PP 3 Theoretical Perspectives on Technology 48 Autonomous Human Controlled Neutral (complete separation of means and sa ends) Potential Overlap value-Laden oP (means for way of life that includes ends) Figure 3.1 Theories of Technology and Society eae ‘Adapted from Feenberg, A. (1999). Questioning technology (p. 9). New York: Routledge, p. 9. Neutral versus Value-Laden The first dimension encompasses theories that view technology as falling in the category of either neutral or value-laden. Theories of neutrality describe technology as separate from human activity and with no effect on natural ends—that is, on the fundamental elements of human nature (e.g., ethics, morality, forgiveness, and happiness). Feenberg argues that this neutraliza- tion of technology hinders any in-depth analysis of social change because “if technology merely fulfills nature’s mandate, then the value it realizes must be generic in scope” (1999, p. 2). Box 3.1 gives an example that demonstrates that technology is far from neutral. In this example, social media platforms are utilized to discuss moral and ethical dilemmas in our society and to inform and mobilize others for a Social cause. Are Technologies Neutral? #5OdollarsnotSOshades Just before the movie Fifty Shades of Grey was set to be released, a social media campaign was started on Facebook (www.facebook.com/SOdollarsnotfiftyshades) attr (#SQdollarsnotfiftyshades) that encouraged followers to donate fifty a to shelters and institutions that help abused women instead of spend- (on rponey on a ticket for the movie Fifty Shades of Grey, popcorn, and drinks | a (015). There were three primary sponsors of the campaign: the National ©n Sexual Exploitation, London [Ontario] Abused Womer's Centre, and the S8ency Stop Porn Culture. ContinuedThe goal of the final exam is to not only give you the opportunity to showcase what you have learned in this course but also, and more importantly, demonstrate your writing and analytical skills. This is achieved in two ways. The first half of the exam applies these skills through the identification and analysis of key terms. The second half of the final exam asks you to prepare a formal essay in response to a question that links together some of the concepts and countries we have analyzed in the course. Below are the details of what you can expect on the exam. Section |: Short Answers This section of the exam is worth 50% of the total grade for the final exam. Seven (7) of the terms listed below, from your weekly outlines, will be on your final exam. You will have to write on four (4) of the terms. You will be required to define the term (5/10), explain the significance of the term (analyze) (4/10), and provide an example (1/10). Explicit or implicit reference to the course readings is essential. Each term is weighted equally. Questions to consider when explaining the significance of a term: + Are there debates surrounding this term? If so, what they? + What questions does the term raise concerning media and democracy in Latin American or generally? . Why is the term important to the study of media and democracy in Latin America politics or generally? To show that you know the difference between definition and significance, label each section of your answer i.e. 1) Definition; 2) Significance; 3) Example. You may repeat an example from the definition or significance to place in your example section; | will not give you credit for an example if it is not identified separately. For instance, an example of “agenda setting” could be explained in the following manner: Example: An example of an agenda setting newspaper in Chile is El Mercurio. 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