 A Py M 69 , U6” SEZ SEZ : 0” 069 0'69 sjsAjeue yeqoj6 oyse|3 ‘Zz SJUGBWOW pUe $8210) [BUJA}U] JO UONPU]WIa}0Q ‘Z L @jdwexe ves wiayshs *} (onseje - onseje) weeq snonunuod :p°z"1 ajdwexy uoneinojey ‘yoexS ‘Welqold1.3 Frame analysis The first example demonstrates the application of the criterion “sway - non sway” and how the second order effects in the sway mode are included using first order analysis with amplified sway moments. The second example demonstrate how frame imperfections are determined. The further steps of design are not treated in this part. The following examples are included in this chapter: Example 1.3.1: Calculation of a sway frame Example 1.3.2: Determination of frame imperfections 19Sz-'O = o1t/e'et = ‘W/W 70494 WN4 8'EL = 000S/S‘re-008es'z = “W uonese}! suy Joye JUaWOW aBpe “W Bulpeo] jeojewnue 0} anp yuawow aBpe '; Bupeo) jeoyyewwAs 0} anp juawow eBpe “W (W/W - L/W + OW = (‘ysu09 = W/WY dais vonesey! yoea sayy :JUeWalnbey) Ww Hou WY AK? ‘(pepesu ae sdajs uonesay! Zz Ajjewson) pesn oq Aew ((¢)z'S'2's ul pauonuew) poyyew - W/WY eu) Ajeayeweyfy ‘oye ‘swayshs Buroeig ‘sew -BJ} SB SBINJONS JO} pasn aq pinoys Aoeyy Jepso puooces uayM UoHeoIpu! ue saaiG VOLE SIy) ‘yunoodoe O}U! Uae} ae SUOnO@PedW] JO Saye ey) UONeyep ey} Jo UONE|ND|eO Uy Uy 0'8 Ol-Oz6rl + aa -y cle?" Os \orozize ” yy ISISAJPUE SWI} JO} JUR}SUCD suonsepedu! jo syeye ey} JUNCD -o8 oyu! Buyey sisAyeue jeqo/6 ay) ul peulweyep eq Ajjesoue6 Aew sjuewow pure seoJo) jeusesu! oul “‘Bulpeo) ey) Ul pepnjoul s| SUONOB JO} JOJOR} Ajayes yeled oul Aaeyuswwoy ((p)'z's'2's] v's aqel [e'r2's] 9's aIqe1 Zeezs eousseajeyY 02 Aems se paijissejo $s} owes) 84} +—-- . wee OS HEY b'O < S2L'O 009 ;.0lS'be AX 8 (peo) Uonoepedw juajeainba ayy Bulpnjoul) NX pe = HS N¥ 008 = Ag Aems-uou - Aems uoyeqyd “bp sul, suf oo) vox) wy y we = yvLOE WSz‘g = 7 :UWN]OD Jo epow Aems-uoU 30} yyBue; Buyyong WW S'Pe = 9 :ABIO}S BY} JO UONOe\jep je}UOZOH on ‘OL UN ry Yyoyexs ees ‘UOHNQISIP JUBWOY) N4¥S'Zzz = "SA :weeq ey} UI (p) JUIOd Je 69/0) Jeays WUNLIKE| NA S'Zzp = "8N ——:(ZQ) UUN|OO UI UO|sseJdwOd jeIxe UNLUKeEY Bulpeo} Bulpeo| J9PsO ,,| 0} oNp s}UsWOW pUE S8d10j |BUJO}U] *E yeoujewyue feowjyewwAs N40'p = 002/008 = '3 00z/t = & N4 008 = 8*0S + O0¢*z = 4 suonoepeduy ewes ‘Z 0S 3d 7 € 002 002 Bujpeo] pue wayshs *) owes Aems & jo uopeingey :4°¢", ajdwexy uonenajeD ‘yo}exS ‘Wa|qoldHY Ace! Tr yoy Buymoyjo} ey; Aq way) BulAjdyinw Aq peseeiouy eq pjnoys sisAjeue onseje Japso ysuy Aq puno} sjuaWOW pUe sedJ0}) ;eUJe}U! Aems ay} poyjow juawow Aems pey!idwe ey) Uj Asequewwosy le pauinbad s} uolssaidwoo jeixe - Buipuaq uoyoese}u! —--- NH PLE = S'ZZeph'h + OOb > NY L‘6SL = ,Ole(L'bez)/SezeOrezzs = ““42/“pp N4z'089 = ™NSZ'‘O “ bh =< oma Pu ‘ N¥ 60252 = Ob Sezai hy N :uwnjod [b'p’s] L'e's uolssasdwioo jeixy pS painbas si seays - Buipuaq uoyoesayu! ou —-- NX Q'Eb = O'@ZerL'L + S'8L < NX E'OSL = “AS‘O / ibe) Wh BA bu. NX L'0Ze = ¢-Ob cee oroee Vy A cuwnjo pasinba: si seays - Buipueq uonoeseyu) OU +—-- N¥ pLEZ = S'ZZ*pL'L + 002 < NX ZOE = “AS‘O . hes meh ; Ny P'?SZ = 5-01 Sez ol 019 ay = PUA iweeg (9'p's] Eve's UONIGS-SSOID OY] JO BOURYSISe/ JEAYS C'S WN IpZz = 0b De-,0l-e8z1 = wh Hy = Pay r sez © ar (s‘p's] ‘z'e’s @oUk}s|se/ JUBWOW 2S NA Q'Eb = 2Zepl'h + S'BL = A N4 p'LeZ = S'2zeph't + O'00Z = "A N4 b'bep = S'ZZePh'l + O'00r = **, ww Zoy}— WN 81Z = Obbeps'h + 9'Z6 = "LW HY _ (saindwoos Aq uojejnojeo) uoNNquisip juUaWwoy) :Uos}uedWwos 404 phi = #210 _} = ASt xe =2 b [z9°2's] syuaWOW puke Saol0j peUJa,U| |S fe Vez’s syuswow Aems pay!jdwe yy Asoayy sapio 1 Buysn uoneoyya, “Ss uonenajey ‘YyojaHS ‘Wselqold eouesejay‘uBisep Jequew Jo) pasn eq Aew epow Aems-uou ey} Jo} syy6ue) Gulj49nq euejd-u! ‘pasn s! sisAjeue jeqoj6 oyseja Jepso pucoes UeYY Aaeyuewwoy [(e) 292s ‘VS's] ‘z's [6'p's] ‘v'e's eouasajay ce on bh ‘A sag wh e8zt = mM PAlIINY Ss! YO@YO Siu | > 86'0 = Ol “Seizeqgy * 880" ete SOO'L = 4 ——-S'L > SOO'L = L'L/eal‘orezo'o + 4 = L/ur-4 6'0 > 820'0- = 911'0 + (b- 8'Lez) 96'0 = 9 + (b- “Bz)" = 7 QLL'O = L- ,OL*OSLI/,Oleegzt = 1 -"M/"M = ? e€et'o = e'psez/o'rer = N/*SN = U O'Ler < NX e'pSeZ = _-Ob rt -6£€6'0 = ae 9% = PHI mI e-Ob SezcOl- ert rv 6ee6'0 = °X +—- q avuno Burpyong Buysn 6'66 Zhb ‘vd ear t | ~oreee 1? gO = e'| = "g — vonnqisip juawow ay} wol4 w g6'€ = 2 :uWNjOS jo y)Bua Bulpyong UWN|OS ey} Jo soUe}s|sal JOqWaW 9S . ; ; . se yy, ( 8.0282 ce oatyy (EN — WN O'8bZ=F1h'L-ObL + 9°26 < WNY Z'2S2 = b'PZe- Sizp be bb = Wipe - bP bbb = | N uojssesdwos jeyxe - Bujpueq UopoesezU] S°S UOHE|NIED ‘YDS “We|qoldAseyuswiwo’) lev'e's] weees (e'r'2's] ‘weees 99USJ3jJ9yH ee *U UI PapnjouU! ase SULUNIOD |Je JOJaJaU} ‘NH O'EGL UEUY JaYBIY si JOOY siy) ye ULUN|OD YoRa jo 89s} JeEIxe aU N4 9'6L = v/L'6PSL9S'O = b/Aqes'O = nes'0 suWN|Od Jed ,89J0} UO}IBaJ UBSW, 34) JO J/EH N4 L'6pSi = O'e*O'St*[S + O'OL + S'p + O'S) *SEL = “Ag 400 bk OS °U Ul PapNjoU ase SULUN|OD |je BOJQI94) ‘N¥ 9'ZOE UEYI JaYyBiy s! JOOY SIU) ye UWNjOD YoORS Jo a0J0j jeIKe ayy NX 9'20€ = b/p'09re*S'0 = b/*AZ*S'O = “AsS'0 SUWN|OD Jed ,@90) UONDBe/ UBAWW, al} JO j/eH N4 p'09bZ = O'e*0'SLe[(S + O'OL)*z + S'p + O'9JeSEL = SA 400) punouy L°1'Z Aasoys sod uoyoeed [BONW9A [e}OL |Z (s + d + 6) Se‘, eseo peoy ay) 10) suonoejsoduy ayy yo UONeUUe}aQq “Z cud Os nal sil 00'St wf w/NAS'b = s w/N40'S = d w/N4¥ O'OL = a) w/N10'9 = ‘6 Gujpeo| pue wayshs *1 suopoapeduy owed Jo uoeUujUaeg :z"E", ajdwexy uonenajed ‘Yd}eHS ‘Wwsaj/qoldbe ~ G N46'2 = Sie/e'Lie = "5 N46'Z = SLE/e'LL6 = “9 N4O'2 = Ste/e'ze9 = ™'y a sie/t = ® (€93-3 U! 9's 9/qGe) Bas) "AH = & — €="u!p = "ue “UU! Pepnjou! ese aojeJeu) pue sAoJO}s |e YBnosy) Pus|xe SULUNIOD |Iy uonoepedw Aems jepju) ey) jo UOPeU;Ws9}0g Z7°Z °U Ul PapnpoU! ese SULUNIOD [je alojaJEYy) ‘NY Z'6Z UEY) JeYyBiY S| JOO S1y} ye ULUNJOD YORe jo eoJ0 eI @YL NH Z'62 = b/6'Ze9"S'O = b/aces'o = "Aes'0 SULUN|OD Jad ,adJ0) UO!}IVe/ URW, aUy JO JIEH N4 6'ZE9 = O'e*0'Sie[S'p + O'g]*Se'l = "AT le'vz's) zEee's 4004) 2 EVE Aseyuewwoy eoualajay uonenajeyD ‘yod}eHxS ‘We|qold1.4 Bracing system analysis The first three examples demonstrate the application of the criterion “braced - unbraced". The fourth example demonstrates how bracing imperfections are determined. The further steps of design are not treated in this part. The following examples are included in this chapter: Example 1.4.1: A frame is braced by a bracing system Example 1.4.2: A frame is braced by a frame Example 1.4.3: A frame is braced by a bracing system Example 1.4.4: Bracing system imperfections for a wind bracing 25“OWE OY} JO SSOUYNS OY} UY) Jayees6 saw g ysea] je Ss} WaysAs Buloeg eyy jo SSOUYNS OY} J! PsdBIq se payissejo eq ABW owey y ‘eouR|sise/ juRoIIUBIsu! sey euCBeIp UoIssesdwoo 84} @dUIS) SSeUyNS WajsAs eu) a}E/ND/e9 0} pesn S| UOlsua} U! Papeo) jeuCBeIp Bulsesq ey) AjuD “Ayjeseyey peyoddns A\jny se payees} oq Aew ewes peowig y ‘ABMS SB Palj|SSE}O eq PjNod jjasy Weyshs Bujoeq @y) yeU) a]qssod $s] 1] JeAeMoH “(We}sAs BujoRIq eu) Ajuo Gunoaye se poyeosy ove ewes peowiq uo payjdde suonoapedwy Aems jenjul ey} snid speo} yeyuozvoy Aue ‘e'|) peejsuey ave speo| jejuozZy -OY BY} @INJONJS-qns JO euNjonsjs B JO Wed YoIYM OF uonesipul ue seai6 peseiqun - pasesg uoVe}s9 ey! Aueyuawwo0sy 92 bt, J S800) [EJUOZOY BY) YIM pajoalqns si wayshs Guloesq ey} pue peoesg se PaJap|suco aq Aew awes ay) avaym swajsAs-qns oyu! payesedas 10 wajsAs enbiun e se payejnajeo eq ued WaysAS panulUOd ay} +—-- S < Z0'€L = O'z211/oeest = “s/s lesz's) ©sS age1 ‘e7s UOHaND “by cag W/NY SEES) = T = Ss . 29'9Z80O «997 800- 01-Z'01- 000012 NW S90000'0 = ,01- vo Fi 9 ® Va 3 = : << iN WN er 3 waysks Bujoesg oy) jo SSOUYNS “EC g w/NA S'ZZbL = 7 = “4s ju ' Ol OE LEZ: 000012: & . yO OOZSP- 000012: € N4/W S8000'0 = ,0L-2- — wreaz 2 e0h-a- —“‘oss2. g @ co = yy :uondwnssy xp 13 = gk oa ~ . /W W sz ts ewes ay} Jo SSOUNNS "Z ge ¢ sspeuoBeip OOP S3dl “weeq tos.) ee 3 —wa Vv 02) 3H Z uwNjoo 5 . V 02} 3H z} UuNjoo sweyshs Buiesg 00 Sadi “weeq ” 007 3d oad! 00S Sdi “UWUN}OD rewely wayshs *} wayshs Bujoesg & Aq poowiq s] owey Y 5) "p") ajdwexy soUsJIjJ9yH uonjejnajed ‘yd}OxS ‘wa|qold"S@D/0} JEJUOZLOY Uy 3S/S@/ 0) peuBisep s} YoIYM Z’eWeY ay} pUE padesq SB Pelepisuce eq ABW | ewe) ey) eleym sowey -Qns oju) peyesedes eq Aew wayshs panujuos ey, “| @uUey Oy} JO SseU “Ns ey} UeYy Joyee6 sa ¢ S| Z’eWeL Jo sseU -HNS ely j! paedeiq se peyssejo eq Aew jewels “speo| JeyOZHOY |/e yS|Se1 0} WHS AjUsIoWsNs S| y Ey wajsAs Bujowq & se pewnsse oq Aew owey y Aseyuewwoy Zé Zawey prewey H paceiq se polepisuoo aq Aew jewel —-- [e's'z's) rises < 62'S = 6'S8/pSp = b™S/P NS eS e1qe] ‘E°z's uouayiD ‘p g w/NA O'PSP = 7 = zug w . 0108026: 000012: & ,01- 0026S: 000012: NA/W 2Z00'0 = Ol ——Gopagig = HZ “Dorcas oo = WW :uondwnssy xp 13 =Q bt = . iW W os bad Z'OWE BU} JO SSBUYNS “€ g w/NA 6'S8 = + = pws yOL- OLZLL- O000L2-€ yOb-0SP01- 000012: € NA/W QLLO'O = ,Ol-2- 09-05 + gOl-2: ors = 9 oo = Wy cuondwnssy xp 14 =QR <_ — /WW 0s led [awed ey) Jo SSAUYNS ‘Z zg ewesy jawed rrr t wnt, 009 3Sdi = -Weeq Ss W 00€ 3H :uwnjoo 2 ewes OCE Sdi = :weaq y¥09¢ 3H = ‘uwnjoo tL ewes 0093¢1 EE 31 wayshg "4 ewey & Aq paoeiq s| owed y :z*p | ajdwiexy uoHeinajeg “Yyo}exS ‘wWa|qold aoueJejeH"S8QI0) JeyuoZVOY sy) Isise/ 0} peuBisep s} Weishs Bujoesq eu) pue pacesg se paseprsuca eq Aew ewes oy) “@lWRJ} OY} JO SSOUYNS oY) UBYY JayeeI5 SOI} G jsbO] Je S| WaysAs BujoBq @4) JO SSeU -HNS ey) }! paokq se paylssejo eq Aew ewe ay) *(peuaysues eq UBD $edJ0} UOIS -saJdWOd a} Je} YONS Peo} eq ysnw sjeucBeEIp @y} JO SUONO@UUOD ay) PaJaplsuos ese sjeucBeIp Ujoq ssauyns - waysAs ay} Jo UOHEINO/e9 aU) 104 Asequewwoy 82 [e's'2's) e's eIge, ‘ez'S peorig Se pelepsucd eq pjnos awe ey) +—- —-+ S < g'€l = 9'e6z/e'esor = “S/S H UOHAIND ‘b 9 win e'esor = 7 = 7S vOL-OELEZ-OO00IZ-E ,O1- OELEZ-000012-& + N4/W L?9PZ000'0 = gOL-2-S'2- 266° g01-2-0'S- £81 201'S'P8-00001Z 201 S*r2- 000012 201 Z'E1- 000012 . 20L- S'r8- 000012 7 + TT. an FO Tan: * 2 o aele nen “i 2 aa aaa 20l-0S-25°0 s0l-05 p0l-2 Per 6: P60 eOh-2-0'8- 2220 13 v3 Pwns” P?iNN/”* waysks Bujoeiq oy} JO SSOUNS "C ‘ g V w/NA 8'66z = 7 = 's ju ' ,Ol- O€LEZ- O000L2- & yOl- OF LEZ 000012: € = ‘co 4 + ‘oc’ _——5 ran = N4/W E000 ole ——"“ srr ela 08 0P Q ya: 13 Vir. <_ com ya vondunssy xP ag fo Py J eI G ied OWE OY} JO SSOUNS 7 " 00st ye ” 00°St ‘ OZ Sdi :seuo6eiq vg | 023d! 00% adi 00+ 3d! :weeq 90 OOF Sd tuwnjoo = : waysAs Bujoeg 00% Sdi sweeq 00% 3d! 00%3dI OOP Sdi tuuunjoo ‘ewe i Ke 5 < waysks *|} wa}shs Bujoesg & Aq pooeig s] ewey y rep") a}dwexy sousl9joy uonenayey ‘YydJeHXS ‘WselqoldSUONSaPedW! eu! ay) JO S}JOaye ayy - $90bJq }! YOIyM Sew -BJ} 84) 0} paljdde speo) jeyuoZz0Y Aue - wa}shs Bujoeg ayy uo Ajoasip parjdde speo Aue - [(9)'e's'2's] jsisa) 0) pauBisep aq 0} sey wajsAs Guloesq aul wee ey) jo Yidep - Y sg‘, = 4k Aueyuaswiwos [s'2's asn6i4) a's aiqey (s'z°s eun614) ‘e's ajqey [p'p'2's] 8's eqe) ‘2's eqey ‘Weees [(€)'p'p'2's) 8's e1ge) BOUdIBJOH 62 0002/7 = ww ol > ww s'6 = 9 — NAZEL = 2/"8*g = 'q N4 b'9z = b/Oz*(O'E + 82'Z) = *g M + bg Woy speo) jaued juajeainby -- => + m + bg ae Bursesq pum ay) Uo paydde sped) je}o} ayy wayshs Bursesq ayy jo ¢ UONEWOJap ay) jo UONeUIWIE}EQq “Py Winn 822 * sogig oF "> S “to tt we COO TT} by aouoy Bulzyiqeys yuajeainb3 — N4OOLE = Sézey = NG O'L = J —- (sjaued yo saquinu) sg = “u (paureyse) aq 0} sJequuew jo Jequwinu) =p = ‘U Wun —_— 0002/1 UeY} Jamo] si 9 UONDSeyeP je}O) ay) :UONdWNssy suonssjiedwy wayshs Buloeiq ayy yo UoNeUIWa}ag “ft a) PS M eS ‘nN on N4S2zZ = v'0/OLle = U/S~W = ™N :wayshs Buloeg ay) uo paijdde aoJo) jexy WN OLE = "SW wW/N4O'E = O'ZeS'L = M sy —wsygh say ose J001 @Y} JO UONDa[o1g Buypeo7 *z Burseq OOr Sdi Zz puoyo Vv 021 3H th puoug Sx0Px09 11 syeuoBeig :Bulowg 00+ Sdi ssweeq 00S Sdi suwWNjOD sees wayshs *| Gujoeig pul & 10) SUOHoajJodwy Wajshs Bujseig pp’, ajduexg uoneingjen ‘YyojeHs ‘WwelqoldPart 2 Members in compression Members in bending Combined loading - Bending and compression Local stresses 302.1 Members in compression These examples demonstrate the verification of members in compression assuming design values of action effects (N,,) which have been calculated by an analysis of the structure and these values already include y, y, etc. The results presented in the examples are rounded values. For the purpose of easy re-calculation each formula and each check is calculated with the rounded values. The following examples are included in this chapter: Example 2.1.1: Example 2.1.2: Example 2.1.3: Example 2.1.4: Example 2.1.5: Circular hollow section as a column HEB profile as column Cold formed RHS as a strut of a lattice girder Angle as a strut of a lattice girder Cold formed RHS (class 4 cross-section) 31¥ xipuaddy ul sajqe} 9as ‘X yo uoNeUIWe}Eg “*sBulpeo} OU) ISIS8) 0} BANO9Ye S! UONDeS-ssOJD BJOYM eUL »Paj}OJ OU, S! .PaysiUyy JOU, JO} pasn ¢ eposo/Ny u! Bulpsom eyL Asequawwod (e's's e1qey ‘1'S°s) b2's eGR L ‘zP'S [he's e1qeL ‘e’s] ‘6S 819F1 ‘LES BIUSIBJ98yY 2 Lh uy | = — ‘oO= X= PuS NA 009 < NY 6'009 = Ol coop ppg BLz8'0 = 2 N €226'0 = "X —-- 8 evino Burjyong Buysn _, . S86 _6'SL ‘I Sr'O= “TV prose bat wos'eé =? :yy6ua] Buypyong eoue}s|sol JOQWweW Z's +cat oy v= | 06 = ,906 > Z'8h = S'b/L'6Lz = 1/p sa O'L = > —— 096 a4 ONes SSOUHD/Y}-O}-J9}OWRIG LC 2 SOUR}S/SO/ OY) JO UONEUIWI9}0Q “E “ w 3| (8 N4 009 = "Ny 190J0) UOIssesdWOD S Bujpeo) °z * . WoOS'é =? = yrGue| Bulpjong = yyBue| wayshg O9€ e4 repes6 jaa} Paysiuy yoy S'p X L'61Z SHO ‘uWN|OD PS wayshg *1 UWNJOI B SB UONIeS MO}oY seINIID 24 °,°Z ajdwexy uonenajey ‘yojyays ‘walqoidy xipueddy ul sajqey aas ‘X yo uoeulUe}eq y xipueddy uy sejqe} eas ‘X jo uoeUsLWJ9}e8q ‘syyGue) eajoaye eyeldosdde yim Uolses ay} JO sexe jedioulid om) ay} 0} Bujpsoooe pexseyo @q 0} spaeu sJaquaw Uo|ssesdWwod jo Ajiiqeis ay, ‘sBulpeo] OU} JSIS@J O} GANOBYS S$} UONO@S-SSOJO BjOYUM OY i— _—? OOOE — 0009 ‘[L'z"g xeuuy] uondwnsse ejdwis & uo peseq s} ujGue; Bupjong ey) jo UoHeUlWeJep ey) Asequewiwoy (ess aiqey ‘4°S'S) 12's age) ‘2"p's [e's's eiqe, ‘1'S'S) 12'S @IGRL ‘z'p's [he's e1qeL ‘e’s] ‘6S eIGEL ‘LES eouasejoHY ee Mh Nh oy Bu = a ‘o= 7X 2 Poa N4 0062 < N4 9'9062 = ¢-0b coz) py HELE = x N LEL6'O = °X —-- 9 anuno Buljy9nq Gursn jeg = 886, 8 _ A Lt, 0-92 1 4 = wyp9'z = 9 = :yy6ua) Bulyong s|xe yeam ayy ynoge Buljyong z7'e BOUR}SISAl IBQWaW ZC N4 0062 < N¥ 9'600€ = ¢-OL ut -SSr6'0 = mn ay = PH ent See 201 6Pb ay gsp6'0 = °X —-- q anno Buijyong Buisn ‘ 686 of eX , se'0 = Pre'O 1 prop 14 x woz'p = 4 :yy6ua; Buljyong sjxe Buows euy ynoge Buyjyong 4°z'€ @OUR}s|Sol JEqWaYW Zz v= My ==> - zy = p> eel = ii/eoz= WP: 802 [3A abe e SL = 9G > 6'Z = 61/0S1 = 1/9 ebuel Fee 61 OL sje ose a4 ONes SSBUyxDIYI-OF-UIPIM LE @QUE}SISA/ OY} JO UONEU]WIA}EG *E N»4 0062 = °N {@d10} UOISSaIdWOD) Buipeo? ‘z W 99'z = W O'e*e8'0 = 7 woz'p = Wo'gez'0 = 9 :ysGua) Buyyong wo'9=7 :yj6ua] WayshS O9E @4 rapesB jaays 9 O0€ 3H :uwNjoD uolneynajey ‘YydjeHS ‘Wslqoid wajyshg *} uwnjoo se ajyoud @3H :Z"1°Z a}dwexyy xipueddy u! sajqe) aes 'X jo uoNeUIWe}ag .06 JO Spuaq » = U Bunjos pjoo sop 2 = ¥ jeeyew oiseq yo yjBuays pjeiA = “4 A yGuens pjeiA eBesene = “y y xlpueddy u) sajqe} ees 'X jo UONeUILWUE}Eg ‘sjoaye Arepuodes jo vonnquy “SIPaJ JO asneoaq Asessedeu s| Z ssejD ‘sBuipeo| @U} ISISAJ 0} BAND@ye S} UOIIDES-ssOlD BjOUM eu ‘uBlsep von ~0@UU09 9y} JO Sjoedse jsoo pure jeonoed ay} Buu -BPISUOD BPeEW eq Pinoys eljoud ey) jo BJOYo eUL [(Uonesedaid ul) wy xeuuy) ‘Bulpyong eueld jO JNO puUe U! 10) ]*Gz'0 Se UsHe) oq UBS BuUeyeEy pue Buiddoss jnoyym Jeyawed ey) punoe pepjam s6ujoesq UONoes MO}|OY jo yGue] Buljyong ey Aseyuawwosy (e's's aiqey ‘2S°¢ “Big ‘p'1's's) le's's aiqe g's] 12's e1qe1 ‘z's [he's aiqe, '€’S] ‘6S 81981 ‘LES eaouds98j0y 2ww/N 6082 = (Sez - o9e) == —— + sez = (“4 - %)) a5 ° Ce Lh tA > ‘os « . 4 Oy = bu NY OL < NA L'9L = 0b EoBZ HT Tye SOOO = LY N $e9r'o = °X —-- 9 aasno Buljyong Buisn 6's8 si ‘ez YY . 6'08z "No t prsee bat <~~ 898" Oooorz| * >| ver ;ww/N zez = “yz'h > zww/N oge = “y > Leo Vv wh perl } “y yBuens pjoiA eBeseae oy Buysn Aq uojesypien ovQeuayy LL hg " = a ee ‘9 = 1% = Ps NA OL < NY E'BL = 0b Gozo pg Slus'O = ZT N 6LZS'0 = °X —— q enuno Burjyong Buisn 6's6 Lez Y| vol= —Toreee 17 |< wsz'z =23 :yy6ua) Bulpjong SUE}S/SO/ JOQWOW Z'E y="V BE = 9B > ZZ) = '2/E'1S = VP ww e's = 62-09 = 1 -Gq=Pp OL = 3+— 09F 84 ONEI SSOUHS/UI-OF-YIPIM LC @2UR}S/S0/ OY) JO UONBU]WIEIEQ “¢ cutie’ N4 OZ = SN 19030} uo|ssesdwoD ry / NX Bulpeot ‘z e080 AN weveq wsz7'2 = wo'eesz'o = 7 = :yyGue] Buypjong WO'g=7 :4ysBue] Weyshs O9E 84 sepes6 jeais | pewsoj pjoo 6'Z XO9SHH INNS peutheap Bureq suse worehg 2opyj6 come] @ Jo INNS B SV SHY POWs} PIOD :¢°|'Z ajdwexy uoHeinajeD ‘Yyd}eHS ‘Ws|qold"y xipueddy uy) sejqe) eas ‘X jo uoHeU;We}eq ‘]EONUS SI A SIxe YEEM ey} Noge BuljyoNg ‘sBulpeo} OU} JSISO 0} BAND@Ye S| UOI}O@S-SSOJD BjOYM ey) UeeS'0 > q UeyM ‘ealsjoep AjUO UO}JE]N0 — Sel = 9S > OL = 01/001 = Wy *seseo Yons UJ Pasn oes SseWepuE|s GANSeYe Ue pur pepe/Beu oq Aew UoSeUUCd ey} JO Sel}JoLjUs009 oul “10') se Uexe} s! ejGue ue se Jequiew gem 8 jo UBug] BAnoeye euy (pepjem Jo s}joq Z SEO] Je “Bra) Ayxy eyeydosdde Ajddns suojoeuuos pue ay} pue jujeyses pue eyeydodde Ajddns spoyo ey y Asequewwog le's's eiqeL “4°S's) 12'S e1qeL ‘ZP's (res eigen ‘es] ‘6's aiqey ‘L'e'S BIUGIIJOY Se ih Ly = ee ‘O = PX = Poa NY OOL < NY O'ZLL = Ol Glz-,0l- 26h Svez'o = x—-** N 08"! = 20'%*2'0 + Se'O = “¥Z'0 + Se'0 = *"" -— 9'Ol = 9S'kL > OL = 26'0 = 9 ——— Or 24 SOUE}S/SO/ OU} JO UONBUJWIE}0Qq “E N4 001 = "§N wos'e =7 wos'é = 7 Ot e3 eV Srez'o = °X —-- 9 avuno Buljyong Buisn . . 898 S'6L yo", 0g" TT" orose "Ft wos'e =2 :yy6ua; Buyyong BOUR}SISAs JOQWeYW ZC LA OBI SSOUNINYI-O}-EPIM LE v=" 0z/00z = 12/(4+4) {@Qu0) UOIsseJdWwO7) Bulpeo ip were TT :yBue| Buypjong syyBue; weyshs g sepes6 jeais | O}x0OK7 = oanaAs | L waishs *) 40paj6 eopje] @ jo ynys e& se oGuy y"|"z ajdwexy uoneynajey ‘yd}eHS ‘wslgold“‘UONDaS » SSD JO asneseq '"L jo asn ——— pauinba: $} UONBIUEA UONDeS-SsOJ9 AjuO ‘a"| ‘AURSSedeU $1 Guiyang 10} eauemolje OU Z'D > ¥ JO asNedag ‘yunoooe O}U! Uae} 8g 0} sey y OF "*y Jo ON eUy jnq ‘ssauJapua|s jeEUOISUaWIP-UOU ay} @U/WJaj}ap 0} pesn si uonoes ssou6 ayy yo uoNeJAG jo snipe, ayy *paJepisuoo @q 0} Spaeu juaWwoW |eUONIppe ou Uay} ‘UOIssald “WOO LWJOJUN 0} Oalqns Ss! UONDeS SSOJO BANOAye SY) UBYM SIXe JEPIONUES OY} JO YIYS OU S! JEU) SY s}UaWa|a UO!sseJdWO9 JO} “4 jo siseq ely UO pa} -Binojeo ase seledosd UONOeS-sSOlD BANDOYWe SUL “‘PaUlWWajep oq 0} eAeY semedoid UONDaS-SSO/D BANDAYe eU} esOJQEY4) ‘sGulpeo] ayy }SISOJ O} BANO@Y9 JOU S| UONOES-SSOJD BjOYUM UL Aseyuawwos [1's°s) ‘z's (ze's aiqey ‘se’s] 81'S BIEL ‘SES [Ves age, ‘e’s) ‘6S BIE) ‘L'E'S eousl8jay 9€ ‘ ‘ - a = _ = PHN N} O'00ZE < NY E'Z9ZE = ¢-OL GSE: 201: v2 LOL Py xe go> soyo- MOEA OL Os WAL L= 20> Z8b0° orpzior|° + ~ohoge y| pay t wos'z =? :yy6ue) Buljyong eourjsises Buypyong ¢'¢ WW OL-be'LOL = (80 - 92€)*O'Ber - ,OLeezL = (P-ghp-y = "V WW 80 = O0r*ZZ'0 = Qed = "’p d 210' zt ‘at tat ‘o- = - =d 40° Fo- BIO! ZO - *¥ wi . . _ 8'99 2g" ’ “yf 2 pez e19'0 < stot = Eepeay = 8 I. =*y !wwgse =ie-q=q "I. €z'l = 9/L + OLS e4 O've = 2Zp < 2p = 0'8/92E = /P ww 9/€ = O'B*E- 00h = 1E-G=Pp 18'0 = 2 + O15 e4 Ofes SSOUYD|YI-O}-UIPIM bE @OUR}S/SE/ BY) JO UONBUIWIE}0Q “f 0052 N» Ooze = "§N 190N0) UOISseJdWOD Bujpeo) ‘z wos'z =? = :yy6ue; Buyyong wos'z =1 :yBue} weyshs OS e4 :epes6 jaejS Peo} Pjoo ‘ O's x OOP SHH veqwew UolsseidWwos Yy jo UONeUTWIE}EQq Z'E 4 PSN weyshs "| (uojses-ssouo p ssej9) SHY Pew) PIOD :G*|°z ajdwexy uoHeNaeD ‘yd}exS ‘Ws|qold2.2 Members in bending Examples 1, 2 and 3 demonstrate the verification of members in bending assuming design values of action effects (V,,, M,,, etc) which are calculated by an analysis of the sub-structure. Example 4 demonstrates the verification of members in bending assuming design values of action effects (V,,, M,,. etc) which have been calculated by an analysis of the structure and these values already include w, y, etc. The results presented in the examples are rounded values. For the purpose of easy re-calculation each formula and each check is calculated with the rounded values. The following examples are included in this chapter: Example 2.2.1: Single span beam Example 2.2.2: Single span beam with lateral torsional buckling Example 2.2.3: Single span beam with shear buckling verification Example 2.2.4: Class 4 cross-section loaded in bending 37‘pajapisuoo aq AjjeWJou Jou paau uoleoyen Bulpyong seays ay} SUO!}Oes paljos JO4 “seiqe} uoIsuawip ayeudosdde Aq @PEW aq PjNOD SUONDaS-SSOJO JO UONEDIJISSE/O ay) ‘UOHOe B|QEUeA @UO Se paJapisuco ase Aayy Jayjo yore Woy juap -uadapu! jou ae g pue d spec] pasodwi ey) souls ‘o78 ‘JOO JO JYBJam ay} SepNjoU! peo] pesg ‘pesn ase sejqe} uo|sueWwIp “oye | “YY 'M ‘") “| semedoid uojses-ssolo ay) Biujweyep Jo4 “syoddns ey) ye pawnsse ae sjuesjseJ [eJa}e7 ‘uonoauuod pauuld Ajjeu -1wou e Aq peyeuuos si sepii6 epis e ueds piw iy Asequawwoy [hes aiqey ‘e’s] O'S aIGeL ‘LES [(s) veez] bz 819k SES woo's =7 Otr e4 99uUaJ3j8y Be pauinbas s| uoeoyuean Guyjyong seays OU —--- S'e9 = 269 > Bly = 3/P a = Henn = My eee p'OZ = 368 > O'Lp = z'OL/9zb = /P [8M LOL = 21L > €'9 = 91/001 = 1/9 :aBuel4 ‘pot 26'0 = > —~ Ofb 84 Sones SSOUXS|YI-O}-UIPIAA LP 5 SOUE]SISA] OY} JO UONEUIWI2}9Q “P 7S9L NA ¥'SbL = zZ/Ze(O's*s't + O'e*Se'L) + Z/OpLeS'E = Y= 7A = N¥ SOL = 2/OpLes't = "a (A) SOL 9S7 Ze WN 2'8eh = b/Z*ObLes'L + 8/,22(O'SeS'L + O'E*Se'L) = SW S}USWOW PUP SBdI0) [BUIOB}U] “€ rw © S@) ld + djes't + Bese't 6 TOLLE EEL 1@SBD PO] SIU] JO UONEUIQWOD PEO] JUBAS|aY d fTLTIIIILLLIIT It N4 Opl = d ‘w/N¥0'S = d :peo| pasodiy| w/N4 O's = 6 :peo| peeg t Bulpeo7 ‘z :yyBue] wejsAs use OSE OSE , sepes6 ees 00S Sdl uepij6 ue 1290 wayshs “4 weeq ueds ajbuls :p-z"z ajdwexy uoneinajed ‘Yyo}exS “Wea|qosd‘ueds ouyy yey s} yyGue] Buyjyonq ey) yoddns feseye| @ sapiaoid yoy Jepsi6 epis 84} 0} eng [9'p's] € 03 Uy UeA!6 eejnwo} eu} Buysn Aq senjea J06s8| sepisuos 0} pemoyje s! } 2UW OOLS = Z'01*00S = “ey = “V Aseyuawwo0s [bp age, ‘Zb'b] Mp 81981 ‘2p [es‘s] ‘e'r's [z'p's] ‘v'e's (9'p's) ‘ees eousl9j0y 6e Pal|iny ase suoepuawwooe Eg 93 —-- OSz/i > O2S/i = Ww EE'z = E60 + PLL = “9 OOe/i > pigs) = ww py) vonsayap Wwnuixey :Speo| pasodwi! 0} anp voNsayaq 101 0028%-000012 gy y0l-00@ay-000012 pee 13 G13 Pee 2, w0b OL OFF p * H0b “or 0g § “gat pb sg ww ¢6'0 = . rl 00z8r- C0001 12 vee . 13 wee SPO] PRap 0} anp uOHoe}}Eq €6'0 = 2,01 LOE 5° abs dO'L + 40°, + 60) :uoNeuiquwos peo; jurvajay uoneayen Ayiqeaaiases °S . 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' *y! 9 y'ez Lu ‘ tp = FRE og, - 7OREE PL ty soo = p=4 £29'0 < 180't = “5 —-0'0SI i) VP 1: q 2WUW ,01°6'E0Z = Z*0Z*00€ + Be(S*z/z+e6S+ 221 +S9z) = "Y O'L = 9/1 +—~ 09€ 84 aansaye Ajjny s| eBuely [s‘e’s] ‘s'e’s gem ayy jo Jo UOeU;WIA}9Q ZC [9'¥'s] ‘ee's pesinbes s} uoneoyyeA Buyyong seeys +—--- E'22 = "4/90E < O'OSI = 1/P GL'h [e) ove'g = = py * Pe'S= - + pe'g = *¥ ——O'L < Sz'l = 00z1/001z = p/e (e'9°s] ‘z's'p's "AA jO UONBUIWIE}Eg +—- O'pZL = >pzl < O'OSI = 8/00z! = 1/P 109M aanseyea Any si aGuely —-- O'vL = 9 > 6'9 = O2/é'Bel = 1/9 ww 6'BEL = Sez -2/8-OSt = 9 seBuely [Les eiqey O'L = > +—~ O98 a4 ‘JUNODOB O}U] UaHe} oe SPjaM ‘e’s) SONCI SSOUHYD/Y}-O}-YIPLM LE GY} SUONDAS-SSOJD Papjem jO UOHeOyISSe|O oy) Ag te SOUETSISO] OY} JO UONCU]WIA}EQ "E wNNOTD N41 0'002 = "SA 290} JE@YS Yyojeaxs Ges :UORNUsIp jUaWwOW Bulpueg &) smn ® 6upeol z ‘O2 "00€, oge e4 rapes6 jaajs 4 ww sg =e YoJeyS 8S SUOISUBLIG , mut ) :qam pue aBuey usemjeq ssouyoiys yeouyy UoNOeS Papjem = ‘weeg B jo Ved poo: 7WW ,OL*O9ZL9S = | ,Ww ,O1-91z = ¥ ozo0e wayshs *1 saqedoid uojDes-sso15 Gujpueg uj pepeo| uonses-ssouo p sseiQ :p*z'z ajdwexy Asequawwoy eoueJejoy uoneinajeD ‘yo}exS ‘Wsa|qoldaBuey vorsuey ey} ul snooo seBuly eBuey yjog ejdwexe si) Uj “@OU0) JEOYS OY) OY) Seed qam ey) ys|]UM sjuewoWw ey) Aveo sebuey ey) AjUD pejueseid s} uoNeoyen esioesd alow y UOHBIYEA eSIOeJd BJOW B @SN JO —- oles odse oy) eseasoep JO +— eyejd 184914) B esN — BJOJBIOU} *P9liij|N} JOU S} OLED Aseyuswwoy SP 2WW/N L291 = S'ES - 2S'ES + ,0'9S-E - GEZP= h- ph+ Mig - “yh = So [(b)"b"p'9"S] * - ,ww/N S'ES = (8'6L-z)uIS*O'9SeS'| = (z)uIs “sg'| = A 8'6L = s‘1/e =o suondwinsse SAl}eAaSU0D (zv'9's] + - .2'62 = 0012/0021 ue}e = e/p URE = @ Ploy) UofsUe} ay} Jo YJBuUa|s ay) Jo UONeUWId}Eg E'P'e I*L/Sez- 02-008 oma Ay \ sa |- L| S€2- 202: 00: S2’o = (rare) - | 4 vaso = “YW z WN ¥6'S = 5 OL: lees I e0l- 2805 I L/SE%- 02: OOE WN 062 = o Ol: | s01-9°686 ~ | SEZ: 202- 00€:Sz'0 = *\ hasz'o = raw 2 a a N4¥ 2'80S = ,01(0z - Opzt)/oz9 = (s- U/W = "*'N “4e] 84) UO N4 9°86 = .01°(Oz - Ovzi)/oozt = (4 - u)/*sw = *§"'N wyBu ayy uD [(p)"b'p'9"s): - MW eouR}s|ses UEWOW oNse|d peonpes ey) jo UONeU;WIE}ag Z"P'E ,ww/N O'9S = ,9SS'1/1-E//sez = {“K/beEA/“y = “Se —~ G2", < ggs'L = “K [(2)"b''9"s] - yyGueys Buyjyong seeys jeu tp'e [z-9’s] :- €5Sz't = p/e S| yuewenbey [p'9's] ‘- poyjew pjay uojsua} Buysn uoyeoyjjien Buyjyong seays p's paysyes you s} UoUayD —~ Mh mA NA O'002 > NI 1'S89= Ol Sere oo “Ap A zww/N Sez = 95S'1/6'Ore//sez = “x/6'O¢EA/™) = “4 gre'g-r'ze ‘aye 2'k < ggs'h = OSI —ap [9's] ‘s*p’s ~Poyyew jBon|40-}s0d ajdwys, Buysn qam jo UoWeoy}eA Guljyong seays Cf eoUuaJeJoH uoneynajeyd ‘Yyo}eHxS ‘Wa}qold9p Pu > PSw yo esneoeq Aressaoeu jou +—-- Bupjonq seeys - Guipueq uonoeseyu BP’ [(\)'erz'9°s] | - WN O'00ZL < WN B'E9SI = 1'L/,OleSez*(Oz + O0ZL)*Oz*00E = “ML/"4 (4+ P) y= WW ((t)'e"z'9's] | - Ajuo seBuey ey) Buyepjsucs yuewow sourjs}se UBysop ey) jo UOMeUlWIE}0Qq Z*P'E pauinbeu s} seays - Buipueq uonoese}u! +—-- N4 B'6se = ™*As'O < 004 < . = I bt e es a Pay NA 004 < NY PLZZ = ©-Ol Telus Tole ere 6000S 8-002) gus ™o NO60+* 4p {()'br'9's] {- souRysises Buyyong seeys 9'b't WW Z‘b9 = 8'6L UIS*(9'E6E - SZZ - OOLZ) - 8°61 SO9*QOZL = @ Ulse("'s -"’s - e) - @ SOOep = B ((e)"b'p'9's) ¢ - P12) UO!SUD} OY} JO YIPIM S*P'e g’éius TON) ous © a 2° yl 2 4 | Z MFA ay z ——_* ® Pia) Uojsua, oy jo syyBue eBeioysuy p'p'c L'Z91-8 o0- ¥6'S ww 9668 = 291-8 901l-06'2 ww G/z = ((e)"L-p'9's) | - Aseyuawwosy eoues9jeHY uoneinajeD ‘yo}eHS ‘welqosd2.3 Combined loading - Bending and compression These examples demonstrate the verification of members loaded by the combination of bending and compression assuming design values of action effects (N,,, Vsq, Mgq, etc) which have been calculated by an analysis of the structure and these values already include y, y, etc. The second order effects are considered by using first order elastic analysis with sway-mode buckling lengths. The results presented in the examples are rounded values. For the purpose of easy re-calculation each formula and each check is calculated with the rounded values. The following examples are included in this chapter: Example 2.3.1: RHS column loaded in bending and axial compression Example 2.3.2: HEA profile loaded in bending and axial compression Example 2.3.3: Column of a frame Example 2.3.4: Rafter of a frame 47*(L Ueg) juewBas ys1y Oy) Jo YOOYD ey ul papnjou! s} apow Bulpyong uwnjoo jeqoj6 ey) ‘syyBua Buiyong epow-Aems yyim sishjeue Japio 3si} Bursn Aq (z weg pue | Weg) sjuewGes JENPIAIpU! OM) BU} JO} apeW s! yO@YD BuljyoNg ey) ‘PaJepisuod aq 0} JOU AjjeWJoU paou uoneoyiean Guyyong seeys ay} SUO!Oes Palo! JOY “@pew JOU S| 4OeYd jeUY SIU, “@PEW eq 0} Sey YO@YD JEU B UMOUY Ss} LOH -NQUISIP SSeJjs [ees ey} UB, ‘PeJepIsUCS s} qam au) u! Gulpuaq and jo uoNNqsip sseys eB Assy “S9/qQe} UO!SUaWIP a}edosdde Aq PEW 9q PjNOD SUONDeS-SSOID JO UONBOIISSE}O ay! "speo| paijdde 8} eU!WJa}ep Oo} ssAyeue yeqoj6 ey) u! papnjou! eJe suo|epyedU! jeqo|s ‘pepnjou! aie siojoey peo7 aunyesay!| ayy Buysn uopejnojeo ajesedas e Aq paujwajep ae syujbue) Buyjyong ayy “pasn ae sejqe} UoIsueWIp “oVe | “Y ‘y 'M ‘| "| “| sepedoid uonses-ssoso ayy Byuywayep Jo4 ‘syuiod uonoNpojU! peo] ey) ye sjusesjse) ON Aseyuawwoy 8b N}0'008 < NX Z°160L = ¢-Ol- [1°s’s] ‘eps [9'r's] ‘ees [Le's e1qe, ‘e’s] OLS eGR, ‘L'E's N41 O0L = "d = “d ‘NX O0E = “d = ‘d Yo}ayxS 88S VONNQUISIP JUBWOW puke UOIsseJdWoOD jemy Buypeo™ ‘Z w pe's, = 4 wse'o. = '¥ :syBue) Buyyong wos'té = =' = :yy6ue] wayshs Or 94 repesB jaays Palio JOY ‘O'OL X OSZ SHY :UWN|OD eousl8joy ++ __.pasy'o = a "X= PU Gl2- 201 2°16 ry 092¢'0 = "X +-- @ avino Buljyonq Buisn ge Z'96 ‘y b ,Ol-se’oR ok. :yy6ue] Buyyong th ued SOUR]SISA/ UO|SSesdWoOd |eEIXy 12°C UONRIJJBA BQURYS/Se1 JOQUaWZ Z'E 62'l = wge'ol =7 Ppenbas s| voweoyyen Guyjyonqg seeys OU —-- S'€9 = 969 > Zz = WP FM = "MW = ye tH v'92 = 968 > @ = O1/Ozz = Wp eM SE = 98E > 2 = OL/Oz = WP + J ww 0Zz = Ole - OSZ Coen oe z6'0 = >+—- (OEP 84 SOMEA SSOURI!YI-O}-YIPIM LE SUR}S|SA/ BY} JO UONEUWIO}EQ “¢ tat 00SE 11389 wo nm 0002 LY 008 00SE a 007 © © o> I wayshs “1 12729 uojssesdwod je}xe pue Buypueg u pepeo] ejyoud SHH :L"E’z a}dwexy uoneinajey ‘Yyo}eHS ‘weqolg“pasnbes $} UONBOYYEA Guyjyong /BUO!sJO} jeI8}2| ON — SHY Aueyuawiwos [p’s's] 92'S 81921 ‘p'p’s [p's's] 92'S 9B) ‘b'r'S [s'p's] ‘ze's (i's's] ‘zy’ eoual9j0y 6r Lh ' P » og" = eOly yz ‘c0l-e'ze8 -ys'o ns M a ' O'81- Os‘ PS s'h Sk = 4S < Of = 1'b/z9'0°6zz'e + b= ‘h/ur-4 6'0 > GZ2'E- = 2210 + (p- bbz) Ze'L = 0 + (p- “Oz)*y = 2210 = 1 ,Obee'202/,0h-8'zE8 = 1 -"M/"M = ? Me="g—--OL=A 29'0 = €'109/0'00r = ™°N/"SN = U ‘Z ued ‘ bn Mh Ol Sry “eOL-8'2e8 7 *M | > 660 = 096-05) 80" Fag, Sb = 4S‘ < €e'2 = b'b/ez'O*100'2 + 4b = ‘h/ur-| 6'0 > LOO'Z- = 221'0 + (b- L'bez) Lz'k = > + (p- “gz)'y = 7 ZLi'0 = 1 - ,Ob8'202/,0b-8'zE8 = 1 -"M/"M = ? Mh="“g-—-OL= A €2'0 = 2'1601/0'008 = ™°N/*SN = U ‘b Med euewoueyd Buyjyong jeuosso} pesoje; ynoUyM UO!ssesdwos je;xe - Buipueg uooeseju £'Z"E bh on . WN O'OP < WN 2807 = 9-01: Siz ol- eee = Tey = Pah @oue}s|se1 JUBWOW Bulpusg zz" ih iy N40'00r < NY €'L09 = _-Ol- Si oh 16 920 = iy = PHS €z92'0 = *X +— eB eaino Buyjyong Buisn .. 898 §=2'96 a a eel TT reess 17 wre'st =? :u;6ue) Bupjong ‘Zz ued uoljejnajed “Yyd}ayHS ‘Wa|qold‘palaplsuoo aq 0} Jou AjjewoU paeu uonyeoyiien Bulpyong Jeeys ey} SuOoes peljos Joy ‘@peW }OU S| yO@Yo jeu OUL “ePEW eq O} SEY YO@YD jeu) B UMOUY Ss} UON “NQUISIP SSOJ}S [Bad OY) UBUAA ~POJEPISUCOD S| Gam ey) ul Buipueq ound uo uoynquysip sseqs eB Ajsiy “sajqe) UolsueWIp eyedosdde Aq @PEW eq PjNOd sUONDeES-ssoJ9 JO VONBOWIssejO OY) “‘pasn ave sejqe} UoIsuaWwIp ‘aja | “Wy ‘y ‘MW ‘| "| “| samedod uonoes-ssoso ey} Byujwweyep J04 Aseyuewwoy (h's's] ‘ers (9'p's) ‘ees [he's e1ge1 ‘e’s] OLS e198) (LES WN S'ZL 8/,S*29'Z*S'L w/N¥ £9°% N4 OZL eousJajoy " zz woo's = 7 woo's = 4 wo00o's = 7 09€ 4 Mh Wh og : “| ‘ = _— ‘Q = -% = Pe NAO'OZI < NA G'OEY = 6-Ol Sez pg SIY8'O* TL “N 6Lp9'0 = 9X +——- q avuno Buyjyong Buisn eee ess A ky b goroos + 5 + €6'0 = ‘yyBue; Burpyong sie Buoys @Ue}S|Se1 UO|SSeIdWOD |e|xXy 1'Z'E UONeoyeA QouURjs|so1 JABQWUaW ZS woo's = 4 peuinbe s| uoeoyieA Buypyong seays OU —- 69 = 69 > 2'9} = W/p eM = Mt y = ye 26 €8 = 968 > 2'91 = S'S/z6 = 1/P $5 78M LL = LL > 28 = $'8/0z = 9 te 18 :eBuely OO'L = 3 + O9E 84 SOME SSOUIIYI-O}-YIPIM LE @9UB}S/S8/ OY} JO UOPEU/W19}0q “E Sy | ‘ueds-pjwW ye jUBWOW :peo] Paynquysip WOU {UOISSBJGWOD jeIxy 000s Bupeo7 ‘z :yiBue] Buyyong repesB jeag V OrL SH -uwnjoD P5y wayshs “1 uojsseidwioo jejxe pue Bujpueq ul pepeoj ajjoud y3aH :ze'z ajdwexy uonenayeyd ‘YydjJeHs ‘wajqoid‘euejd yuawow ey} u! Bulpjong Jo} evund Buljyong yueA -9|8) uy @4e} Pinoys eu Buypued jelxe-ouowW Jo4 Asequawwog [p's's] 92'S @GeL ‘y'y’s lzs's ‘4 xouuy) ‘e'y's {1's°s] ‘z'v's 99USIBJOy WNA 6'9S = “o1-o1'9-g0)-g0'S 600° * gO) 09051 LS Mh kd peg sOb EZb * M ‘ne A sor Sahoet * 89° ety b> 22'0 = u och = “y——-S'L > OC'L = L'L/ez'OroaL'h + Lb = ML /“u*n - | 6'O > O8b'L- = O11'0 + (b- E'L*z) €6'0 = 2 + (pb - “z)*v = “W QLL'O = b- ,Ol*O'SSI/,OLeO'ezL = 1 - "M/A = ® el = "g 82'0 = 9'0er/o'0z: = *N/*N = “Wu euawoueyd Buyjyong jeuolsso} peseze] sNOYyM Uo}sseudwod jejxe - Gujpuag uoNoesa}U] C°7'E Mh WN S'Zb < WN 682 = 5 OL: Sz or oezs 0594'0 =<, un A LY = PHA tM @OUE}SISO/ JFUQWOW Bulpuag Z°7'7'E esgz'o = “1X —- e evina Buyjyonq Buisn 901 6'9S SES: OL ELb v'0 < 58'0 = zi0b- 20'S vOl- 68E- 000012: 2* zens '9 ‘O'b yOl- 686 zer'h = vonnquisip “Ww juawow Bujpuag jeon9 = "y= wo's = +9 y6Gue; Guypjong Sy) JO UOHEUIWUEIEg |'2°Z'E wewow @0ue}s|se1 jUeWoW Bulpuag Zz" Mh An 4 = ° . ‘QO = 2X = Porat NO‘) < NY 8'802 = 6 Ol Sez—oL pig eHIEO = TT N ELLe'o = °X —— 9 euno Burpyong Buisn 666 2's y Ish = oe oe ! b goloos | 4 woo's = 2 = :yjGue; Buyjyong uolejnajeg ‘yd}eXS ‘Wws|qold ISIXE YEONes ‘o= a= szs‘0 = wi + Tu b> 860° Szisz60 Fahy Thy sz6'0 = 14 —~ o'r > Sz6'O = I'L/Szs‘OrbL'o- b= A /"Utl - 1 6'0 > PrL'O = SL'O- E’LeiS‘LeSL‘O = SLO -*"™9'vSL'O = 417 “e'L 2 11g szs‘0 = 8'80z/0'0zL = ™*'N/*N = ‘U [p's's) 92'S e198) ‘p's euswoueyd Buypyong peuossioy jeseye] YA UOSsodwod jeyxe - Gujpusg UopoEsazUI 'Z"E Aueyuowwo eouelejoHy uonensjeD ‘yo}exs ‘we|qold‘pasn s} y6ue) Guy) -yonq epow-Aems ym SisAjeue ONS] JepPsO ysuI4 ‘@pew JOU S} 4O@Yd jeu) Oy) “@PEW aq O} SEY YOOYS jBUly B UMOUH S! LONGI) -SIP SSOJJS |BO/ OY) U@LAA ‘PeJepIsUod AjUO $s} Gam ey) u) Burpueq 0} enp uonnquisip sseus ® ARsily “s9|qe} UOISUeWIP eyeJdosdde Aq @PEW eq PjNOD SUONOeS-SSOIO JO UONBOJISSE/O OY) "pesn ase sejqe} UO}sUaLUIp “oye | “YY ‘M ‘I "| “| seqedoid uoyoes-ssoso eyy Bujujwweyep J04 Aseyuewwog es ['s's] ‘2'¢'s [9'p's] ‘ee's [he's eiqe, ‘e’s} Obs e1qe, ‘LES wos') = “4 wWOO'e = “y woos = 7 wos'r = 4 OLS 84 89U8I3BJOH Yoyeys aes UORNQUISIP JUBWOW, N¥ 001 = §N :uoissesdwoo yey :yBue) Buipjong ‘OOL "6LZ = 5-OL a ee = ma OK = PUTA NAO'00L < NA Z'6LL = Ol SEE ape ~ zere'o = 'X +—-- 2 anno Buljyong Buisn og, = 94,18 it 4 ety 7 | prooe 1 4~ * woo'st = % :y6ua; Buyyong sree Buoys S@OURISISes UOIssasdWOD [eIXy 1'Z°E UONESNUEA eOURISISe1 BQWOYW ZC EM = ANS = Ay a= p29 = (L - PEL)/29Sp > e'sh = 1/p Hoot ees'o = [(91 + 9pz)/(91 - oz) + b)/1 = 2 zWw/N 91 = p9/OL*00L = “Oo! ,ww/N 9bz = 218/001*002 = “o [UORNQUISIP Ssoujs eos oy Buymouy Joye sone 3/q ayy jo yOeY4D peuinba: s! uoNHediyien Buljyonq yeays OU +—-- 3 6'SS = 969 > e'Sp = 1/p 3 9 y= Paty = hy 2'49 = 968 > €'Sp = 9'9/66z = 1/p 149M | 68 = ALL > b'Z = S'LL/se = 1/0 su ‘aBuely 180 = 3+ O1G 94 SONBI SSOUHDIYI-O}-YIPIM LC SOUR}S/SA/ YY JO UONUJWIA}0Q “¢ 4 [ Buypeo? ‘Zz :yy6ue) weyshs repes6 jeaig V O9E Sd] :uUN|OD 00L 002 wayshs *} ewes & Jo UWNICD :¢"E'z ajdwexy uoneynajed ‘yd}eHS ‘Wwes|qosg -* wat hoot +S Mh uy WN S'CE) < WNY 1'ZSZ = 5 OL ae 0 0'Z06 ' £828'0 "7, FAI, = PUT €929'0 = “1'X —-- & aaino Gulpyong Gusn Oh a'bhe who v0 < £90" coer 206| ~ ) mq ‘ . ,Ol-bh6 204+ 20'S hay cee Th 2 WNA 2'vL8 = “ST e9g-01- 0 GEO > 01 000zZ | I Pre OoooI] = OLB IE" 1 2 GEO* w Ly )) FS ON 6281 = 'O+-O=A ‘os "4 =4 wo'e = *y yyGua) Buypjong } UORDaS 1'Z'Z"E [z's's] ‘e'e's eourjs|sos juowow Bulpueg zz N40'00k < NY Z'ZIh = ¢-Ol- ——+! seve’ = at 1% = PUT eN' GSE: 201-0'F9 WV 8628'0 = 9X +—-- q anino Buyjyong Bujsn 1. POL y'8e ‘71 ag Is'0- oro 1m” F wos'h = "% :yj6ue; Buyyjong Z uonDeS 1h ony NHO'OOL < NY b'ZOZ} = ¢-Ol- dae oro 7785'0 = hy = PUSTbY pres’ = 9X —- q evuno Bulpjong Buysn . . OL P'se Yo oy zl Troe "Hy OF woo'e = "4 :yy6ue; Bulpyong tL Uonsag isixe YBOAA [bss] ‘z'e's Aseyuawwoy soUudJBJOY uoneinojey ‘yojyeys ‘walqoldAseyuawiwoy ss ne L'g2z a Pua z yy ty b> 820 = Dooz-o1 900 = Fahy Ly O'b = ‘—-O'L < COOL = 1'L/90'O*SO'O + 1 = MA/*ul- | 6'0 > SO'O- = SL'O- LEE LeLS‘O°SL‘O = SL'O- ‘9’ *xSL‘o = 17 [p's's] Lee’ = 29'0¢z'0- e't = 41%g —~ 29'0 = OOZ/E'EEL = A 92'S 81k) ‘b'p's 90'0 = 2'2181/0'001 = 'N/*SN = ‘u :Z UONIaS ZP'ZE ' L'£S2 ' Pov > 650" Seer 650 * 800° remy * 4 166'0 = "+ O'L > L66'0 = L‘L/g0'O*szi'o- 1b = NL /*ull- 1 6'0 > SZL'0 = SL'O- B'beZO'LeSt'O= St'O- {78g 'ysi'o = OW gL =“"Ge—-O= A 80'0 = 1'z0z1/o'001 = *'N/*N = ‘u {p's's] 3} UONIAS I'P'Ze 92°S ejqe! ‘p'r's euswouayd Busjpjong |eUO}sJo} [eJ9}e] YIM UO!ssasdwod jelxe - Bujpuag uonoesajyy] p'z"e ‘ wy ee Ol £06 a eM ; | s 4, 7 ‘ s | u b> 980 “OL ooe-g0Tt * PbO" eR * 90'b = “Y—~S'L > 9O'L = L't/pL‘oes'o + 4 = ML/“u‘n - 1 6'0 > S'0- = Zi'0 + (b-8'b*z) OSL = 2 + (p- “Myz)‘y = “A ZL'O = L- ,O1*z18/,01¢206 = 1 - "M/A gt = ““ge--O= fh l'o = z'61z/o'00L = "'N/N = “u euewousyd Gurjyonq jeuo|si0} jes9}e] NOUYIM UO!SssesdWod |eIxe - Bujpueg UoNoesa}U] EZ" nv [p's’s] 92'S e192, ‘p'y'S WNY 002 < WN 1'8ZZ = 5 OL oh LOS6‘0 = nm ANY = PUTS oU!* GSE ,01- 0206 1M . 90l-6'PZeh >w rt) 4 ‘9 = ————_—_ |" = ei Los6'0 X +—- @ anno Buyjyong Buisn #0 < LP‘ $96.01 206 7m x Ol-¥P6 0b-zS't moe 7 Ol Pr6 O000Ie gz OOH = 5 “p GEO‘ * faz 2° WNA G'¥L81 = “O1-G'9z- 901 g5'b 6600 * 01 000z8e 661'l = 'O -—- 002/e8l = A fo. = "4 = y ws't = 44 yyBua) Burjyong Zz uonoag zzz'e (2's's] ‘e's uoneinajes ‘YydjeHXS ‘wslqold eouelajoy‘ejdWexe si) Ul peulejuod jou s} Guljyong seays jo UONBOYWEA ay) ‘UON}OeS p SSEIO B O} OS|e spree] UO!INGLYSIP SseN{s JORXe aU} YM UOHBOWISsE}O ey! ‘Ajayesedas payejnojeo st yyGue) Buyjyong ayy ww 9'ep = ‘| ,WW ,01*Z901 = ‘| wu e'9sz =“) *WwW ,OLeSzz9e = “) 2WW ,OL°9S = ¥ Www ¢ = & :qeMm pue eGue} UeeMeq ple, Aseyuawwos 9s ww S'98 = p6*Z6'0 = od = "9 ‘oe tee _ =d 260 - 270 - a0 zo - °¥ ‘oh, agian a Wh? vez ez9'0 < ez'o= Sar-e'ih = l s**t ww 76 =9=q :eBuel4 ez'k = 9/1 —— O1S 84 (s'e's] uo|ssesdwios 10) “y 1'z°E BLS a1Ge1 ‘SES UoNDeS-Ssol9 ayy Jo Sopedoid sANDa}Je JO UO}BUIWI9}0q Z°E pay @®) « Ce -inbas s| uoWeoyueA Buyyong seoys —-- (o'r's] ees 6'SS = 969 < OSI = 1/P "ya pue "“y jo uoneUIUE}Eg —- ) v'OOL = 9pzb < OSL = b/009 = 1/p GMA ose elk = pl < SLL = 8/b6 = 1/9 ww $6 = EZ -Z- 001 = 9 :eBuely pt ap OS, OSU, SEL, OSE OEE [e's eiqe, 18'0 = >+—-O1S a4 ‘e’s) SOB SSOUMIIUI-O}-UIPIM, LE OL'S eIqe] ‘L'E'S SOUR}S|SO/ OY} JO UONEUIWIO}0Q “E | | ' 7 ¥ O08 oe o 05 YoVexs oes Bujpeoy z SJUIEISOJ [2/0}2] Jo 1/8189 43'S 'O ‘8 ‘Vv 12 qureyses Ajpesaye] Joyey wszez'pt = 9 :yjBue) Buypjong Yyo}axs eas ‘suUOISUBWIG, © OLS 04 epes6 jaajg = UONOeS papjam S wayshs ‘1 ewey e jo JYyeY tp'E'z ajdwexy @9UdJ98JOH uoneinajey ‘Yyo}exS ‘we|qosd“‘pasn eq shemje pjnoys UOndas-ssoo ssol6 ay} WO s|xe yueAGjaJ BY) jNOge UONRJAG jo snipes ey) UONOeS p SSEJO B JO Y SSeWepUsjs 64) Buju;Wejap J04 Aseyuawwos [1's°s] ‘zp's (s’e"s] BLS age) ‘SES eoues8jay és bh “A . N40'OZL < NX O'OOO! = ¢-01- Se ,0r oe 07r8'0 = ay = PUTAN Ozpe'O = °X —--- q anuno Buyjyong Buisn psp = BOSS fi vise ese ow A gy SO= orese| | ~orszeepr My| 147 2 wszez'pl = "9 :yy6ue) Buyyong :sjxe Buoys @2UP}S!/SOl UOISSadWOd |eIXy |"E'E UONBIJ9A BoURYS/SO/ JBQqWaW £°E (WW OleSLOL = 2'Lee/,0Lesegce = “mM ,WW ,0L*869EE = Sb'69*heG'Elb + peOR*,8'SBZ + BGLL+,2'Zze + B°O0e*,6'082 + Z1/(00Z + 6L1)*,8+2 + ZI/(,6'Ely + .O8)*y = “| ww 0Z'€z = €'082 - POE = “eV ww €'08z = SOS/(LLZ*P*6'Elp + bOS*h*08 + B*SeL*B09) = 2 2WwW ,019S'0S = (pe(8 + Z6S*S‘O + Z'ELL + 8'SZ) + B*(00Z + ZI} + S'98ez) = "'Y Ww Z'ELL = Z6S*S'0*P9'0°9'0 = “pedegig = *'"p WwW 8'SZ = Z6S*S'O*p9'0rr'0 = “pedey'g = |p d zbe'h zt ‘9 = — = sd 90 20- 1et ” wo- x ci Sys Lb ‘ ‘ "yA > pF 5 a 1 p'ee £901 : ezg'o < se = Oth gy, - BHR LS ay ‘ww z6s = p=q . eek L p up - wet LL... Foe Pe -aenn sz WW S'98 = F6*Z6'0 = ded = "9 aaoge se peonpas si eGuey passasdwos ay) raBuel4 Buypuag 10) "4 Z2°E we ee zw ,01°8'9E = we(8 + Z'L4t) + Be(ZL + S'OBeZ)ez = "'V ww Z'LZL = Z6S*62'0 = ped = ""p “ d " 202'€ zt " '0*= so * =d 820 = B0- ote ” wo- *y S868 222 ess . . '9S a 9'9s } *y/ 2 pez ‘ tz £L9'0 < OZ'E = pa, -8rk = | Pp up =" tww 76s =p=q uonejnajey ‘yd}exS ‘Wwelqoid“‘pasn eq sAemje Pinoys uoNoes-ssoJ0 ssol6 ayy jo soedoud eu) “yw Guyu;wwejep Joy Aseyuewwo0y SOUsIBJIY pasinbas s| uoneoyuan Guljpyonqg jeuolsso} jesa}e] OU +—-- 90}-€'SLsz ‘ ‘o= ————_ | = 2 ¥'0 > G0 = sceorston| “ 4™m| WN €'S1Sz = or ct nh Seg a hay gone t (M2 tn = on Ol "8 ,0l-goz'z 6600 * sl-000986 | 01-2901 000012 gx OAPI * 5) 2 6000+ mw IW)| Faye 628 = 'D+—- Of 'on= "4 = Ww gz'z = +8 yyBue] Buippong ‘a-W ued Izs's] ‘ers aoueysises puowow Bulpueg Z°¢"e iL wy, ‘| ‘ = _— ‘O= X= NXO‘OZL < NY b'SZS = ¢-OL S56-,01- 8°96 orer'o ey Puaty ZpBr'0 = °X —— 9 eauno Buyjyong Buysn 20l-9S \ pos o'er vit 4 ZOE Sf Be - tet ovl= reece | + prsy My] 14” wos'p = 9 :yyBue) Guypyong :3 - 5 ueemjeq is|xe yea Ih ny oy wey NX0‘0Z1 < NY ¥'Z96 = ¢-O1- Se orees or 8'O * ay OFie'O = °X —— 9 evsno Burjyong Gusn _. . 209s } rol OEP vA‘e 4, S90 * ree ores ay) Ta" i wsz7'z = 7 :yy6ue] Buyyong 14-3 pue O-g ‘g-y UeeMjeq :SIK@ YBOMA, uoneinajeD ‘yd}eXS ‘Wse|qold6S bh bh eye =. 9}. M b> 18 = ae toe ee 01 0'0S2: PO"! pst Ay pO'L = “H+—S'L > pO'L = L'L/zL'o*sze'o + 1 = ML /*u’t - 1 HV 6'0 > Sze'O- = (b- 22'1*Z) BS'O = (p - ““gz)* = “7 zz't = (g0'% - €'t)-0Se/o91 + 80’ = ("9 -OD)-WO/W + TM = “Mg 80'2 = p'O"Z'0 + BL = *My —- '0- = 0S2/001- = & [p's's] z1'0 = o'0001/0'0z1 = ™7"N/"8N = “u :@-y veg WN» OSE = WY ‘WN4 O91 = °W 92'S 91GRL ‘P'S Buypyong jeuolssoy jesoze] JNoUyM Uo!ssesdwiod jejxy - Bujpuag uoNse4a}U] E'E'E Mh . nA WN» O'OOL < WN Z'822 = 4-Ol- 3oe or gio) 98re'0 “1, PATE = PE Myy gepe'0 = “UX —— 9 asuno Buljyong Bulsn + gO 6'68rh ¥0 < 6V0" cce-.oL-9101 : sa we Lay goog Zl WN 6'68YL = 1-79 por gees 6000 > Ol 000086 | yOl-Lool-oooole qe eth t= 3 “PF 6800+ a ELt'h = 'O +—8'0 = 001/08 = A oe | w s2'z = 4% yyBue) Buyjy9nq t4-gued WN 0'08 < WN F'9ZZ = 9-01 —tt _ otre'o = nk PLY = PHS N41 0108 < WN whl’ GSE ,Ol- 9101 TP oere'o = °!'X —— 9 avino Buljyong Bursn —-- . . ,01S'09rL ”w a v0 <0S'0" Scena | “4 ¥m|~ * ' 01 2901 20h 2S2'2 on ‘ « b WNA S‘O9PL = “STT73-o1-ge's-660'0 * ~01-000986 | OI Ze01-O0001Z ,= H60'k = 7 “p GEO‘ w 160°, = '9 +—— 8e8'0 = 08/29 = & Ob = “4 = 4 w g2'z = *¥ yj6ue) Buyyjong 3-aued Asequswiw0sy eouaJajeyY uoneynajeyg ‘yd}exs ‘wesejqold"W-2 ueem -}eq pesepisuos si Buljyong jeinxey seoeym 9 - GQ uaemjeq pasepisuos s! Buljyong ;euo!sso} yese}e] Asequewwoy (p's's] 92° @IGeL “bys 90U8I9J9y og i - 98 ne Noe b > 6P'O= Dopo, * EHO ty Hy * u Ob = 4 +—- OL < LOL = L'L/eL'O*S0'O + b= ML/"ullt - 4 6'0 > SO'O- = SL'0- pz'bepS'O*sL'o = SL'o-4'%g"'ysi'o = p2'l = 9'0e2'0-@'L = 41%g —-9'0 = 001/08 = a zt'o = p'z96/o'071 = ™""N/*N = “U ig- ued in . ¥'92 ine Wt b> 0S'0= to 66 * 0° many * Y 66'0 = “"} —0'L > 660 = I'I/Iz'orso'o- 4 = A /*ult - 4 6'0 > SO'O = SL'0- ZIz'L-B0'L*St'O= SL'0-27™g"'yg1'0 = Yt Ziz'h = pe'orz'o- at = “7g — pe'o = 08/29 = @ 1z'o = 1'Szs/o'oz = "N/?SN = *U ‘3-OQued Buypyong yeuoysio} jeseye) WJM UO|sseidwod jEIxy - Guljpueg UONIe19}U] P'E'E uonenajey ‘yo}exS ‘Welqold2.4 Local stresses These examples demonstrate the verification of load introduction problems assuming design values of action effects (N,,, Veg, My etc) which have been calculated by an analysis of the structure and these values already include y, y, etc. The results presented in the examples are rounded values. For the purpose of easy re-calculation each formula and each check is calculated with the rounded values. The following examples are included in this chapter: Example 2.4.1: Example 2.4.2: Example 2.4.3: Example 2.4.4: Example 2.4.5: Design of transverse stiffeners (continuation of example 3 of chapter "Members in Bending") Design of intermediate transverse stiffeners (continuation of example 4 of chapter “Members in Bending") Axially loaded column supported by a beam Load introduction of wheel loads from cranes Beam supported by a beam 61pepiaoid s! juyeyse, apeydoid -de j! exe} 8q Pinos y;GuUe] Guypjong e se psz'0 “peJepsuce @q 0} JOU PasU SJeUSyNS OY} JO SPjaM ay} JO} YO Nd ay) UONDes-sso19 eAnoeye eu) Bulu;WJe}ep Uj wwys=e :qem pue eGuely Ueenjeq sseuxoU) JeOIUL ‘peuresjse Ajpeseye] Ajsnonujuoo s} weeq oul Aseyuawwoy 29 [(z)'9°2's] psz‘0 = wsz9'0 < W6'0 = 2 :uondwnssy (2)'p'S'p'S yiBue) Buyyong 2°2°e ww ZpL = ,01°201/,01-0091z/ = (W/"I)A = ‘I ;WW ,OL*0091Z = ZL/Z1*,009 = | 2WW ,OL*O'ZOL = OO9*ZL + ZeZbeOrL = Vv ,WW Ol*hd = ,0L°S'9E + ,OL*S'ZE = ZL* (ZL + Oplez) + ZLepezezezES'O = "“V WW OP = ZLeL8'O*Sl = “PSL if cos wz9'h A 4 ; So is'o-v'sz “wha pez, zeS'0 = 9 - peat "mwo- = €29'0 < 9z9'l = Sg 4 x (e)s'e's s Te Tre JOUBHNS JO UONSSS-SSOI9 BANSOYS JO UONEIND|eS —— Z'ZL = ASL < S'bZ = Zi/vEz = 1/g 18'0 = >+—-O1S ef ((1)9°z's) JOUINS OY} JO UONIES-SSO1D EANIEYI LZ" (es e's (euejd-qom oy) 0} sejno}puedied) uoQeoyss0A OoURYS!seu Buypyong Z°¢ yWW OLeL'PLE = Zh*Z'08B°SZ'0 = ,“IPSZ'O < ,WW ,01°0091Z = ZL/Z1*,009 = ‘| — z/f < 0's = p/e {(€)’s‘9's) JOUAYNS OY} Jo OOo SsouyNs OYyy Jo UOPEOYNIA L°C ‘(9)'e'S'e's ueds p/W Je JUSS BSISASUL) OY) JO BOUE}S/SOJ BY) JO UOPEU;WID}0Qq “¢ Nx S'eeLt = "A WN 0'p998 = W cueds piw ye sjueWwow pur seoJ0) jeWezU| _ 0022 0022 N4S'22ez = "qy :ueds-piw ty \2Z Bulpeo? "Zz W Or'pL = 7 :yjBue} wayskg 95*009 # au | ols a4 sape6 jeeg pe = Yoyeys ees suC|sUeWIG ueds awe 1 ~plw ye pue syoddns ay} ye sJoueyNS YIM UONOeS pepjayy :weag d wayshs "4 (.ujpueg uy szeqwoy, sajdeyo jo ¢'z'z ejdwexa jo UoMeNuQUOD) sioUayNS esJaASURH JO UBlseq 31 "p'z ajdwexy 99U8I9j9Y uonejnojea ‘yd}eNS ‘Wel|qold“eUEYNS Buyeeq peo & 20) Aresseoeu Ajuo s| yO@Yyo sy) “spjom eBuel-qem euj Jeejo 0} JeUeYyNS @4} UL ino sBujuedo oy) Jo} epew eq 0} speeu eouRMO)Ty “UONDES-SSOJO fp SSB/O JO esNeceq pesn s| '"L -Auesseoeu S| UONBOYEA UONO@S-SS0J0 Aju ‘wea06 s} epow Buipyong ou Z'9 > ¥ Yeu Aseyuswwog | - . Mh wth . NA S'LLEZ < NY G'LEEZ = «Ol Gog zOl-E'vs = pany a . Ww oe ue WU OLee'bs = (OZ*Z = ZL - OOS)*ZL + ZhetZ = (02-“-'a)d + “Vs = ye ww poe = Ze + OPE-Z= V+ V2 gLz> ¥ see Zh wy “ah , wu be lath) a) oz [racer] ta] mq] Fee's és». ww 0SZL = OS*Sz = Sz > ww 009 = 'q ,ww/N EOE = 0062zr1/00S*001*0'rg98 = I/zew = "'0 J9U2HNS OY) PUB Geom peUayNs oy) JO UOWed140A COUR}s}ses Buyysnig C's iL "A gerbe TV b> 9660 * “Olover ° Ay peyinbes si Bulpyong 0} anp uoHonpes OU — ZO ZO poe = teh vi\tr 7) 77k f0> 200" “ores | “+ reo *y| 17 uoneayea Buypjong #'z"E [1°s°s) ‘zp's 8IUdI9BJOY uoneynajed ‘yd}eHS ‘wajqoldSpeo} J2UJa}xa 0} yo@lqns jou ae Aay) yey pap -aoid aoueysisay Guljyong ay) yoyo 0} AvessedauU Ajuo SI! }] SJBUaYNS BSJaASUEL) B}e]|PAUWE}U! JOS “‘UONDAS-SSOJO } SSEIO JO asNeIeq pasn si '"L -Aressaoeu $! UONPOIAA UOI}IeS-SSOJ9 AjuQ “wea06 s} apow 6urjyonqg ou 2'0 > ¥ Ue papiaoid si yueyjses ayeudoid -de j! uae} eq pjnoo yyGue) Guiyjong & se psz'o “pasepisuoo @q 0} JOU PasU SJaUaYNS OU} JO ‘SPjaM oy} JO} ‘yO 3N9 ayy UOHDeS-ssoJO eANOeYye ay} BulU;We}ep U} Bul] 8d) Jeeys oy} UI UBIs jo eBuRYO ON ww Z=8 :qem pue eBuey useMmjeq sseuyo!y) yeOUL “peuresjse, Ajjeseye] Ajsnonunuos s} weegq ey) Aseyuawwoy +9 Lh . Nh NA E'LLZ < NA 1099 = Ol: Gpz-201-6'0E = = wy = Peay zehees zoo vi, 60e b g0h-O2'L ey bao uoneoyjien Bulpyong Pz 61'0 = [1's's] ‘z's psz'o = W6'0 < WOg'} = 7 :uoNdwnssy yyGue] Buyjyong €°2"e [(2)"9'2’s] (@)'ps'P's ww Z'09 = ,0l*z'ze/,0leosel/ = (w/D/ = *t pW ,OL*OSEL = Z1/9*,00€ = ‘I 2WW ,OLez'Ze = O09 + ZB°0Zl = V 2WW ,O1°6'0E = ,O1eZ'6L + ,OLez'LL = Be (9 + OZL*Z) + 9*OpLezezE9'0 = ""V WW OZE = 8*0'L*Sl = “VSL . 2S0€'L 9 4 _ Bronotr'ez Stayz, 4690" Z0- sot Zo- x $190 < S06 eve Wa t tT one JaUaYNS JO UOOAS-SSOJO BANOAYe JO UONEINI]eE9 +—- S| = 9G1 < E'pz = 9/9pl = vq al m €r'O = *H! O'L = 2 + O9E e4 JBUSNS OY} JO UONDES-SSO1D OANIIYA ZZ E [(t)'9'2’s] ‘(L)'p's'e's No E'LEZ = b'b/,.0b°0'9S*8*00Z1 - O'002 = %L/*2"p - 5, = SN ,ww/N O'9S = e//sez ,9SS'L/L = EA/ 4 (,""/1) = “4 —— oscil = “Vv ~ N4 O'002 = "A JOUSNS Oy] U] 2D10j UOJssoJdWOD oY} JO UO/EU]WI9}9G |'Z"E (quejd-qom oy) 0} sejno!pusdsed) UOesy}I0A eoUE}s|Se1 Buypyong Ze [(L)'s'9's] ()'p's'e's WW ,OL6'9S = .B°S'ZBbL*SZ'O = ,"IPSZ'O < ,WW ,OL*OSEL = Z1/9*,008 = “I — af ww ool = 'q zwiu/N 902 = ,OL-P6L/,0L°Or = "M/W = "!0 “s Jo uONeUWIA}aQg ZZ'E [ez's] ‘e'9's ww og = “*""y = ‘s *s Buyeeq yns jo yyBue ey) yo UoMeujWwajeQg 1'z'E [zz's) ‘29's aoueysises Bulysnig ze Pauinba: s| yuo! ayy jo Guruayns ou pue aanoeye Ajjny ese Bursesq ey jo saBuey ayy —-- ww Og = q < ww }'6g = ""q -—- ‘Ss wu 6'9z1 = oe + Zhe + °3| ujw = wu 69 = S'8-L+ Zz > 9's uy 4 -_ * «4 4 oS 8) uw = 9 NL+4e+") @OUE}SISO/ YJPResq SAIAYe PeonNpas ayy jo UONeUUE}EQg |'C SODUR}S/SO/ OY) JO UONeUJWIE}0Qq “¢ [e'9°9] ‘o'e'9 wrote =" vol (fae) N4O'0S =’, 2@0J0} JB@YS vy —_—— | WN» O'Or = *'W WN O'Or = "W juewow Bulpueg N41 0'001 = "°N 19030} uolssesdwoy Bulpeo) ‘Zz O9E 84 sepesB jeai$ = 08 Sadi ‘6upeig O9e e4 sepesB jee1$ = 002 Sd sweeg waysks *} weeq @ Aq peyoddns uunjoa papeo| jeixy :e"p'z ajduiexy uoneynajeg ‘yd}eXS ‘Wwae|qosd eoues0joY99 . oy . vile vie (ple riz) my pay my b> 9z'0 ga'o-00'0 - wo + exo = He Ue. (He + (2) ais iy - | + | a | 4» Be | ‘pelapisuoa ,wuwi/N plz > ,ww/N PBL = (9'S*26)/,01°001 = (“1's)/N = "0 cuossedwod aq Ose Pinoys JeqweW ey} jo eoUe}sIsed UBWOW mL /"y = Lb /sez = wy /N blz > wu/N 681 = 001/S'16*,01-b61/,01-0r = “M/W = "*2 :uolssesdi0d Bujpuaq ey) UO 80/0) esJeAsUEJ} OY) JO aya AY] ((z)9'e's) uy uaay6 payinbas si seeys Bulpueq UoNoese}U! OU ——~ N4 OS < NX L'69 = ™™AS'O BinWo} ayy Bulsn Aq uexe} eq Aew sanyea soy6IH NY OS 9'l = Sop * Cool ” Fy? Fy PAIIYIN} Og 0} SY UOVJEI1J9 UONSBJe}U] eYy ‘s}UeLU ((2)'r'z's] -oW Gulpueq 0} Joalqns s| Jeqwew ey) eu ‘(2)r'9's uonseseyU] LEE WN OF < WNY Z'Zb = 1'1/,OLeSez*OLebzz = ML/“yo My = Py N4 OOl < N¥ O'COL = LL / Ol: zo Sees ga) | sezcnozs w'ss0- 1h | ede: | F 7 s'o = YY ((t)'e'z°s] 2'0 = p/'s —— 2'0 < S'0 = 6S1/08 = p/"s ‘(L)'r'9's eourysisel Buyjddug ce Asequewwoy eouelajoy uoHNeEnajeD ‘yoJeHS ‘wajqoldPeyiny eq 0} Sey UOVE}TO UOHOBJe}U! oY; ‘s}UeW -oW Buipuag o} yoa/qns s| Jeqwew ey) eeu aBuey ey) uo Ajoeuip pay -UNOW SI/e1 BUBIO JO} Sz‘E SB UEHE} JUBSUCD B S| “y “Pasep|suco eq Pinoys sepouw! sey) |/e ‘SUIeA -06 (Buipjong 30 Buyjddiso ‘Bulysnuo) epow yojym J8AO \QNOP s! Gey) yey} YONS Je sjleJep ely eJeUM “eBuely 04} UO pepjem jou S| jes @UBIO oy WW = B :qeM ey) pus eBuey ey) Bujseuuoo pjem ey) Jo SS@UHxO/Y) JEOIYL »WW ,01°96ZSr = ‘| Asequewwog [(2)'v'z's] ‘(2)'v'9'S [(b)"p'z°s) ‘(1)'p'9'S lez's) ‘eos (py) e'2's souslaj0y 29 Sk > Zu = uonoesayUl L'2"E WN» O'99E < WNY P'Z9p = 1'L/,OleSEZ*,OLegeLz = ML/*ye"M = yy N4 002 < N¥ 9'E6S = I'L / ¢-O1- ie) |seemonws arson] ae 3 “yah sio = ™y ="s eouejsisas Buyjddis z'¢ Mh Rg . NA 002 < NA BSE = Ob Gez-ZbZ'EZL = a m Ag = Puhy UOPEIYHOA ZL zh i} s ), Jos (are tares > [arms] - lata }oe* pW ,ObeOE = Z1/,02*0Sr = | ww ,OLel6 = “| ,wuw/N pZL = ,0l°96zSb/eS1L*,01e99e = "M/W = "lo “s yo UONBUjWIe}eQ L"}'E eoueys|ses Buyysnid L’c SOIUB}SISO/ OY) JO UONBUIWIE}EQq ‘“£ WN O'99E = "yw O2xO0E WN4 O'99e = "Ww yuewow Bulpuag Nx 0'002 = "Fy :PRO| |9oUN mere ( ) Bulpeo) ‘Zz o@xos9 Sy PS Sb “yes BURIED) I | O9E 84 epe6 9315 Sy (yoyexs @@s) UoNoes papjam sweeg wayshs ‘1 SOUBID WO’ SPO] J99YM Jo UOHINPOY! PEO) :p"p'z ajdweXxy uonenayeyd ‘yod}exS ‘we|qold‘pesepisuco aq OS|B pjnoys Jeqwew ey) Jo souRjsise/ jUaWOLWW Bulpueq ey} UO 60/0) eSJeASUBJ} 84} JO JOOWe oY *‘peepis -u0d eq pinoys }! ‘sweroB epow Bulpjong Jeyjyeym 0} SB }QnOp & S| eJey} Jey) YONs Ss} jTEJap ey) VELAA *PSJep|SUOS 6q JOU PeeU S8DJ0} eSJEASUBL, 0} Gem el} JO EOURISISE! Bulpjong ey) 'qem eyy ul Sedo} Jeays Aq pejsise, pue eGuey euo yGnosy) paldde ese sesso) aor, Aieyuawwos 89 pA pA pA pA tn = Bb tn et ‘9 = vile vie . ple ple - + 4 . $ 4 LO L > €2'0 = 6P'0:Sr'O - b2'0 + Ee ZPOL e01 (5) * (2) Paty PA%5 [ Fat, |. { Pa%, __ . . 08 ,ww/N 2'bOL = (zt-091)/,0b-002 = (“I's)/"°N = "0 :uojssaidwi0D WwW O91 = 082 = “s HL = L'L/Sez = ,WW/N bLZ > ,WW/N E01 = ,0l-96zSp/8z1°,0199€ = 1/Z*"~W = "0 :uojssaidwoD UOPPBIj[JOA @DUL}S/SO1 UO}IeS-Ss0l1Z-) ve ‘ uy NX 002 < NX 6'9¢r = --Ol- H0l-z'ev-zver'o “a yh = Py (y's's] ‘2's Zrer'o = °X +—-- 9 evino Burjyong Bujsn . . 66 SE YI orb= ~ Speco” Trt ww se = ,Olez'er/,Olrel's/ = | pW ,OLepBl'S = ZL/,ebO9E = 1! WW OLez'eh = ZL°098 = ¥ w o9¢'0 = 2? yyGue; Guljyong ‘uondwnssy [s'z's] ‘s'o's UOReaJ9A souRys}ses Buyyyong Z'°E"e ww oge = y = "q qeMm ey) JO Ypeelq eAN.eYe Uy JO UONBU]WIE}0q LEE [s'z’s] ‘s'9's sourys}sez Buypjong €°e e0u019j0H uoneinajeD ‘yo}exS ‘weqold(e/ef-ip + he += 's ‘SUONOSS Pe||OJ JOY (e/ep- ip + he+ a's !SUONDES Palo! JO4 Aseyuawiwos [(1)'e'2's) ‘eos ((1)'e"z's) ‘eS ((€)-ez's) ‘z9'S [(t)e°z's] ‘eos {(1) e's) ‘e'9°S [(e)'z'2's) 29'S WN 91 WN» SS BQUsIBJOY wu ‘ep = | reer] ~ ag 69 bh MA m [A s pig” N09 < NX 0°26 = ¢-Ol- ez (SEW + 92H) = a a (4s + fs) = PHAY UORBIJUSA C'S E'E ste sz = ww sgl > ww zg = 'q 2Ww/N Zph = .01°601/,01°91 = "M/W = 90 *s yo uoNeulWa}eg ZZ LE ww 9'Zp = (2/2/ - L)*Skey + S'6*z + O'9 = *s yrBua) yns Buyeag Vz Le (091 Sd!) .2, weeg z'1'e Mh WA NX 09 < NY GEOL = Ol opz-9-(e'05 + e'08) = ar (As + *s) = PHY UONEOINGA ELLE "sz = ww s'zez > ww og! = 'q ;ww/N 281 = .Ol*r62/,01°SS = "m/"Sw = 0 4s jo UONBUIWA}EGg ZL'L'E ww ¢'0e = (2/Z/ - 1)*6ey + pez + O'S = 'S yrGua] ns Buyweg bEbe (v 081 3H) ut, weeg Ihe eourysisas Buyysmid je SOUB}SISAs BY) JO UONBUJWIE}eQq ‘f 12, weeg 4b, Weeg sueWwoW Bulpueg vou3H © N09 = "YW :30J0} UOHORaY Buypeor z on aa |] © wayshs *|} weeq & Aq peyoddns weeg :¢‘p'z ajdwexy uonenajey ‘yo}eHS ‘wejqoldPayxoayo @q 0} paeu jou seop Buljyong jeo07 :e10}H Aseyuawwoy Oz pA pk pA pA * ‘ . ‘ ‘ vie Pie vie vi 4 1 b > €2'0 = 860-290 - S60 + GEO = 602 fel - viz). mz). Paty ae - (a |» ( ss ww /N plz > ,wu/N 60z = (S*(b'29z + 9'ZP))/,0L°09 = ("'s)/"5N = ‘o suolsseidwo5 "WL /') = LL /sez = ,ww/N plz > ,Www/N EEL = 08/9'Z2Z*,01-601/,01°91 = "M/W = “2 :uoIssaduoD pauinba) s! szeeys Bulpueq vonseJe}u! ou :uondwnssy (091 adi) .t. weeg zee {o1p's) : pA, pK pA eX . tn ayn = nat i. HZ vie (wiz) (viz) PbO 4 ! | > 92°0 = S6'0-82'0 - 06:0 + 090 €0z 991 (3) (z Paty PAX> { at, * [ 5 . ,ww/N Piz > ,ww/N 8'ZOz = (9*(S'6*z + £'0€))/,01°09 = (“1's)/"°N = “2 :uolssasdwiod **L/ = LL /sez = ,ww/N Piz > ,ww/N 991 = S'Se/92*,0l-P6z/,01°SS = "M/W = “9 ‘uolsseidwod painbas s| seays Gujpueq voNoRJe}U! OU suondwnssy (v 081 3H) .}. weed Lee (o1'p's) : UONBOYOA UONIVS-SSOlD CE ' . sez sesh OY St>LOb= oo, * OO9 ay + By [(2)'p'z's] (2) ros uonoesepuy ['Zz'Z'e WN QL < WNX S'9Z = b'L/,OLeSez*,Olepzh = “MA/"y = PW N¥ 09 < NX S‘6ZI = Hi Feot:| 20% e+ pz sez: 00001z/ 25°S'0 = ‘4 / Gee 5f stapes ((t)'p'z's] 2'0 = p/"s + z'O < ve'0 = Zzi/o'zp = p/"s (091 Adi) .2, weeg Z2Z°E (L)''9's ‘ou = V8, Zeek, Mn, wy s Oss ° 000.” My” My ((2)'p'z's] (z)r9's UORSBaIU] ILE WN SS < WNY *'69 = b'L/,OLeSez*,OLesze = “ML /"y" = PW \ ‘6 9 om pA ON | ww ‘ NA 09 < NY Z'eBL = bb / --Ob- | ZO -—|- + gig |’ | SEz-OO00Iz/ O-S'O= AJ) Fo EY pa As'io= uy Z'0 = p/*s —— 2'0 < Sz'0 = zzi/e'0e = p/*s ((1)'p'z's) (v 081 3H) 1, Weeg L'z'E (1) 9's eouryssos Buddy z'¢ eouel8joy uoneNajeD ‘yod}exS ‘WelqoldPart 3 Bolted connections Welded connections Pin connections 713.1 Bolted connections These examples demonstrate the verification of bolted connections assuming design values of action effects (Nj, Vsg» Mgq etc) which have been calculated by an analysis of the structure and these values already include y, y, etc. The results presented in the examples are rounded values. For the purpose of easy re-calculation each formula and each check is calculated with the rounded values. The following examples are included in this chapter: Example 3.1.1: Bolted connection of a tension member to a gusset plate Example 3.1.2: Erection splice at mid span of a lattice girder Example 3.1.3: Angle connected to a gusset plate Example 3.1.4: Fin plate connection to H section column Example 3.1.5: Fin plate connection to RHS column Example 3.1.6: Flexible end plate connection Example 3.1.7: Beam to beam connection with cleats Example 3.1.8: Splice of an unsymmetrical |-section Example 3.1.9: Bolted end plate connection 72junosoe O}U! Uaye} aq 0} JOU PasU PUE s}jOg JO} SOURIS -19) UBIsep ayy Aq paseaod si eV Ajlojjuacca ay peasy} ul seays suondunssy Auequewwoy 29 age) eezg le's'9 aiqeL ‘g's‘9] [e'y's] ‘1°g°s (ers) ‘hss [ers] ‘Iss [as2):2°9 age O9€ 84 O9E 84 O9€ 84 BIUBIIJOY eZ ' z leo) = SL. pwn N4 O'OEL = Gaz < NI S'SEL = Fre97 ‘4 Zz Sz'k aA pura ; "| = ‘ = . = 7 = = 1S}]Oq JO souR}sisad Jeay) NX O'OEL = Goz < NY 9'SEL = Ol Soese ose ~ YF oo ‘4 Jog } S UoNIaUUOD pe}]/og |b"P DIUE}S!IS91 UONIAUUOS ayy Jo UONEU]WII}2Q “P ' t ‘ ge'l ine A gin = PUT NA 092 < NY 6°62 = &-Ol- Gog— op ETT OO Hmm OO * HN J | Tr 2Ww ,OLee'LL = Zbe(9z- ZL) = “WV (aye1d yossn6 pue aje]q) UONeS JON £°E ME Mound NA 092 < NX 9'Z0€ = ¢-Ol SEsa] oe, 7 N (aye}d yassn6 pue aje]q4) uonses ssol5 ze ' HL OMA nd NA 092 < NY L'PZE* Ol Se ap er "hy N (uonses Mojjoy sejno4D) UONIeS SSOUN) L"E SJ@QWAW OY} JO BOUL}S/SO/ OY} JO UO!EUIWIB}EQ *E N4 09z = "=N 1@0J0} UO|SUa] Gujpeo7 -z Oz Www = B:ssauyoly} yeouyy ww Oz =? syy6ua] pyem ww 9z = “p —- 8 ‘bz W ‘S108 or tay oe tot repeB jee1s Zh x OL seqeid yessn5 & sapes6 jaas ZL x OZL sa}8ld tr rapes6 jaajS = «O'S X 9'LOL SHO. uequeyy a ase wayshs *1 eyejd yessn6 & uo Jeq UO!SUa} B JO UONO@UUOS pejjog * 1°," ajdwexy uoneinsjey ‘yd}exsS ‘Wsa1qold“paye|Geu oq Aew eyed oy} Jo) uoK “BOYUOA OY] “OIN|!E) JBOYS [BIO] JO} /EOHYS S| SHO *‘POSBSIOU! Oq JSNW BOUE}s|SOl seays oy) ‘pepeeu sj Ajoedeo uopeuuojep YBy wn (*S4 > 4) BujwieaoB s} eourysises seeys oy) Aseyuewwoy (9'v's] ‘ee's Sb'9 eGeL reg [e's'9°9) 99 e9e) ‘Vez9 [e's'9 eiqe) ‘g'g'9) BOUSIBJOY vl Hef Mh. SA 7 NA O'092 < NY 0'96Z = ¢-Ol- —Gaz—- 021 SB = a Th A SH) 40} souejsises seays je907 recy « Ob. Sb wee NY 092 < NI 8 86P ozt sez” d ‘ Se'L 8'0-E/ any, “9 sf Pum NA 092 < NA 8'REY = Ol Soe’ ogg Te aS PlOM JaI]y BY} JO BoURys|say (SHO - @321d) VORD@UUOD pepjam Zy ‘ —o_ fog, = Ob. Sb. ows NA O'OEL = Gaz pge', = ww oe = “a 92'0 = 2 +—!96'0 = b/1 - 22*6/08 = b/1 - “pe/'d‘ 92'0 = 2ze/0S = “pe/‘e a 2 sc ‘O61 = Ol: g2'h s an a pura NY S@bL = coz < NYE Ol Sy oz-0er- 92052 ipyngz 92'0 = 2 +—!96'0 = b/L - 2z*t/08 = b/I - “pe/'d: 92'0 = 2zee/os = “pe/‘e ‘ - 4 \ - Se'l = PUA NA S'2rl Sez < NY 26st Ott Z d z . sz‘ tg, pu NY S'Zrh = oz < NY 2 88h = --Ob- Ol Sr'z-008-9'0 @ 90 @ d :sa[Buy :81eld eourjsisas Guueeg 3$}OQ JO eoUR\sISa) JeaYyS UoNoeUU0D payog "pb QOUR}SISAJ UOI@UUOD OY} JO UONEUIWIA}9Qq “Y uoHeINDeD “YdjeHS ‘We|qold(9°b's) € D3 Ul! UeAI6 ein} ay) Gulsn Aq sanjea Ja6se] Japjsuoo 0} pemojye s! y 2Www ,Olez'bL = “yey = “y seourjsip ape yjoq 40 euo oO} jeljesed jou says 20/0} Bunce ey) UeyM Sepls YjOg jo enjea WNW -|UJW ay) Se Uae} eq Pinoys ‘e eourjsip eGpe ey, peasy} ul) Jeeys suondwnssy *s}JOq ey} ye sund90 aBuly oy) yeuy pewnsse eq Aew yj es0jeJ04] ‘eye\d uy ey) jo yoddns piby & s] gam UWNjOO ey] :e20}4 ‘syequew Buyoddns ey jo ssouyns eu) Aq payjonucs s} eBujy ey} JO UONHeD0] ey) “sUOROeU -uoo peBuly se pawnsse ee SUONSeUUOD eye\d uly Aueyuawwos [9°¢'s] ‘ees [e's'9 e1qeL ‘s's'9] 9'9 e1qe) ‘ees £9 9/98) zeeg [e's'9 a1Ge1 ‘s's°9) BIUGI9IJ9Y 62 NA 0'06 < NA L'80Z = g-Ol “Gog - gOS EL = Ny = Puy UONBOYOA JBBYS Ul JO} PAaMojje 8q JOU P9aU SejOY JeUs}se) — {WW ,018'2 = O1S/SSE*,OLez'LL = “WJo'y = WW OLeZ'B = O'S*ZZ*Z - OLeZ'LL = Vv Weeq Ol} JO S2UR}S|SO/ IBOYUS Z°E any ‘a soso aeaStaeae wits td NIGP wws'e6l = 99 + S'z9+S2= ++ D5" 4 ww 1'pzz = sse/o1s(zz2 - 002) = ('1/))(“*pu-e + 'e + 4) > ww 002 = $'29 + S'29+ S24 = e+ 'e + a4 wu 9g = sse/ors(zzs'o - os) = ("4/")("*py -%e) = 4 ‘pesn ww ¢'Z9 = "| +— 001 = 0z*S = ps > wws'zg = ‘e = ‘4 OU ee €D3-3 JO vE'S e/qe} U] UAA/6 eR;NUWO) ey, (zzs'9) ‘zs's @OUR}S|Se/ JRAYS YOOIg P'S WN» 'S < WN L'ZL = L'L/,OLesse*oLes'ze = ML/“"my = yy [s'v's] ‘ze's cww .OLes'ze= 9/01L*,0S1 = "M pauinbas s| seeys - Gulpueq uoNoeiaju! OU —- "¥*pc'g > Pp ‘ : hgh ‘ mag) Pus N¥ 0°06 < NY S'622 = 5-0l- “gee - 0b-O'Sk = —a— “W= EA [9'v's} ‘ee’s UONEOYUEA JeeYs U! JO} PaMojje 8q JOU PaeU SajoY JeUe}Sey —- WW ,Ol*p'OL = O1S/SSE*,01°0'SL = “I/“ie"y < ,Ww ,O1eS'Z1 = O'S*Zzez - OLeOSL = my eyejd uly yo eoueysises uBijsag Ee Aseyuewwog eouel8joy uoneinajey ‘yodIeXS ‘welqoldseoue}sip aBpe yjog jo eUO O} jajjesed JOU sooo 200} Bunce ay} UaYM SepIs YO jo enyeA WNW -|UJW ay} Se Use} eq Pinoys 'e eouRysip eGpa ey, peesy) ul veeys suondunssy “suon2eUU0D eye\d UY Ul SBUIPjaM jo PPe}SU! Pesn ese SUCNIEUUCD pe}jog Gey UsHE} eq osje Avw ejdioud siyj uewow pur e010) JeOYS JO} SPJOM OYy PUB S}/0q eY4) YIOg UBysep oF J9je8 8] }! BJOJOEY) “@/qIxey AjesNUe JOU pIBy Alin} Joyyeu ese syoddns ysow ‘eonyoesd ul eAeMoH “Spjem ey} ye suNcoO eBuly ey) yy} pewnNsse eq Pinos 11 esojeey! “eyejd UY eyy jo woddns ejqixey & s} eGuey UWNjoo ey) ele} equiew Bupoddns ey jo sseuyys ey) Aq pejjo.juce s} eBuyy ey) Jo UOREDO] ey) “sUONSeU -uoo pebuly se pewnsse ese SUOOBUUCO ejeId U4 Asequawwos (9'p's] ‘ee's [e's'9 aiqe, ‘g'g°9] 9°9 eIge ‘ezs 29 992] ETS [e"s'9 aiqe, ‘s°s'9] eouesejoy Lg mhgh pus N¥ 0°06 < NH Z'80% = ¢-Ol- Gag + eOb-ZbE = a Ny = PHA UOTPEOyV9A JBOYS U! 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WW Op = '@ Jo e2/0Y9 ey, peasy) ul seeys suopdunssy “suo}oauUCS peBuly se pewnsse ove suoy -o@uUON e}ejd pUe e/q!xXe]} eoUEpIAe jeonoe/d Woy Aseyuswiwos [e's'9 eiqey ‘s'S'9) 9'9 e1qe) ‘Vee9 [e’s'9 e1qeL ‘s's’9) £9 9921 zez9 O&r e4 Ofr 94 Of 84 eouelajoy N4 O'OSL < N¥ G'6SI = ¢-Ol SEL-E — @ = 7 NAS'ZE = +/"A “yoq Jad NY OSL = "A 1@0J0} JE@YS Buypeo ‘Z 8. ww gL = “p+— wus 98 ‘OL W *S1/0g :epeiB jeeig 8XSLLXSEL syed pug eee sepesB jes 00r Adi yequew weeg _ sapesB joes 9 002 3H Jequiew uWNjoD q [es] 4) <<} yo asnesaq yUeAG|OJ JOU aBbuey uwnjos ayy jo aourys}ses Bujseeg pt my OL s2'h . wa, 10 NIS'ZEz = ““Y ayejdpue oy} jo soue}siseu JeaYs SC uoHeINTeD ‘Yd}eHxS ‘We|qold eouesejoy2ww 010912 (,Obz + 081 +,0Z1 + ,09)*2 = ,25 + AZ l :uon -esnByuod Og ay} JO eeu! jo jUBWOW Jejod +— SUO!}D@UUOS JUE}S|SEJ-dIjs U! UO!E}OJ JO 813U89 ayy WO aOUe}SIP 94} 0} ;eUoIodoud aq oO} speeuU sJauU -a1S} UsaMjaq $80JO} JBWS}U! JO UOIINISIP ey) uonisod yeas ejBue - sapsj6 uyew payojou oyj ye UONoaUUCD ay} oO} paljdde si S$, aoJ0} UOHOBe BY) “aque Jad peyejnojes s! eouejsisas Guleeq oul peesyy ul seeys suondwnssy “syeajo ey} yo ujBue| ese} ey} JO esneoeg pepe|Geu oq Aew sjoeye jeuolsso) “suojoauucs peBbuly se pownsse ae AjUO Gem UO SUONOeUU0S peyee|y Asequawwo9 [e's'9 eiqeL 'g'S'9) 9°9 eqe, ‘Lee'g £9 sjqeL 2ee9 [e's'9 a1qeL ‘s'S‘9] [zs'z] 29 e192, O&r a4 Of 94 e0uelajoy s8 18010) JeaYs JUBYNSEY :yoq sad aas0} Jeays jeoVap, 190J0} JAYS [BYUOZLOH ww 010912 = “I (10p4j6 epis - e]6ue) uonseuu0s ayy jo eouRys|se1 UB}saq E°¢ NY O'SLL = (,9'8S + ,6°86)/ = "84 N¥ 6'86 = 6/068 = A N49'8S = ,01°091Z/Obz*,0lez'2S = “1/2°"5W WN} 2'ZS = 068*,.01*S2'6S = Sy (sepa6 eps - ej6ue) dnos6 yjoq ayy jo Ayjoryuecse 0} anp yUaWOW ay} Jo UONeU}W1a}9q Ze ‘eg « = < wyo'eoe « sz _ Ny 6°86 = oso < NX O'E0? = ¢-Ol- Foree-oer eso SZ ip yngz = pura gs'0 = 0 +—~' gs'0 = b/t - (pzee)/09 = /1 - “pe/'d :qam Weeg ‘ 62 4 se'b anh pug NI ¥'6y = Ogg oj/5ue om, ‘seourjsip eBpe yyoq jo @UO O} jal/e7ed jou speye 900} Bunce ey) UeYyM Sepis YO jo anjeA WNW -|UJLU ey} Se Usye} eq Pinoys 'e eouejsip eHpe ayy ‘Jaquiew Jed payejnojeo s} eourjsises Buyeeq ey) S80} [BUJE}U] JO VONNGUISIP ONSBje - pees} Uj JBeys - seueld Jeeys Om) :esey ‘sJequew jo Jequinu = “wW suondwnssy Aseyuawwos [9"p's] ‘e's [ps9] ‘zz9 le’s'9 erqeL ‘s's'9] 9'9 e1qeL ‘Vez [e's'9 eiqeL ‘s's’9] £9 e19eL wees 89U9J9j9yH 98 244 ,01"8'901 = SheZid = “Vv th cw ,OL-OL1z = 6'B1S/,0l-B'9er60! = "'M . fu pW ,OL-8'OBPEOL = ,6'ZILSLeZIZ + ,1'LOZ*BZ*OOE + Zi/Sie ZL = 1 gy 201 8°06! * ‘ = 5). =! wu [Lee vl ory arene Sb ebe z 2WwW ,O1*S'061 = Si*ZiZ + 82*00E = 'V | - | Nd ye suOJsUSWp jeUONIeS-ssolZ WN» BEL = ,.0beSS1 9068 = "Ww —- Nx 068 = "A 1-1] 3N9 ye Weeq paysjou a4) jo eoue}sisel uBjsaq S'¢ ‘opp = < ,WW O1°S'Br = S4Z/OEb* ,OL°O'Le = “H/) Y= UONIIJUEA JeaYs Ul JO} PeMmojje oq 0} SABY SejOy JeUs}se} —— 2 ,Obez'ZE = O€/S2z*6°09S = “/“yo"y S ,WW OL-0'LE = 6*bZ"6 - 6095 = my ajGue ayy jo eoueys|sau JeaYys pc N4 O'SLL < NY 6'LPL = «Ol _—_ #1 pas en’ Gb-Ze-O8F 0S'0'S'2 = yp"jng'z OS'0 = © +—! 8S'0 = b/L - bz*E/09 = b/1 - “pe/'d: s'0 = (pz-€)/9e = “pe/‘e NY S‘ZS = g < NY #'S6 = -O1- wt -—* = Paay O'stt er 6-22 Of 9S'0'S'2 pj ag‘z :qem weeg 9S'0 = > +—! 95'0 = b/I - (pz*e)/09 = v/1 - “pe/'d: 9S'0 = (bz*E)/Or = “pe/‘e ‘o\Buy seouejsisas Gueeg 4, Ea pura NA O'SHL < NY O'ZEZ = FST z ‘4 seh wh NA O'SLL < NA L'ZEZ = -Ol- Soop ey 27 V0 Tw = PUY :8¥J0Q JO eoURYSISe) JeEEYS UONEINDED ‘yYdeHS ‘We|qold‘asey 8SeD OY} $| SB UONONPoU! SNO@UEYNWIS UeY) Jeyye) Peoj ay} JO UONONpoNU! aalssesBoud ayy ‘AjUo swajqoid uoNONpoNU! peo} 0} Ja}e2 syulof Bud) Jo} sejny ayy asneoeq jou s} y ‘,jUIof Buoy, & ex!) syoo) 1 YBnouy WN» O'61S = (L'L*001)/[z/(ez'oL + zz'bL)© *(z/e'z + Le'6h)*0E¢8'z + + (pz0'0 - L)*(€/Ez'OLeS'L*,LE'6L + + €/s'4z*S'1,68'1S)] = Urey poyjewl epesns08 s10W Aseyuawwo’) 48 Lhe AEA NA 0'068 < NA S'IPSL = 0b —G7z— - 201-8'90b = —— Ny = PHA UONBOWEA Jays Ul JO} PaMolje oq JOU PaeU sajOY JeUa}se} —-- [9°r's] ‘ee's ,WUW ,Ob8'89 = Ofb/SZZ9Si+(8z - OFZ) = “VIey < WW OLeb'bd = Slebz*6 - Sio(82 - Obd) = my sep.6 apis jo soueysisos seays ubjseq 2° heh . 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VOINQUISIP SSeS SNSE|Z ‘aBuey Weag ay} jo eouejsises UBisep IN} ey) dojanap 0} you peau pjem eGuey — ‘jexoRIq {es‘9'9) 2 10) Aressaoeu s| Ayoedes uolyeWJojap ON eves pjem U} UONNUIsIP ssejs oNSe|y :YUoRdwnssy “plam au} JO} pawnsse osje si}! ‘UOOes-ssola OY} Ul PAWNSse Ss! UONNQUISIP sseljs JSEIe SY Aseyuawwo4y BoUudIBJOY 66 Ou . uu/y ofc = 0, ZMH LOME PCI oe, zww/N L'cez > zWW/N 8'S2 = OL: Ol Ze-sh Sa (WW ,OLeL'Ze = L'8z*OleZLL = S UoRDas OYT JO PIeM OE Sz'}-Se'o: e/ zuw/N s'2Zl < ,WWw/N Z'eez = OS = ™g mA eh " Pum) UOPBIYHEA SE 2ww/N e'zZt = (,e'1ZL + ,S'EL)A = "0 ,WW/N B'LZL = ,01°2'92/,019S'p = "0 2Wuw/N Q'EL = ,OL°O'LL/,OlesL = "4 POM ey} U! Sessel}s OY} JO UONEUIWI9}0Q bE ,WW .Ol-Z'92 = L'68/,0le9'lzz = ren UW ,OLe9'LZZ = SeZLbe,£'SE + S(O1 - ZhL)*,£°ST + SeOLbe,d'6zez + Z1/S*,0Lbez = “| z0b-O'LL + 20b-Z'OL " “48 4 = = Ou wut £8 = cozsOrr+ OlhS Ol eli) * OebSz — bib WW OL*O'LL = SeOLLez = oy —_— 2WW ,OLeZ'OL = (OL - Zbb)eS + ZbbeS = y Aa + PJOM ey} JO SNjnpow UONes pue ealy FE uoneinajeD ‘Yyd}aHS ‘Wsa|qoldoML /[*qe%e"y 0} yenbe eBuey weeq eyj jo eour}sjse, uBis -ap |In} ayy dojenep 0} peublsep eq pjnoys uWwn| -09 ay} 0} eBuey Weeg ey) Buyoeuuoo spjam oy) Aseyuawwoy (weer) [(e)' Veer) (s)‘9'e'9 (2) zee] (() veer) 9e'9 NOLL = °N N41 0E = FQ wy Se = "Ww WN Sp = "jw ww ¢ = 8 ww ¢ = 8 wwg =e 09€ @4 :apes6 jeais 09€ e4 :epesB jeas eouaJajoy 001 NISZZ- Lb CSPOT "Te N4S'L6zZ = "4 :au0z UOIsUa} ay} JO BOUR]SISAY -—--- N49'Blp = L't/,.OleS'Ofz*s'aeSez = 4 ww S'0ez = (42 + vl) S + 9* Zz +e = ""q (i+) s+ Sez/fe+ Y= "Q OL ey = Pu ‘4 24am UNOS pauayjNsUuy Z°1°C cz'b-g'0: gf) A“ Lala bh ona ‘ = Sos oq = Pu NA 9'BL = Ol SoaeB OOF a % q N ww p'O4L = ziez-9'S-O0L + OOl = 7 1@UOZ UOJSUA} U} PjaM ay) JO UOHesI9,, pasinbas Buruayiys ou —-- Pu ML/H" Z'0 = L'L/,OL*O0L*S'8*SEZ*Z'0 = NX L'ZZb < NA S'L6Z = - N4S'L62 = b'b/Obe(peed + 2z*2 + S'8)S'B*SEz = WLP LZ + 92 + I) YS ory Jo N41 9'90P = U'L/Ob* ((epbSEz)ez + (2292 + S'8)*S'8*SEZ) = MLA) 2+ Pe + 4) VD = puny 180J0} Jey 18040} JeEaYS suWNjoo juewow Bulpuag sweeg juawow Bulpueg Buypeo) ‘2 :eGuey uorssaidwoo :qam :aBuey uolsua} SSOUHDIYY JEOIUY 002 3d) = ‘weaq VO00€ 3H :uunjoo weyshs "| :eBuey uwnjoo peuayysuf) Lhe reuoz uojsual LE SOUER}S/seJ JUBWOW ay} Jo UONeU]WIa}0Q"E SNASE — wmou) OL ————* as one wn0s (raoef cozaar § 4 9 se SI@UAHNS JNOYJIM UOHOBUUOD UUN|OO-o}-Weeg pepjam :E"Z'e ajdwexy uonenajeyd ‘yd}eHS ‘Ws|qold‘lez's esn6iy) 6€'s 91qe] Wo} peureyqo ""q Upeesg eanoaye Ue YIM Jequew UoIsseJdWos & se gem ey} Guepisucs Aq peuleigo eq pinoys ™ Sy eours|ses Buyyyong ey) ‘yuyeRSe! FeUOHONSUCD Aq peyueaaid oq Ajyewou pjnoys epow Aems oy “ww € = B sB Uasoyo eq Aew sseuxo]yy yeOUUY WNW -IUJW @Y} @UOZ UOJSseJdWOS ey} U! eJ0je/e4 1 "}9e} -uoo Aq peonpo.ju! s! 6010} Uo|ssesdwoo ay) ‘Buipueq pure eJ0) [eIxe 0} ENP UWN]OCS ey} jo Gam ey} UI SSONS JEWWOU eAIsseJdWOS WNWIXeWW 64} -“o Aseyuawwoy LOL Ny 6'L9E = ™°4 :aU0Z UOIssaJdWOd ay} JO BoURYS!Sey +——- ‘ r ee N46'L9E = L'L/,.0leSez*6zes'seze9'0 = ™*Y €289'0 = X —- 9 anno Buyjyonq Buisfy) y 6'S6 PSr'Z 2b So've WM PSP'S = “OL Per 2WW ,01°S9'be = S'8°062 = V ww . ‘P= — ot =| * Ob Fer’ h 39.8 062 WW PpZb = 062°9'0 = Yye9'0 = 7 :euey suonesdde peo] jo jujod ay) ye seGuey ay} ye JUyesj}seJ |EUONE}OJ PUB /eJ9}e| ye JO SUOIIPUOD EY} WO PpeUlWe}ep eq Pinoys Jeqwew UO|ssaJdWOO jenyIA ey) jo YGUe] BuIpjong ey) —ar ww 06z = °y = ""q [z's ‘(e)t ver] tepow Aems-uoy sos :6uyyong 0} qam uWNjOo ayy Jo eouRys}ses UBjseq Z'Z'E N4 L'€0r = b'l/,.Olezer © S'8 * Sz = om eg My = mae wo zzz = (4a + vl)S +e*z}e+ SB = (1+ o+ ezfze He "q O'L < ZI'L = S€z/SeeL'tes'O- Sz'L = “Y/P*o"MLo'9 - Sz'L 2WW/N SE = ,OL°09Z81/1Eb*,01eSE + OL°ELL/,OleOLL = 2° 1/9 °W + W/PN = MO ww LeL = (plez - 062)% = (IZ- WH = 2 ony, wt waleisto- seu] = 4 [rer] qeM UWN\OD peuaynsuN jo souE}sjseu Buyysnis ubyseq |Z" - @uoz uojsseidwios Z2°¢ eouelejoy uoneinajey ‘yo}eXS ‘We|qosdAreyuswiwos Sb'9 a1qeL eves [e's'9'9) [s'p's] z'e's [z'¢'s] p'e’s [v's] eve's [sz'r] ees eouesejoy z0l tony = Ob S@b pum NA OLL < NX 2°86 = Gora By 4 Jo S2e‘L-8'0- e/ “hd ph | NY OLL < NY C'REL = ¢-OL- Z6S1-€- D0E - 1e— = Pony uPIaM Gam, a4} JO UONBIYHEA 9°E MI ond WN SP < WN 2'Zh = » OL Sez 0h lz = 7 Hay = Pd :eouejsises jUBWOW papeau s| seays - Bulpuaq uojoesaju) ou +—~ ">, = NOE < NX L'69 = AS'O LL: ef OM) sf pa N4 O€ < N¥ L'SEL = ¢-OL- Se pret = Ty = PUA :@OUB}SISOJ JEAYS WPOd dU} JO BDUR}S/SO/ UO!}DES-SSOID SE WN» O'Sp < WNX9'SS = ,.01 (S'8 - O02) s'Lez = "W Nx S'6z = Hy = “My N4 p'eoe = "4 euoz seays Ny 6'I9e = °y eUuOZ UOIssaidWOD NX S'L6z = "4 auoz uolsUe) S@POW SINE} |EAUEIOg (44> Su) “3 = YW {UONIeUUOD eYy Jo JUeWOW Bulpuag F'c N»4 p'eoe = 4 :euoz Jeays ayy jo eouR}sIsey -—- Mh: gh MA SA ‘SOE = ° = = Pa Ny cOl Orope see yy” A pasjnbas uoneoyen Bulpyong seeys ou ~— 269 = 69 > S'bz = S'8/80z = 1/P J@UOZ IBEYS OY) JO SOUR}S|SOY C'E uonenajey ‘Yyd}eHXS ‘Ws|qoldJoueyis - 3s ML [qe yo") 0} yenbe eGuey) weeq ay} jo aduRjsise) UB)s -8P |IN} ey} dojerep 0} pauBlsep eq pjnoys uWN| -09 ay} 0} eGuel) Wee ay) BujseuU0e spjam eyL Aseyuawwoy Ol scot S29 SCBL Se rm) = wu/N e'202 > ,wWw/N O'09 = (,p'8r + ,'SE)A = "9 ;ww/N Par = ,Ob+9'S2/,OLepa'l = 0 ,ww/N ¥'SE = ,01+9'6/,01+0're = “+ 06t 91 = 9'S/06 = 4/'q £'0 = 1'2/09110'0 + 1'0 < seo < 9s'o = 091/06 = °a/'q = 9 Aypyea yo eBuey 1°f SOUEISISO/ OY} JO UONBUIWI9}0Q “E (2010) uorsue)) NX 092 = °?N (8910) uojssesdoD) N41 00p = "*'N (e010) uolssexdwog) = N4S9E = °° N (eoJ0) uolssesdwioD) N»¥ O88 = °°N Buypeo? ‘Zz ww 0S = 6 deB :uesoyo Ocr 24 opesB jeeg = paysiuy joy ‘9'¢ XO6 SHY equwew Buloeg OLS 24 eper6 joes = peysiuy yoy -1'2 X09 SHH ‘sequelu ployD se18Q wif AZ t Wied, at a at wc N4L8 N4LO ont wayshg "1 jujof sapsj6 eonye| UONDes MOI|OH :G*z'E a|duexy uoHeEnajey ‘YdjJeHS ‘Wese|qold“@OUR}S|SOJ Jequiaw ayy uey JeyBiy Jo yenba s| pjam ayy jo souEys|sel a4} Payyin} S| [(p)°S"M] U} UOUEIO oUt H [(y)'s"] [z2'y e19e1 wey) [yew] Aseyuawwoy eouslajay ww S = B :uasoyo 1 SOME wu 6p = 9S cay yy 480 = +) On sop MA h =" yas la LL 49028 uBisap pla €'E WL /yy = FN = NY B'SOp > *°'N enw « agin te'O% NOS go'seuIs | NA ¥'v0y = ¥8'0—5.— |" x17 g'ge 8 ny ‘guis ——Yy 4 tg = Pi], Vb 4 Oar, 768 N gs‘ g ‘ ‘7 = ———— - 4‘) s - ‘p= OL > #80 sooro eb ur'o eh 4 S5e-0l-zily = ™ $9'0 = S06: 0l-2 = _ IV =U :Aquajoyyje ayy jo UONBU]WI9}0q paysnes <—sS'0- < L0'0- = 091/€'2- ‘ 2 _ Wee + z’ee)uis eases | tu C'S" = oer Fees \%* ~ 06 - ++ ys “gus ‘quis %y ty ‘AOUjUee.a 8y} JO UOITEOyUE/, @ouRys!Seu JUIOL Ze ah z b z Fo ae , Tous Zz tours 2) ne uonenajeyD ‘Yyd}eHXsS ‘wslqold3.3 Pin connections This example demonstrates the verification of pin connections assuming design values of action effects (Ng4, Veg, Mgq, etc) which have been calculated by an analysis of the structure and these values already include y, y, etc. The results presented in the examples are rounded values. For the purpose of easy re-calculation each formula and each check is calculated with the rounded values. Example 3.3.1: Pin connection 107ze/,px = "M Ayoujueo -08 plone 0} peGBuee aq PINOYs SUONOeUUOD Uld 8/(hz + Ve +N = OW Aq payeinayeo s! yJoq ey} Ul yUeWoW Bujpueg ey) “pau -inbad S| UO!2}0) 891) J] pasn s| UONOeUUOO & YoNS Aseyuawwoy gol > evo» (S02). (aet). (3). (at) O'L > 680 = Nooez) * Aget) ~ AP)” Aw [z:5°9 e1qeL] - Bulpueg pue seays UoNoesa}U| S€ . . stk ze, MA . WN E'b < WNA 88'L = 9 Ol Ops Tog. 80 * a "um s'o = WW [z's'9 a19e1] : uid yo aoueysisai Bulpueg ve gz'l ond pwa NX» O'OEZ < NY 9'2EZ = ¢ Ob yz 9E-08'S't = ay Paste 4 [z's'9 91921) - ujd pue eyejd jo eauejsjsei Buyeag ee ‘ ow, ' ‘ sob oP # ein = PHA N4 O'0ES < NX G'OGE = ¢-Ol- Gop oe 2 9'0 wm, 90 4 [z's'9 e921) - ud ay} Jo eouR}s]Se1 JOYS ze WW Op = 9 :uasoyo uD ww gg = £ + 82022 & , iz, 6’ sohsel-ote °p AL Py 0zt ww 09 = ® :uesoyo { ‘ Y k € SLé:02-2 € 442 wu 2s= gez* rseloc "pg Wy <” 02 [9's‘9 e192) sw OZ = } SSoUyD]UyR eYE]d Aq eye]d 40) SUON|pPUOD Jeo|j.eWOeD Le - eoURTs!se, Uld oly Jo UOMBUWI9}0q ‘€ [z1's'9 eun614) (2010) uo}ssesdwos) ww 6€ = °p —- 88 ‘SEW eoualajoy (oq ey uJ UewWoW Bulpueq) wy Be'L = 8/,.O1e(Zb9z+ bob +02)°"N = SW N»4 O'0EZ = "N Bujpeo> 4 Otr e4 :epe6 jeais weyshs | ww 0z = }‘ww2z) = 4 ww) = Vv ‘wwge =p cud esyf uonoauuod uid "Ee" ajdwexy uonenajey ‘YyoyeHS ‘wejqoldAnnex A Values of the reduction factor x for _ the appropriate non-dimensional slenderness A of buckling curves a,, a, b, c, d are given in the following tables 109Reduction factors y for buckling curve a, (a = 0,13) 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 0,9973 0,9917 0,9903 0,9874 0,9859 0,9829 0.9767 0,9751 0,9718 0,9701 0,9667 0,9593 0,9574 0,9534 0,9513 0,9470 0,9378 0,9354 0,9302 0,9276 0,9220 0,9099 0,9066 0,8997 0,8961 0, 8886 0,8721 0,8676 0,8582 0,8533 0,8431 0,8208 0,8148 0,8025 0,7961 0,7828 0,7549 0,7476 0,7329 0,7253 0,7101 0,6793 0,6715 0,6560 0,6482 0,6329 0,6026 0,5951 0,5804 0,5732 0,5590 0,5314 0,5248 0,5117 0,5053 0,4927 0,4687 0,4629 0,4516 0,4461 0,4353 0.4147 0,4097 0,4001 0,3953 0,3861 0,3685 0,3643 0,3560 0,3520 0,3441 0,3291 0,3255 0,3184 0,3150 0,3083 0,2954 0,2923 0, 2862 0, 2833 0,2775 0,2664 0,2637 0,2585 0,2559 0,2509 0,2414 0,2390 0,2345 0,2323 0,2280 0,2196 0,2176 0,2136 0,2117 0,2079 0,2006 0,1989 0,1954 0,1937 0,1904 0,1840 0,1824 0,1794 0,1779 0,1749 0,1693 0,1679 0, 1652 0,1639 0,1613 0,1563 0,1550 0,1526 0,1515 0,1491 0,1447 0,1436 0,1414 0,1404 0, 1383 0,1343 0,1333 0,1314 0,1305 0, 1286 0,1250 0,1242 0,1224 0,1216 0,1199 0,1167 0,1159 0,1143 0,1136 0,1120 0,1091 0,1084 0,1070 0,1063 0,1049 0,1023 0,1016 0,1003 0,0997 0,0985 0,0960 0,0955 0,0943 0,0937 0,0926 0,0904 0,0898 0,0888 0, 0882 0,0872 0,0852 0,0847 0,0837 0, 0832 0,0823 0,0804 0,0800 0,0791 0,0786 0,0778 0,0761 0,0756 0,0748 0,0744 0,0736 0,0720 0,0717 0,0709 110Reduction factors y for buckling curve a (a = 0,21) 0,00 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 | 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 0,9956 0,9934 0,9912 0,9844 0,9821 0,9798 0,9775 0,9728 0,9704 0,9680 0,9605 0,9580 0,9554 0,9528 0,9474 0,9447 0,9419 0,9333 0,9304 0,9273 0,9243 0,9179 0,9147 0,9114 0,9010 0,8974 0,8937 0,8900 0,8823 0,8783 0,8742 0,8614 0,8569 0,8524 0,8477 0,8382 0,8332 0,8282 0,8124 0,8069 0,8014 0,7957 0,7841 0,7781 0,7721 0,7534 0,7470 0,7405 0,7339 0,7206 0,7139 0,7071 0,6865 0,6796 0,6726 0, 6656 0,6516 0,6446 0,6376 0,6167 0,6098 0,6029 0,5960 0,5824 0,5757 0,5690 0,5492 0,5427 0,5363 0,5300 0.5175 0,5114 0,5053 0,4875 0,4817 0,4760 0,4703 0,4593 0,4538 0,4485 0,4329 0,4278 0,4228 0,4179 0,4083 0,4036 0,3989 0,3854 0,3810 0,3767 0,3724 0,3641 0.3601 0,3561 0,3444 0.3406 0,3369 0,3332 0,3261 0,3226 0,3191 0,3091 0,3058 0,3026 0,2994 0,2933 0,2902 0,2872 0,2786 0,2757 0,2730 0,2702 0,2649 0,2623 0,2597 0,2522 0,2497 0,2473 0,2449 0,2403 0,2380 0,2358 0,2292 0,2271 0,2250 0,2229 0,2188 0,2168 0,2149 0,2091 0,2073 0,2054 0,2036 0,2001 0,1983 0,1966 0,1915 0,1899 0,1883 0, 1867 0,1836 0,1820 0,1805 0,1760 0,1746 0,1732 0,1717 0,1690 0,1676 0,1663 0,1623 0,1610 0,1598 0,1585 0,1560 0,1548 0,1536 0,1501 0,1490 0,1478 0,1467 0,1445 0,1434 0,1424 0,1392 0,1382 0,1372 0,1362 0.1342 0,1332 0,1323 0,1295 0.1285 0,1276 0,1267 0,1250 0,1241 0,1232 0.1207 0,1198 0,1190 0,1182 0,1166 0,1158 0,1150 0,1128 0,1120 0,1113 0,1105 0,1091 0,1084 0,1077 0,1056 0,1049 0,1042 0,1036 0,1022 0,1016 0,1010 0,0991 0,0985 0,0978 0,0972 0,0960 0,0954 0,0949 0,0931 0,0926 0,0920 0,0915 0,0904 0,0898 0,0893 0,0877 0,0872 0,0867 0, 0862 0,0852 0,0847 0,0842 0,0828 0,0823 0,0818 0,0814 0,0804 0,0800 0,0795 0,0782 0,0778 0,0773 0,0769 0,0761 0,0757 0,0752 0,0740 0,0736 0,0732 0,0728 0,0721 0,0717 0,0713 0,0702 0,0698 0,0694 1llReduction factors y for buckling curve b 0,00 0,01 0,02 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 0,9641 0,9261 0,8842 0,8371 0,7837 0,7245 0,6612 0,5970 0,5352 0,4781 0,4269 0,3817 0,3422 0,3079 0,2781 0,2521 0,2294 0,2095 0,1920 0,1765 0,1628 0,1506 0,1397 0,1299 0,1211 0,1132 0,1060 0,0994 0,0935 0,0880 0,0831 0,0785 0,0743 0,0704 1,0000 1,0000 0,9965 0,9604 0,9221 0,8798 0,8320 0,7780 0,7183 0,6547 0,5907 0,5293 0,4727 0,4221 0,3775 0,3386 0,3047 0,2753 0,2496 0,2272 0,2076 0,1903 0,1751 0,1615 0,1494 0,1387 0,1290 0,1203 0,1124 0,1053 0,0988 0,0929 0,0875 0,0826 0,0781 0,0739 0,0700 1,0000 1,0000 0,9929 0,9567 0,9181 0,8752 0,8269 0,7723 0,7120 0,6483 0,5844 0,5234 0,4674 0,4174 0,3734 0,3350 0,3016 0,2726 0,2473 0,2252 0,2058 0, 1887 0,1736 0,1602 0,1483 0,1376 0,1281 0,1195 0,1117 0,1046 0,0982 0,0924 0,0870 0,0821 0,0776 0,0735 0, 0697 0,03 1,0000 1,0000 0,9894 0,9530 0,9140 0,8707 0,8217 0,7665 0,7058 0,6419 0,5781 0,5175 0,4621 0,4127 0,3693 0,3314 0,2985 0, 2699 0,2449 0,2231 0,2040 0,1871 0,1722 0,1590 0,1472 0, 1366 0,1272 0,1186 0,1109 0,1039 0,0976 0,0918 0,0865 0,0816 0,0772 0,0731 0, 0693 1,0000 1,0000 0,9858 0,9492 0,9099 0,8661 0,8165 0,7606 0,6995 0,6354 0,5719 0,5117 0,4569 0,4081 0,3653 0,3279 0,2955 0,.2672 0,2426 0,2211 0,2022 0,1855 0,1708 0,1577 0,1461 0,1356 0,1263 0,1178 0,1102 0,1033 0,0970 0,0912 0, 0860 0,0812 0,0768 0,0727 0, 0689 1,0000 1,0000 0,9822 0,9455 0,9057 0,8614 0,8112 0,7547 0,6931 0,6290 0,5657 0,5060 0,4517 0,4035 0,3613 0,3245 0,2925 0,2646 0,2403 0,2191 0,2004 0,1840 0,1694 0,1565 0,1450 0,1347 0,1254 0,1170 0,1095 0,1026 0,0964 0,0907 0,0855 0,0807 0,0763 0,0723 0, 0686 112 1,0000 1,0000 0,9786 0,9417 0,9015 0, 8566 0,8058 0,7488 0, 6868 0,6226 0,5595 0,5003 0, 4466 0,3991 0,3574 0,3211 0,2895 0,2620 0,2381 0,2171 0, 1987 0,1825 0,1681 0,1553 0,1439 0,1337 0,1245 0,1162 0,1088 0,1020 0,0958 0,0902 0,0850 0, 0803 0,0759 0,0719 0, 0682 1,0000 1,0000 0,9750 0,9378 0,8973 0,8518 0,8004 0,7428 0,6804 0,6162 0,5534 0,4947 0,4416 0,3946 0,3535 0,3177 0, 2866 0,2595 0,2359 0,2152 0,1970 0,1809 0,1667 0,1541 0,1428 0,1327 0,1237 0,1155 0,1081 0,1013 0,0952 0, 0896 0,0845 0,0798 0,0755 0,0715 0,0679 1,0000 1,0000 0,9714 0,9339 0,8930 0,8470 0,7949 0,7367 0,6740 0,6098 0,5473 0,4891 0, 4366 0,3903 0,3497 0,3144 0, 2837 0,2570 0,2337 0,2132 0,1953 0,1794 0,1654 0,1529 0,1418 0,1318 0,1228 0,1147 0,1074 0,1007 0,0946 0,0891 0,0840 0,0794 0,0751 0,0712 0,0675 1,0000 1,0000 0,9678 0,9300 0, 8886 0,8420 0,7893 0,7306 0,6676 0,6034 0,5412 0,4836 0,4317 0,3860 0,3459 0,3111 0,2809 0,2545 0,2315 0,2113 0,1936 0,1780 0,1641 0,1517 0,1407 0,1308 0,1219 0,1139 0,1067 0,1001 0,0940 0, 0886 0,0835 0,0789 0,0747 0,0708 0,0672Reduction factors x for buckling curve c 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 0,9491 0,8973 0,8430 0,7854 0,7247 0, 6622 0,5998 0,5399 0,4842 0, 4338 0,3888 0,3492 0,3145 0,2842 0,2577 0,2345 0,2141 0,1962 0,1803 0,1662 0,1537 0,1425 0,1325 0.1234 0.1153 0,1079 0,1012 0,0951 0,0895 0,0844 0,0797 0,0754 0,0715 0,0678 0,01 1,0000 1,0000 0,9949 0,9440 0,8920 0,8374 0,7794 0,7185 0,6559 0,5937 0, 5342 0,4790 0,4290 0, 3846 0,3455 0,3113 0,2814 0, 2553 0,2324 0,2122 0,1945 0,1788 0,1649 0,1525 0,1415 0,1315 0,1226 0,1145 0,1072 0,1006 0,0945 0,0890 0, 0839 0,0793 0,0750 0,0711 0,0675 0,02 1,0000 1,0000 0,9898 0,9389 0,8867 0,8317 0,7735 0,7123 0,6496 0,5876 0,5284 0,4737 0,4243 0,3805 0,3419 0,3081 0,2786 0,2528 0,2302 0,2104 0,1929 0,1774 0, 1636 0,1514 0,1404 0,1306 0,1217 0,1137 0,1065 0,0999 0,0939 0,0885 0,0835 0,0789 0,0746 0,0707 0,0671 0,03 1,0000 1,0000 0,9847 0,9338 0,8813 0,8261 0,7675 0,7060 0,6433 0,5815 0,5227 0,4685 0,4197 0,3764 0,3383 0,3050 0,2759 0,2504 0,2281 0,2085 0,1912 0,1759 0,1623 0,1502 0,1394 0,1297 0,1209 0,1130 0,1058 0,0993 0,0934 0,0879 0, 0830 0,0784 0,0742 0,0703 0, 0668 0,04 1,0000 1,0000 0,9797 0,9286 0,8760 0,8204 0,7614 0,6998 0,6371 0,5755 0,5171 0,4634 0,4151 0,3724 0,3348 0,3019 0,2732 0,2481 0,2260 0,2067 0, 1896 0,1745 0,1611 0,1491 0,1384 0,1287 0,1201 0,1122 0,1051 0,0987 0,0928 0,0874 0,0825 0,0780 0,0738 0,0700 0, 0664 (a = 0,49) 0,05 1,0000 1,0000 0,9746 0,9235 0,8705 0,8146 0,7554 0,6935 0,6308 0,5695 0,5115 0,4583 0,4106 0,3684 0,3313 0,2989 0,2705 0,2457 0,2240 0,2049 0, 1880 0,1731 0,1598 0,1480 0,1374 0,1278 0,1193 0,1115 0,1045 0,0981 0,0922 0, 0869 0,0820 0,0775 0,0734 0, 0696 0,0661 113 1,0000 1,0000 0,9593 0,9078 0,8541 0,7972 0,7370 0,6747 0,6122 0,5516 0,4950 0,4434 0,3974 0,3567 0,3211 0,2900 0,2627 0,2389 0,2180 0,1996 0,1833 0, 1689 0,1561 0,1446 0,1344 0,1252 0,1168 0.1093 0,1025 0,0963 0, 0906 0,0854 0, 0806 0,0763 0,0722 0,0685 0,0651 0,1243 0,1161 0,1086 0,1018 0,0957 0,0901 0,0849 0,0802 0,0759 0,0719 0, 0682 0, 0647Reduction factors y for buckling curve d (a = 0,76) 0,00 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 0,9921 0,9843 0,9765 0,9688 0,9535 0,9459 0,9384 0,9309 0,9235 0,9160 0,9086 0,9013 0,8939 0,8793 0,8721 0,8648 0,8576 0,8504 0,8432 0,8360 0,8289 0,8218 0,8075 0,8005 0,7934 0,7864 0,7793 0,7723 0,7653 0,7583 0,7514 0,7375 0,7306 0,7237 0,7169 0,7100 0,7032 0,6964 0,6897 0,6829 0,6695 0,6629 0,6563 0,6497 0,6431 0.6366 0,6301 0,6237 0,6173 0,6046 0,5983 0,5921 0,5859 0,5797 0,5736 0,5675 0,5615 0,5556 0,5438 0,5379 0,5322 0,5265 0,5208 0,5152 0,5096 0,5041 0,4987 0,4879 0,4826 0,4774 0,4722 0,4671 0,4620 0,4570 0,4521 0,4472 0,4375 0,4328 0,4281 0,4235 0,4189 0,4144 0,4099 0,4055 0,4012 0,3926 0,3884 0,3843 0,3802 0,3762 0,3722 0,3683 0,3644 0,3605 0,3530 0,3493 0,3457 0,3421 0,3385 0,3350 0,3316 0,3282 0,3248 0.3182 0,3150 0,3118 0,3086 0,3055 0,3024 0,2994 0,2964 0,2935 0,2877 0,2849 0,2821 0,2793 0,2766 0,2739 0,2712 0,2686 0,2660 0,2609 0,2585 0,2560 0,2536 0,2512 0,2488 0,2465 0,2442 0,2419 0,2375 0,2353 0,2331 0,2310 0,2289 0,2268 0,2248 0,2228 0,2208 0,2168 0,2149 0,2130 0,2112 0,2093 0,2075 0,2057 0,2039 0,2021 0,1987 0,1970 0,1953 0,1936 0,1920 0,1904 0,1888 0,1872 0,1856 0,1826 0,1810 0,1796 0,1781 0,1766 0,1752 0,1738 0,1724 0,1710 0,1683 0,1669 0,1656 0,1643 0,1630 0,1617 0,1604 0,1592 0,1580 0,1555 0,1543 0,1532 0,1520 0,1508 0,1497 0,1486 0,1474 0,1463 0,1442 0,1431 0,1420 0,1410 0,1399 0,1389 0,1379 0,1369 0,1359 0,1340 0,1330 0,1320 0,1311 0,1302 0,1292 0,1283 0,1274 0,1265 0,1248 0,1239 0,1231 0,1222 0,1214 0,1205 0,1197 0,1189 0,1181 0,1165 0,1157 0,1149 0,1142 0,1134 0,1127 0,1119 00,1112 0,1104 0,1090 0,1083 0,1076 0,1069 0,1062 0,1055 0,1048 0,1042 0,1035 0,1022 0,1016 0,1009 0,1003 0,0997 0,0990 0,0984 0,0978 0,0972 0,0960 0,0954 0,0948 0,0943 0,0937 0,0931 0,0926 0,0920 0,0914 0,0904 0,0898 0,0893 0,0888 0,0882 0,0877 0,0872 0,0867 0,0862 0,0852 0,0847 0,0842 0,0837 0,0832 0,0828 0,0823 0,0818 0,0814 0,0804 0,0800 0,0795 0,0791 0,0786 0,0782 0,0778 0,0773 0,0769 0,0761 0,0757 0,0752 0,0748 0,0744 0,0740 0,0736 0,0732 0,0728 0.0721 0,0717 0,0713 0,0709 0,0705 0,0702 0,0698 0,0694 0,0691 0,0683 0,0680 0,0676 0,0673 0,0669 0,0666 0,0663 0,0659 0,0656 0,0649 0,0646 0,0643 0,0639 0,0636 0,0633 0,0630 0,0627 0,0624 0,0617 0,0614 0,0611 0,0608 114

Eccs Examples Do Eurocode 3 - 1993

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