Table 2.1. Recommended inspection intervals of lighting systems in different working environments, Inspection interval Environment Activity or task area ‘Clean rooms, semi conductor plants, vary cleave) | Repl ie ese capt ayes leroee ie] | 7 |pores Z Clean (C) Offices, schools, hospital wards Shops, laboratories, restaurants, Normal (N) warehouses, assembly areas, workshops Steelworks, chemical works, Dirty (D) foundries, welding, polishing, woodwork * For reason of hygiene control, more frequent inspection may be required. Table 2.2. Approximate cleaning intervals (marked by X) for luminaires used in various ‘environments. Cleaning Intervals 3years 2years 1 year Environment ve} wlolveln}o lel no Luminaire type c c c ‘A, Bare batten g x x x B, Open top housing (natural ventilated) x x x bO+O4 C, Closed top housing (unventilated) SOYOYOU x ” x Dy Enclosed Pax x (x) x moo E, Dust proof IP5x @ x |x x F,, Enclosed indirect (uplight) w I x m| x G, Airhandling, forced ventilated where VC is very clean, C is clean, N is normal and D is dirty atmosphere in the environment (see Table 2.1). The selection of intervals is based on having a luminaire maintenance factor (LMF) of over 0,80.Table 2.3. Examples of luminaire types. Luminare types in Tat Luminaire descriptions A__| Bare batten bare lamp luminaires Direct-indirect luminaires without cover Direct-indirect luminaires with indirect reflector and ‘Open top housing (natural ventilated and ened opfical device so called "seif cleaning” ‘Wallwashing luminaires (vertical opening) ype) Wall mounted luminaires open top and base Downlights with open top Recessed and surface mounted luminaires (e.g. | Closed top housing ‘with louvers) (unventilated) Downlights, spotlights General purpose luminaires with closed covers and optics E _| Dust proof IP5x Dust proof IP5x (protected, clean room luminaires) Free standing, pendent, wall mounted uplighters with closed base, cove lights Air handling and forced ‘Air handling body and optic used with air ventilated conditioning or ventilation systems D_ | Enclosed 1P2x F Indirect lighting and uplight Luminaires C, D and F are not recommended for dirty environments.Table 3.1. Typical annual operating hours (burning hours). caeo en controls, No. of days_| _Hours/day ‘YesiNo* Period of occupancy Industrial Continuous Process: Two shifts Six dayshveek Single shift Six dayshveek Six daysiveek Offices Five dayshweek Schools Five daysiweek Hospital Tdaysiveek “Assuming adequate daylight is available during daytime for about haif the working days. As daylight penetration varies across the areas the switching or dimming arrangements will need to be organised accordingly. Note: Frequent switching of the lamps will reduce the lamp life, see Figure 3.2.Table 3.2. Typical examples of the lamp lumen maintenance factor (LLMF) and the lamp. survival factor (LSF) data. Its always advisable to consult manufacturers for detailed and up-to date lamp data. ‘Burning hours in thousand hours: on TT 274 Té[s] ol 2] o] mo] [incandescent | |-—— eater [sr TOO Oss] O.2] = [con TOO OSLO OT fogen, [csr Loo 190 0,7] 050] [Fluorescent ai- [cc 000.99} 0,98] 0.97] 055] 0.62] 050] 050/060} 0501050) hor Ics 00} 1,00] 1,001.00} 1,00] 0,960 880.58] 0,97 [0940.50 [Ficurescenta [orn 7.00 [0,990.95 [0.97] 0, wosphor [csr 0 A [Pissesee frre 000.98] 0.96 [0 wslophosphate {ESF radars FTO TOO LOOT = [cL [og 1,000.98] 0,97] 0.04[ 0.91 [0.60 087 [oe [Compact fuorescent Irs fog 1,00 0:99] 0,99 0,08 | 0:97 [0-94 [086[ 0.50 = [LL |moderate [1,00 [0990.97 [0,93 [ 0.85] 082] 0.80] 0,79] 0.78] 0.77] 076] ae [CSF [moderate [1-00] 1 000.990.2810 570.94} 0.60] 0.86079 [0.59 10.50) [Reta ratrae zSOraOO— [CCT TOO YO 38] 0.05] V0] ORL O.ET [UTE [ ORS] 0.63] OE 105, lwo? [cs — [om “Loo 0-99 0,8] 0.06097 0.92] 086] 0.80] 0,73] 0.651050 [Ceramie metal halide [CLA [bia “1000-95 0,87[ 0,750,721 0,68 [064] 0.60] 0.56] |isor1s0 wy [CSF To. 7,00 [0-991 0,99] 0,98 [0:98] 0,98 [0.95] 0.80] 0,50] [High pressure sodium |CLAF |modarate | 1.00] 1 000,08] 0,080.96 [0.97] 0.97] 0.97| 0.97 [098] 054,090 50/400 W) [USF —|moderate [7,00] 1.00] 1,00] 1,00] 0.95 0.99] 0990.99] 0:97] 0,950.92] 0:50 [cL [Data is changng too rapiay [Leo [ESF be [Data changing too rapidly "indicates diferences in LLM and LSF among lamps, which belong to the same lamp tpe catogory Differences ingroup of metal halides are extremely remarkable. Very high and very ow wattage lamps hive ‘significant shorter than values given here. Data of LED's changing repidly and no values can be given.Table 3.4. Examples of luminaire maintenance factors (LMF). For accurate data aways consult the manufacturer.Table 3.6. Table of Room Surface Maintenance Factor (RSMF) for direct flux distribution (OFF = 0,0). Refectances cating walsoor veretean | 1,00 [0,97 [0,96 [0.95 [095 [0.05 [0.95 ]095 [0.95 [0.95 095 [0.95 [0.95 clean (0,3 [0.92 [0.9 [091 Joo [091 [021 [0.91 [oor for [oor [oor 0,8000,700,20 normal ‘0,88 [0.86 [0.86 [0.5 [oes [0.85 [0.85 [055 [oss [oss [os [os ity (081 [0.60 [0.80 [0.0 [0,80 [0,20 [0.20 [0.50 [0.0 [o,s0 [0.80 [0.80 verretean [1,00 ]0.98 [0.97 [097 [a7 [oer [097 [oo [oar [oar [oar [oor [oor eloan 1.00 [0,05 [o.s¢ [0.08 [0.04 [0.04 o,98 [0.98 [0.08 [0.04 [o.04 [o.os [0.08 0.80105010.20 normal 00 [0.91 [0,90 [0,00 [0.0 [0,00 [0,00 [0,90 [0,00 [0.0 [0.00 [0.90 [0.90 any 1100 [0,86 [0.85 [0.85 [0.85 [08s [o.es [0.85 [0.85 [0.95 [08s [oes [oes [very lean [100 [0,99 [o,08 [0.06 [0,96 [o.98 [o,08 [0,08 [0.98 [0.98 [0.98 [o,08 [o.08 lean 1100 [0,97 [0,96 [0.96 [0,0¢ [a.96 [o,06 [0,98 [0.96 [0.96 [096 [o,06 [o.os 0.8000 3010.20 nomat_—__|1,00 ]0,04 [0.95 [0.93 [0,03 [0,03 [0,93 [0.93 [0.08 [0.93 [0,03 [0.93 [0.08 ity 1100 [0,91 [0,20 [0.90 [0,00 [0,20 [0,00 [0,00 [0.90 [0.90 [0.0 [0,00 [0,00 veryetean | 1,00 |0.97 [0,06 [0.96 [0,96 [0.06 [0.06 [0.96 [0.96 [0.96 [0.98 [0.98 [0.96 clean 1100 [0,94 [o.s2 [0.92 [0.92 [0.92 [o,s2 [0,92 [0.92 [0.92 [0.02 [o22 [owe 0,700,700 20 nomat__|1,00 [0.80 [0.7 [oar |a.s7 [oz [0.7 [oer [oar |o.s7 [or [oer [oer any 1,00 [0183 [oi [0.8 [0.8 [061 [oer | 081 [0.8 [ows for [ows [oar veryetean [1,00 [0,08 [0.97 [0.97 |o,97 [o.97 [0.97 [0.97 [0.7 [0.97 [oor [o.9r [0.97 clean 1100 [0,96 [0.95 [0.98 [0,98 [0.94 [o,as [0,98 [0.98 [0.98 [0.04 [o,04 [oo 0,70005010 20 rrormat | 1,00 [0.92 [0.91 [0,00 [0,00 [0.90 [0,90 [0,90 [0,00 [0.0 [0.00 [0.90 [0.00 iy 1100 [0,87 [0.88 [0.86 [0.86 [086 [o,ss [0,88 [0.86 [0.86 [0.08 [oes [oes veryetean | 1,00 [0,00 [0,06 [0.96 [0,98 [o.08 [0.08 [0.98 [0.98 [098 [o.9s [0.98 [0.96 lean 1.00 [0.07 [0.06 [0.06 [0.06 [0.06 [0s [0.96 [0.96 [0.96 [096 o06 [oes 0700 300,20 normat_ | 1,00 ]0.95 [0.94 [0.04 [o,4 [o.0s [0.93 [0.93 [0.98 [0.9 [o.03 [0.93 [0.05 any 1100 [0,92 [oi [0.01 [0.01 [09% [oor [0.91 [0.0 [oor [oor [oi [oor veryetean [1,00 |0,98 [0.97 [0.97 [o96 [o,e6 [0.96 [0.96 [0.06 [0.96 [o.os [0.98 [0.06 lean 1.00 [0,95 [ose [0.03 [0.03 [0.03 oes [0.93 [0.93 [0.93 [00s Joes ows 000,700.20 normat__|1,00 [0,91 [0.80 [0.89 [a0 [o,e0 [0,80 [0.80 [0.50 [0.80 [0,69 [0.80 [0.80 ity 7100 [105 [oes [0.04 [0.84 [oe oes |o.es [0.84 [04 [00a [oes [oes veryeiean [1,00 [0,98 [0.96 [0.98 [o08 [o,07 [97 [0.97 [0.97 [o07 [oor [oor [or 0,97 [0.96 [0.95 [095 [o,95 [0.95 [0.95 [0.95 [0.95 [o0s [0.95 [0.95 fo2 [0.22 [0.02 [o.02 [002 [0.92 [0.92 [0.02 [o02 [092 [0.2 fo.20 [0.08 [0.88 [oee [o.ce [0.08 [0.88 [028 [o.ee [oes [0.80 veryciean | 1,00 |0,99 [0,90 [0.98 [0,98 [o,08 [0.98 [0.98 [0.98 [0.98 [0.08 [0.98 [0.96 lean 1100 [0,98 [o.e7 [0.97 [0.97 [a.97 [o.97 [0.97 [0.97 [0.97 [o97 Jor oor 0.501000 20, rormat | 1,00 [0.06 [0.95 [0.95 [0,95 [o.05 [0.95 [0.95 [0.95 [0.95 [o.9s [0.95 [0.95 ony 1,00 [0,98 [o,e2 J0.92 [0.92 [0.92 [o,02 [0,22 [0.92 [0.92 [o.92 [0.92 [oweThe maintenance factor can be determined by the following step-by-step procedure. Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4. Step 5. Step 6 Step 7. Step 8. Step 9. Select lamp and luminaire for the interior application (see Table 2.2). Determine group replacement interval of lamps (if practical). Obtain LLMF and LSF from Table 3.2 for period established in Step 2. If spot lamp replacement procedure is followed then LSF will be 1 Assess the cleanliness category of the interior (see Table 2.1). Determine cleaning interval of luminaires and room surfaces. Obtain LMF from Table 3.4 for period established in Step 5. Obtain RSMF from Table 3.6 — 3.8 for period established in Step 5. Calculate MF = LLMF- LSF- LMF - RSMF (: NRF). Calculate maintenance factor to not more than two significant figures. Note: If there are significant non-recoverable losses (NRF) than these should be included in the final MF value. Itis advisable to repeat Steps 1 to 8, by adjusting the various components, so that a range of maintenance programme options are considered at the initial design stage.