Você está na página 1de 52

ST – 511 - 2007

Referência bibliográfica:

Mecânica Técnica e Resistência dos materiais


Sarkis Melconian
!
"#$ % "& '()'*+, "' %(#-)'./& "# 0)#' "&, 1)&"2(&,
#%()# &, %$ % (+, 3 &, "' 0)#' 42# 5&3 16# 23 '
,21#)$75 # #3 )#8'./& ', ,2', " ,(9%5 ', "& # :&
)#$#)#%5 '8; #8#*'"', '& 42'")'"&
: < =" # > < ?= "

%08 ,# " 3 #%, &%'8 "# @


B
[ A < [ A= [ A = < [ A

B B B
, 2% "'"#, "# ,/& < 3 3 &2 53 &2 3
&3 #%(& 1&8') "# %+)5 ' #3 )#8'./& D &) -#3 @
< ) "
C
1

E,@ "#,"# 42#@ ) < : F > ; 1 < : F >

21#)$75 # 5#%()7$2-'@ < :> G


&3 #%(& 5#%()7$2-& &2 1)&"2(& "# %+)5 '@ :> < :> "

H @
IJ 3 &3 #%(& "# %+)5 '; %&,
$&)%#5# " 3 #%, &%'83 #%(#; & 42'%(&
23 ' "#(#)3 %'"' ,#./& + * 0*#8
#,(0( 5'3 #%(#
JK 2'%(& 3 ' &) $&) & *'8&) "&
3 &3 #%(& "# %+)5 '; 3 ' , )#, ,(#%(#
,#)0 ' 1#.'
'E#3 &, 42# ? # ,/& ', 5&&)"#%'"', "& 5#%()& "#
-)'* "'"# "#,(' 1#.' 5&%L2-'"'; 82,()'"' 'E' :&

%(/&@

M ?I F ? N I
I
? <
M I F N I

M I I F N
<
M I F N

%'8&-'3 #%(#; 1&"# ,#) 2,'"& 1')' 5&3 E %'.6#, "# 3 ' , "# "2',
,#.6#, , 3 18#, ', 1')' ,#.6#, 5&3 18#:',; + 3 #8O&) 2,') 23 1)&-)'3 '
"# %(#-)'./& -)0$ 5'
(# %#) P )'%,8'./& "# # :&,

&3 ? # ; 42# ,/& # :&, ,&E)# & ; "# 23 ' ,21#)$75 #; "#(#)J
3 %0*#8 ,# (&)%' & 3 &3 #%(& "# %+)5 ' "#,(' ,21#)$75 # #3 )#8'./&
' 23 &2()& # :& 1')'8#8& :1 # >1 #3 ? # #3 ; '18 5'%"&J,# &
(#&)#3 ' "# (# %#); ',, 3 @
>1
8: "
: Jxp = A
( y + ly )² dA
>

Jyp = A
( x + lx )² dA
8>

:1
Jxp = ( y + ly )² dA + 2ly y + dA+ly ² dA veja que 2ly y + dA ² = 0
A A A A A
Pois x é o baricentro
Jxp = y² + ly ² dA Jxp = Jx + ly ². A
A A

>1
8: "
:

> Q '3 &, "#(#)3 %') & >1

8>

:1
Jyp = A
( x + lx )² dA Jyp = A
( x + lx ² )
A
A
veja que 2ly A y + dA ² = 0
Jyp = x² dA + 2lx x dA + lx ² dA Pois y é o baricentro
A A A

Jyp = x² dA + lx.ly ² dA
>1 A A

8: "
:

>
Jyp = Jy + lx ² . A

8>

:1
,, 3 ; & 3 &3 #%(& "# %+)5 ' "# 23 ' ,21#)$75 # 18'%'; #3 )#8'./& D
23 # :& 1')'8#8& '& # :& "& 5#%()& "# -)'* "'"#; + &E( "& 1#8&
1)&"2(& #%()# ' 0)#' "' ,21#)$75 # # ' " ,(9%5 ' #%()# '& # :&,
1')'8#8&,; #8#*'"& '& 42'")'"&; ,(& +@

Jlx = Jx + . ly² Jly = Jy + . lx²

>1

8:

CG

8>

:1
,42#3 ' )#1)#,#%('( *& @

Jy = A . Ix² & 1)&"2(& "' " ,(9%5 ' "& '& # :&
)#$#)#%5 '8 #8#*'"' '& 42'")'"& 5&3 '
0)#' (&('8 "' ,21#)$75 #
>

: Jx = A . Iy ²
?

#(#)3 %'J,# & )0 & "# - )'./& "' ,21#)$75 #;42'%"& "#(#)3 %'"& $&) &
*'8&) "& 3 &3 #%(& "# %+)5 '; # #:1)#,,' 1#8' )' R 42'")'"' "' )#8'./&
%()# & 3 &3 #%(& "# %+)5 ' # ' 0)#' "' ,21#)$75 #

Jx Jx IG
B
ix= ix= [i]= { [L] / [L] } = [ L ]
A A
' )#8'./& #%()# & 3 &3 #%(& "# %+)5 ' "& # :& "& 5&3 '
" ,(9%5 ' "#,(# # :& '(+ ' E&)"' 3 ' , #:()#3 ' "' ,#./& #3
#,(2"&
Jx
Wx=
ymáx.
?
CG Jx
3 0: Wy=
xmáx.

:3 0:

B
[J] [L]
S
[W]= = = [L]
x ou y [L]
; #

T @ K
Y
4
(a)
J(x,y) =
12

b X

a 3
i(x,y) =
6

a
3
a
W(xy) =
6
; #

@
Y
4
( .d )
J(x,y) =
64

d
X d
i(x,y) =
4

3
.d
W(xy) =
32
; #

@
Y
4 4
(D – d )
J(x,y) =
D 64

X
d
2 2
D + d
i(x,y) =
4

4 4
(D – d )
W(x,y) =
32D
; #

Y
4
(a)
J(x,y) =
12
a

a 3
i(x,y) =
b

3
a 2
W(xy) =
12
; #

U U @
Y
3 3
( b.h ) ( h.b )
Jx = Jy =
36 36
h
X
h 2 b 2
ix = iy =
6 6
b

b.h ² h.b ²
Wx = Wy =
24 24
; #

@
Y
4 4
(a)–(b)
J(x,y) =
b

12
a

a ² +`b ²
i(x,y) =
a

b
12

4 4
2( a + b )
i(x,y) =
12a
; #

J C @

Jx = 0,1098 r 4 Jy = 0,3927 r 4

r
ix = 0,2640 r iY = 0,5000 r

Wx = 0,1900 r3 Wy = 0,3927 r3
; #

V C @

4
: < > < W;WX BY )
Y

r : < > < W; Z BW )

3
: < > < W;WY X3S )
; #

C @
[E'\ ['E\
)#' <['E : < ] > <
B B
Y

'
3 0:

:< < ] > < <


4
'

[E'\ [E'=
: < ] : <
B' B
E 3
['E\ ['E=
? 3 0:
> < ] > <
BE B
C :>

' %(#-)'8 "# 0)#' "&, 1)&"2(&, #%()# 1#42#%', $)'.6#, "# 0)#'
¨" ¨ "# 23 ' ,21#)$75 # #3 )#8'./& D, 5&&)"#%'"', )#$#)#%5 '"', D
23 # :&

x dA
:> < ^ :>"
y

X
Q K

#1#%"#%"& "' 1&, ./& "' ,21#)$75 # #3 )#8'./& '& # :& )#$#)#%5 '8
? # ; & 1)&"2(& %#)5 '8; 1&"#)0 ,#) 1&, ( *&; %#-'( *& &2 '(+ %28&
#)0 1&, ( *& 42'%"& 1)#"&3 %') %& I_ # S_ 42'")'%(# # %#-'( *& %&
_ # B_ 42'")'%(#; # ,#)0 %28& 42'%"& O&2*#) # :& "# , 3 #() '

X<0 X>0
Y>0 Y>0 I_ # S_ K :> > W
X _ # B_ K :> ` W
:> < W
X<0 X>0
Y<0 Y<0
a ¨ ¨ @

#%(/&@ 1 < ' ) " '

E,@
0 23 5&%" 5 &%'%(#; ,(& +@
"#,"# 42#@ ) < : F >

1 < ' M: F > N"' 1 <[[ ' : "' F ' > "' A 1 < : F >

21#)$75 # 5#%()7$2-'@ < : > G


&3 #%(& 5#%()7$2-& &2 1)&"2(& "# %+)5 '@

: > < : > "


(# %#) P )'%,1&)(# "# # :&,

&3 ? # ; 42# ,/& # :&, ,&E)# & ; "# 23 ' ,21#)$75 #; "#(#)J
3 %0*#8 ,# (&)%' & 3 &3 #%(& "# %+)5 ' "#,(' ,21#)$75 # #3 )#8'./&
' 23 &2()& # :& 1')'8#8& 2 #3 ? # * #3 ; '18 5'%"&J,# &
(#&)#3 ' "# (# %#); ',, 3 @
* Juv = (y + a)(x + b) dA
A
Y
E :
" Juv = xyd F a^A :" F E^A>" F 'E ^A "
A

&3 & &, # :&, : # > 1',,'3 1#8& ;


> (#3 J,#@
X
a ^ :" < W # ^ >" < W
A A

' # E <W 1&) ,#)#3 #3 $2%./& "& # :&


: # > 42# 1',,'3 1#8&
2
%(/&@ 2* < :> F ' E
C

T @ K
Y

a X

a Jxy = 0

b X

a
C

C @ Y
a
Y

Jxy = 0
C

U U @
Y

h
X
ME= O=N
:> <
b b
C

V C @

4
r :> <JW;WIZ S )
X
C

J C @

Jx = - 0,0163 r
r 4
x
?

H ',# (#c) 5'@

IJ #8& "# 23 ' ,21#)$75 #; 1',,'3 %$ % (&, # :&,; #


%23 "#,,#, # :&,; 1',,'3 &, 1')#, "# 3 #%&) # 3 ' &)
3 &3 #%(& "# %+)5 '
J "# 3 ' &) 3 &3 #%(& #,(')0 3 ' , '$',('"& &2
" ,('%(# "&, #8#3 #%(&, "# ,21#)$75 #; 42# $&)3 '3 '
,21#)$75 # (&('8
SJ "# 3 #%&) 3 &3 #%(& #,(')0 3 ' , 1#)(& &2 1)c: 3 &
"&, #8#3 #%(&, "# ,21#)$75 #; 42# $&)3 '3 ' ,21#)$75 #
(&('8
?
Y

u
.
ín
Jm
Jmáx. = 0,5(Jx+Jy) + (Jx-Jy)² + 4J²xy
v

Jm

"
áx
.

v
u

Jmín. = 0,5(Jx+Jy) - (Jx-Jy)² + 4J²xy


.
áx

αm
αm

ín.

. X
C.G.

Valores de α

α máx = Jx - Jy
tg.α Jxy e tg.α
α míx = Jx - Jy Jxy
?
Y
Então: α máx = α mín + 90°

u
.
ín
Jm
v

Jm

"
áx

,, 3 ,#%"&@
.

v
u

K 2'842#) 1') "# # :&, "#$','"&, "#


.
áx

αm
αm

Y Wd #%()# , ; # 42# 1',,'3 1#8&


ín.

"' ,21#)$75 #; (#)0 ' ,&3 ' "# ,#2,


. X
C.G. 3 &3 #%(&, "# %+)5 ' 5&%,('%(#

3 0: F 3 7% < : F >
!

"
Jp = ^ r² d
# "

Jp = ^A ( x² + y² ) d A

Jp = ^A x² d A + ^A y² d A

Portanto:
Jp = Jx + Jx
' )#8'./& #%()# & 3 &3 #%(& "# %+)5 ' 1&8') "' ,#./& #3
#,(2"& 5&3 & 5&3 1) 3 #%(& "& 1&8& 3 ' , " ,('%(# "' $'5# "'
,#./& #3 #,(2"&

1
4
[L] 3
< %08 ,# " 3 #%, &%'8 [ Wp ] = = [L]
[L]
) 0:

Y
3 1&)('%(# &E,#)*'./&@
:
30 $ % &
)
' ! (
X
!
% )
#
*
1 # 1

T @ K
Y
4
(a)
Jp =
6
b X

a
Wp = 0,23 a ³
1 # 1

T @
Y

b . h ( b² + h² )
Jp =
12

h X

b . h²
b
Wp =
3+ (1,8 . h/b)
1 # 1

@
Y

4
.d
Jp =
32
d
X

3
.d
Wp =
16
1 # 1

@
Y

4 4
(D – d )
D Jp =
32
X
d

4 4
(D – d )
Wp =
16D
1 # 1

K @
Y

4 4
(D )– a )
Jp =
a 32
D X

3 4
a
d – a
Wp = -
16D 3d
1 # 1
? Q @
Y

4
5 3 . a
Jp =
8
a
X
d

d³ 5 3a4
Wp = -
16 4d
1 # 1
Y

4
3 . a
Jp =
a

a
48
X

a a³
Wp =
20
? C
IJ #(#)3 %')@ Y
J &3 #%(&, "# %+)5 '@
J 0 & "# - )'./&@
a X
J c"28& "# )#, ,(e%5 '
"'"&,@
'<I b 3 3 ↔ M I ;b 53 N b
E<I b 3 3 ↔ M I ;b 53 N
#,&8*#%"&@
I IJ #(#)3 %'%"& &, 3 &3 #%(&, "# %+)5 ' @
4
'4 I ;b
,#./& 42'")'"'@ :< >< :< ><
I I

4 4
:< >< IZ b ;f b 53 ≅ IZ f 53
a 3
I J #(#)3 %'%"& &, )0 &, "# - )'./& @ i(x,y) =
6

12,7 3
4
ix = iy = = 3,67 cm
6
3
a
I SJ #(#)3 %'%"& &, 3 c"28&, "# )#, ,(e%5 ' @ W(xy) =
6

3
12,7
W(xy) = W(xy) = 341,4 cm ³
6
? C
J #(#)3 %')@ Y
J &3 #%(&, "# %+)5 '@
J 0 & "# - )'./&@
d X
J c"28& "# )#, ,(e%5 '
"'"&,@
"< X B3 3 ↔ M X ;B53 N

#,&8*#%"&@
IJ #(#)3 %'%"& &, 3 &3 #%(&, "# %+)5 ' @

4 4
.d .(25,4 ) 4
J(x,y) =20.431,7 cm
J(x,y) = J(x,y) =
64 64
d
J #(#)3 %'%"& &, )0 &, "# - )'./& @ i(x,y) =
4

25,4
i(x,y) = i(x,y) = 6,35 cm
4

SJ #(#)3 %'%"& &, 3 c"28&, "# )#, ,(e%5 ' @

3
3
.d
.25,4
W(xy) =
W(xy) = W(xy) = 1.608,80 cm ³
32
32
; #
SJ U U @
Y
S IJ #(#)3 %'%"& &, 3 &3 #%(&, "# %+)5 ' @

3
b. ( h )
381mm

Jx = jy =
X 36

381 mm = 38,1 cm
381 mm

3
4
38,1 x (38,1h )
Jx = jy = 58.532,54 cm
Jx = jy =
36
; #
SJ U U @
Y
S J #(#)3 %'%"& &, 3 &3 #%(&, "# %+)5 ' @

h 2
381mm

ix = iy =
X 6

381 mm

38,1 2
ix = iy = Jx = jy = 8,98 cm
6
; #
SJ U U @
Y S SJ #(#)3 %'%"& &, 3 c"28&, "# )#, ,(e%5 ' @


381mm

Wx = Wy =
X 24

381 mm

38,1³
Wx = Wy = Wx = Wy = 2304,43cm³
24
? C
BJ #(#)3 %')@ Y
J &3 #%(&, "# %+)5 '@
J 0 & "# - )'./&@
J c"28& "# )#, ,(e%5 '
a X
"'"&,@
'<ISX 3 3 ↔ M X ;W53 N
E< X W3 3 ↔ M IS;X 53 N
#,&8*#%"&@ b
B I'J #(#)3 %'%"& &, 3 &3 #%(&, "# %+)5 ' : @

3 3
' E X IS;X
,#./& 42'")'"'@ :< :<
I I

:<
4
X I X ;b f 53 ≅ X I Z 53 4
? C
BJ #(#)3 %')@ Y
J &3 #%(&, "# %+)5 '@
J 0 & "# - )'./&@
J c"28& "# )#, ,(e%5 '
a X
"'"&,@
'<ISX 3 3 ↔ M IS;X 53 N
E< X W3 3 ↔ M X ;W53 N
#,&8*#%"&@ b
B IEJ #(#)3 %'%"& &, 3 &3 #%(&, "# %+)5 ' > @

3 3
E ' IS;X X ;W
,#./& 42'")'"'@ >< ><
I I

4 4
><Ib X b f ;IS 53 ≅ Ib X b Y 53
B J #(#)3 %'%"& &, )0 &, "# - )'./& @

B 'J #(#)3 %'%"& &, )0 &, "# - )'./& : @

a 3 25,0 3
i(x) = ix = = 7,22 cm
6 6

B EJ #(#)3 %'%"& &, )0 &, "# - )'./& > @

b 3 13,5 3
i(y) = iy = = 3,90 cm
6 6
B SJ #(#)3 %'%"& &, 3 c"28&, "# )#, ,(e%5 ' @

B S'J #(#)3 %'%"& &, 3 c"28&, "# )#, ,(e%5 ' : @

3 3
b. (a ) 13,5 . (25,0 )
W(x) = W(x) = W(x) = 35.156,25 cm ³
6 6

B SEJ #(#)3 %'%"& &, 3 c"28&, "# )#, ,(e%5 ' > @

3 3
a. (b ) 25,0 . ( 13,5 )
W(y) = W(y) = W(y) = 10.251,56cm ³
6 6
POR ENQUANTO É SO !!!!!

TEM MAIS NA PRÓXIMA AULA !!!!!

PROF. HIROSHI PAULO YOSHIZANE


14 – 05 - 2007

Você também pode gostar