Instructor’s Manual Signals and Systems STOMA PTE ATUInstructor’s Manual to accompany SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS Simon Haykin ‘McMaster University Barry Van Veen University of Wisconsin, Madison JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York » Chichester » Weinheim = Brisbane = Singapore = TorontoCopyright © 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors {for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or {instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, ‘New York, NY 10158-0012. ISBN 0-471-29774-7 Printed in the United States of America 1098765432 Printed and bound by Mally ithogephing, be.Chapar | (4) Even = ces(ty Odd = Sin Gey Sin Ck) CaCl) Eva = te aah gat Oi =e £4 54h «& Ew, 2 1 + 1 Sin Co) ews (t) Odd = bewscey 4 thence) @ Evm = ces* Coe) Odd = £3 cost Croty @ Feriodte Funtamehe pried = 05 5 CL) Non prvedne QO fae Funda ment Prok = 35 @ Reredee : Fundam bt Prick = 2 Sample1.2 Ceenkr aval) eee eemeg Pir ide © Rerodi, Fardamentrl pric = so Sanplio GQ) Non Pree eds Oy Merpriedes @) Arena O) Sinasecd component 4 ces (gat +7) 3 Ane ktd = 9 Fired amartet frrey = 200 =ae ‘i 3/2 Hf epee] ey ae G) Enegy sign fneyy 2 De Dy Gi azo ae Co Pawee si grok Pre (EY ( a Ne ab ces (RE) mt Sa (emt) ore wihegeet ie Fespek het the nw tk ford amerh period gtegow Raed thet proba — date nok Cob bute © Je ower pe fo xt),1.4 Ceonhans) @) Eneryy sign 7 uJ a - | (5 exscnt) de “1 1 = sof es" ert) dE 0 ‘ = 25 f Cte cos Gat) dE ° bat . [ toe sn Cart| bo = as (1+ st sucel) = ar Sijok Os “ 7 (5 ess cmt)) dt ras 62057 25 [e ++ on(2nt)]| or14 ( Confirvet) (f) 20 Signet CG) Enagg syrk 4 Eneryy = yy exs (mn) oe = 142 ZF ortn) aa = 1420+ 0 4 Gd 4 to) =4 ) Pron signal fe porta vlna. fon (re 2 > ens*Cm) BAY- =2(00+ C0) zlLs The KMS wba ff Sin Sor xc) a AM Ale ste avenge prose FO an thn ritiby A a POU Gee lee a ey Bee cy] wh defeat Ay N Th one peor of xl) 2 a 5| a hee doa wet Peo 2D *lnI "7 The ' ah iM Mes (202 4) z I> mM os'( 2% oa) > * ° cneyy of Be retry ert poke 1k R/os . J F (es most) se = Hho ae: ri oe Kes if ((cxvcse) 2encut)+s) te o (eG en (at) at) ot (2)C) = 38/818 The sippal x(t) ac nf Se AG cugy rhaodoe s oa. all x) dt ° Ck c : =? f weet | cs e'ae © Z : ¥ . e2fe] +2 “6-0 ] PL tf see] =F ye 226 oe ae : 19 Q@) The dfferrtiedy cubpsh 1b tg -5 eh oy Toe ee Oth enue @ th ¢ fyen otal i f CY ae +f cy ae caer Ly i ee 110 The exbpub f nly mdr os Jule Af irae 2 At a thers Rh ngy FI a 8 i o Kr (a _—at (SE) o 10 @ @ @VAX Ceoptinamd) x (2le+2))2 2(2t +4) (A) e& ia att (BE) x(8b42)hag @ @ meee xe) yeu 10We 1.14 Ceontnved) xa © xe) @1.14 Ceontinvas) @ @ 12Vel4 Ceontinsnal) 4) x09) =O as oa LAS We may vepre sek 268) Be sep poten FT 4 techenprle palace — Fein: (ace) ' ——! Y oan 3,60) the (es ¥ 1 19, i eaey 1 i9@ oes ivTe gener eG ae) fom te presers bes G4), oe Bb Ble)= 9lak-4) thee a mw 4 oe te te detivminas, The with Pele glti 1» 2, echeyane se colt of pre Ju) 4. ke thufe new! & seepont Jee) ty ~ fr 42, oe requires ee € cheate cee z The mid pont f gh) 1» of t=0, ea eg ee sainty Ub cards tim a2z)-4=0 ae te2a =2G)e/ wtlenss , Qh) = acte-1) “Frosaneing sn «Simkar manne, vo feet At 34 29(2 -2) 9,6) = 96-3) ye@) = Q(2t-7) Aeconligly , oe sxpro Ae Shasyenne 1 gre! XC) © Gime of be 74 8 96) ~ fllwr =O) = 9 t-1) + 9B E- 2) 4. g(e-3) 4 glat-7)1s Hib (a) =~) = ud)_ uG-2) 1 —_ | a wo © RO) = uth e 3) 4 2 Meat) — 24G-) 4 U-3) (@ ©117 We ay Gente x a a sep poitn of 3 Pecterge oy fondue > fr2beor> 4) Act hres Petite, 4, 10, mw 9,4), ove symmeh otly Portier oveen! ate erga 9H) ao exc thy UR Same qu. 2. YL 4 an expended verrin ef GU ty « fry 8 B. Gt ee an exported Aen £90 4 ~ fir fa stare, Gr Pires ke 94) = Qu) 9, = 966) 9,W= 9G6) That is, xO = G+ BGO + 9G0)Lig [en] (a) 2 a 4 t * (30-1) ® - if oo (@LB combina =O 9 Cand @ @ zLaasdyCa-2]HR Combat) ch xts-aJ gfe (t) x(-n] ¥L-r3119 C Catia) 20 ce) excess} y fend Vtg the fandarertl pred fF ory Prides ae en kg Dumbs tn sine gid degre Arreth Gime Bye met rf nant, We Ore gente x[a] 210 o(280 +2) ee eam Ad ht) cans ee an Landaa att eles TE adee The Qhat nlige te wv be ike © see rfes Ay met Thear Q 2.2m a N mi uly ae ee ie ee slew (0) Pelkkc Fankimatl prt = iS samle WD Fei Fardamobd qprict s 3° seo fe) ver prove OD) Fercdic Fordenecht pried = 2 wah (2) on firing2 Lar C corbravss) (B) ren dey wdc @ Ricks Fankemeibt perish = an somes CA) Neon fy iedee G) Roretes seh Tea fk IT The anphthol of comply sepal | defo! Ay Vs ee ee Js emtcuik ad) 4 A Sin CE ae =A fem Casta b) 2 On Cab ay =A Rel pat F wo) + haa Refxats A of em cut Emoyinny Pot f He aefxwp=A ie as Cotya3 Te a vesprnae # he Pe cone spent csaneforin + x4) yi enh of prblewig Coreperiets : 1, Rectangle prnter of deren T oJ oo Ye rk red ow ee oping ae oo Rae ete ee taya4 24 C condinwa) 2. An imprtn fo shag + ot b= tla 3. Dn mem pte of Shaft -t at fat. Ap be hen Te fei bo opeprn h 240, te pete ft SCE-T) wy -E 8CErT) oe oh, he ee Ge anit age (Ub, Comporet 1) atprmbe 4 Baik anpeha ot £20. We 7 ak, see er Un he Limit: Lim $0. Lim xO) T>O0 tae. = S&)25 Las We of gum 4 ri aren, prke t ye curate To od unit area, chu ae cee! : ote oe gee @ Aetyng = Aes aA cutinte, 4 epi td mm fe boss» sey Wire26 bias Ceontinnt) + An tmpehe of porter | Shregfi ak t=0. An ta poles fo Aepelene TP shegh ne ea Oe 6) The tefS yen urdy te differ Hab ont qQ) +a agent fe B+(-2) 20 Te highs of Me tenable pretend Aa par @, (), ot ) of he prthin , ne ray new ele 7, stab mest: When ha tart ermnperke SO 2 cif forint wh tespet & time 6, ae Te Fo btng eutpst cst Ff « Po me deol ab ta G mw 620, echae ryalid Shrert ies re bo oo)a7 1.26 Taveleg . . {th inp fod, = my a wy £4) = ia fH) SCL-& Jae -f £10 SEH-€) LE cy wa si ite sued ck, on ee gcc) we an ttn fence Fo Ge +. DL Pvorradr &-O wilt vesgak fb tre 4 ond inkerchar ig tte eyde =f Af fr oe ie Ht whe ah on Gn dn recom G-( & Linear) > oe cbtan 2 ey. [ poset @ —s [ mAo* apbe O) acrumee Ub $06) 4 coins oF dime £24 Tf RAR assem tke abe Aer hive 2 : 3c PL £G) sexist, oe my ae wun GO) on pa) f £0 5'G,-t) ae sia) =2 8) aeaz 1.27) Fem a ee eee Seat HO = a(O = =cO) = CQ 4) = 40 Mena oe a oo Ye) = lk) x Ce-1) . 4,00 = Lcol o 3) Ae = cas (4, (0) = ons (142 2Ce)) ¢ The cota ok xqfom Outpt Ye = 4,0) + ¥,00- 40 @ | Ey. CO ACD tn (4) Yee = x ack) 4 Ixlol— ees (ip axe) © Spee (5) cise ee thx paraby Ho hee ae He cate yt tn skerms qf dhe ST per -3] we te page [4taa]= | Qo] + & x Lor] £4 2Ln2] + a, = Lo-3)] & 1a x01 | + 14 fo] +14 ~L0-2]] «(4 =[9-3)] EITM + FOL Ma + IAI Ma © 145) Ma = (1G + 1A) + 1G) 4 1451) Mt she M, = bxom]. teaw | Pravidat SRE MA fab, JK abst whe Y UK outpak wl atone Ae Pini Bos assame UB UB offioann a, ,4,, ag tO, bee Pritt due of thar om, 9 Ltn tRefe she Jb agen eared Ay he opty H qf Red 1.29 25 ohh.32 13 av emer af ah i S008 ine hk Seka Preble 129 axle 1g KG 3 Lime unt ah YG past (gcse eet posse fv A NOR Cause ae Ge We mera. Cn a sxamp%, TR atin tach ta te dns yee] That is, wik sf xlolf = x[o-kl, fone ste ao pst - eoulpub veh Gm MCs] = @, x[o] + a x[o-b] +g [rec] Ths easter ae noncansnt Ay victor 4 ome term a xfout]: TH sqstem fas mer ory Ay vice ef he term a afar]33 see (ay The epee Helberg the outpat [a] We ab aapet xfh] Hat+ $48 oshye k {xtapaccfe-k] fr nGyer (4) The inwest opemdy Hak core sponsinghy Ages 4 H-—1| [oe Ge w Cased aime pl mer fe Gm ub ep Hoe dese bal Conese dy, fastlon bern pharm ente mn an a His deswky Fy. of UR versa openly F131 Opanby H x{n] Fig. 2 Taverse | epersty H Figure 2 feller rectly Rom uh rte: x{n] = Glad xa] - x[o-2]34 N34 Fe he discrola. time eyrGm Cie, ute poly H) daserrbeh as Preble 12q ke te. abe Fitton SOG nae fet tAYerinnh, SH LHS de ger ny . n s °{ xtal} = x[n-n] ca ae Wei oo ¢ We five not IRAE oe n Ae ot @ Nn ban 2aN, ot care 0 @) From ys. (2) ay (3) se immediatly sa ht &.(0 ae ede ser fed, Whee Ub sgt ch sre te eOe tg ee cee35 35 Te 1. ince poss bh ee ae spem te te Linen, Cons che, ofr example, Aa res) shew ~ opsrtnu ess bal ar prblevsa : Then chyows, conmobeg of SE swine combinston 4 Be epee ee ere aes recover froth of Mba components haa find oles, Oe Lins » tes, th, etyemt 12 Lineor. Lae We ove gin tte Ne peu Low yo = acct) Pe 4 tke sym Foe 4 a pre sediely Let ety = C8) 4 CE), ome BE HCE) te Corre spardug out pak. We. Uke pee ARE 4 = (HO 4 mee) x 04 40) fr MFI See Uf syitim desert ty 64.00 5 aolacar.36 1.37 Consider a disee . time rythm ch set 4y Ub eperaty H,: H, = Yfo] = a xCol + &% =Ln-k] Thee oe ae balk Line ort time vor anh, Con sider Se chi seret ~ tee sgite er 4y dh epacty lee He ced & x[n] + 4 x [reel 2 sheen aks olt Linen and time arr Th pee ee ee system H, 22 nonceusat- —— 3a The aren con Pigeon shaun FYI Soe) 2s Simplas Ja UBL syle corPignadicn yh FA. 1so(t) 7 dol nvboe UR Soma Raney medeiphars mt Sammer, brouser, Fy, 0 @) equa oN poss f dh epenty H, Peas Fig. 1-Sole) stequiers a sight epeatey Hf 5 ampha ment Ge +37 ecm 4 (a) Ae thee bes » Pane memo Becruee fan ragmbag ote Pick mek on The a pak Boe oe tec Cin eee case) lage tpt dete Aol afro kefre the op, Paar) + Ove time © rvarrenh @ H, 22 nonamst Be core ee eed ee be gf H, rt peont Gn fe Ef prea tery ote x aby Ss meneng Ou. Hewes, te day et 4 te oulpub ao twit korg as Uk de He inpoes The seggets URE H, way corest fin dfferstrtr a parte wile a Staryr dar, fblesed by < combinr. a, ho dese, H Pavarienb 16 Barn wih mine. p Prag ee oe 8 Hine38 1.3904) Ceortint) Saree HL 5 Comcal becomer te oulert dete nk oppeer edo te amp. the dud 1) dhe onthe 2 keg i Uo te ope. Ths sogqest URE HL mut fare remem, Te brone = 1nd Ov vert SysGm Hy 22 roncamset Str athe outpnt appear! bedree vb apt, Cut fh oul, exbindig Pe oti ffscrsb tig ate prrterrl on the hg) tae Sage pntrmneg or. The Pe begekre pute, appaenn rhe ontpat fon b= 4) b ba 4d reg te dt 8 pute Ztpsaber Wn 42 bigger y hermit qf He prt. On th fur, Hy we 2 treme ver eee- nelly, uh onto BH wea thy 1h sere a ite input, txcagh pr on atenvabe Ay 5 foe fd vr. ten, Hy 6 2 com, memarylss , awd Grek vari cpaHy be se persnnbtint of te ubgeater » ay Thrndoe mined TE Comend crecang atte enh poe dete pot appar kedye tte “Rpt TE 4 toe In Vor tanks : 39 \.40 | Hi 2 noncannd ecauer te output operas ar £20, one tims Gait before AD Safa ee prema coe Camere oo Saget adhe erefrmy om te inp, Rs, few do we apn Uh canal Ramh of th oe ot frost end ef Ee oukput, ax bidig fom t=0 + z+) 7 Su Te geen a Aenean, oe) Ra fe oe a £rs, (eo ee ray be tas St cb tas oukpab Ay ote fod means. On the Seon, Hy mag te ok eee eda.Hy 45 Come Lecamn th culpur t 3 ee y 7 — Cee - 4 Re. 0,4,8,. ws(Fk)= { St = 26710; © otherwise Thus the only contributions ore from the even- indexed terms Consider : wie n= aen »ylnd- = C-1) 7 ark a ken-2 alternote sum Cn-2,n ,n+2,--substitution 2 = (+0 account onfy even terms) . . ylod a2 Sok GG) 229 a)? ae fea -4)°2 (ype) = 2” LAD a (4) (on) (24)" = Sy em = neodd : yn] = (+ -1) Fa" alternate sum rene Cant} n4i n4a,-.) Analogous to doove , yield : goods 2” Sa) = 24) (ay 7 Se = $(-1) . —— (Ff) yln] = coo (Fn) * (4) uln-2) x, Uk] = cos (Fk) %q (n-keJ} = (o-ae-1 a 3 ylnd= 5 cos (Fe).CE)™ = substitution p= -k yields : a Step yln] = = ay Fe) GY + ews (-x)= coc (x)Then , using the same techniove as (2) gives us S cy tcp oe pe-(n-2) wf? = (-) = Cy] a pe -(n-ay (by SS (=)" aS eer 0 even yb ees) iy 4&4 ety moa : = (y ylod= pour} euln-3d , [pl see (i) for x, (kJ [ xa(k] a. a8 7 ne we cu There ore 4 different cases Gi) ne av Vis any integer ylnd-Of-trori+0 + -1 J+) lotttor-trots +otr-ltorl +o] Sabet eddt (W) neaver s yln]=()litosasori] ten [0+ +0 +1 404-1 +OF+(FO4 HO Stee 2 Gi) nea 43 yin} = clot -14 041 so] +E + oF sor-tso4 tor -1+ 04) FO+020 Wr) ne uve yn] = 0 -2 nea eytnde f 2 neavero Vv > integer ° othensice ) ylrd = uln} « & 6 (n-29) pee — xUnJ xan] ate (2) xa [n-kI I l fe beans Tote kK “ne ae me k For n-1and 2 x(kJ.y(n-k] ay ge) yaks = “nea nt) : : | a A eR e cD For na <-2 3 né -6 =: aln} =o al-6J=1 5 al-5h2 5 al-4]-2 OCesjes | a Cea\e4 otc 3 2. oe Reyer | for n72 ; atnj <0 a(n]16 (y atn]extnde flny= 2 x Ck] ¢ln-kJ k=-0 ftn-k3 For nt 4d -4 © n<-g : alnieo al-s] atsJ 4; alz]--u-3~ 9-1e-to 58-47 al-3]=-3-2-1-o +1 -5; al-2]=-2-1-0 414260; al-t O 414243 = 5 ,alolso 41424344 =10; aUid=l+ 244440 210 ;alale2+344-9, al3J=- 344 =F i alede4 | 7 ial-6]--F-2=-5; nIO -0 8-10; Forn-4>0 of n7# : alATeo a(n (a) atm) =x Ende glad = 2 «Chl 9 Cn-k] a gin i oF Rann A aH A a .tf For n+5 <-4 of n<-9 : ACNT=0 al-oJ <1 ;al-sl=2 ;,al-zi-3 sal-el=4; af-5) =5 ; al-4J=4 ;aG3)=3 jal-2)=25 a(-iJ=2 ;aftojr2 jalid=3 jal a=; aC3J=5 jal4d=4 ,ale)~3 jale d= 2; ety J. | for azz ralni=o0 a(n] & aln]< yn) * 200] 2 y lk] 2[n-kJ . y(rd ® etn-kI o care k 7S aN k Tor n <-2 : ACN] -0 a[-aJ=1 ; al-1J=2 , aloe 2 jaliJ=atye a, al2J=22)-20)=2 5 a (a) 20-1) + 22) =2;5 aluj=-1+2-22-) ; aCsJ=2(-2)--4; a cel= 2C 2Je 4) Jd = 22 | For n 77 pany eo i18 ) alo] + y lade gto} = 2 yter gon To n+ s<-2 ond -F Palnd=o gln-kJ ay [kJ see (e) ay NE me rer a E al-f=1 ; a(-6]-2 ; al-s}2 ja (-4)=1, a [-3)-0,; aGe)=-1; al-ijs-2, aloj--2 aCa2J+a(i)e2 , alad= 2c -2; ate a(ol=© ,aleJ = aCijta 2-1) aCzl= afej=-2;alo93--1, eee Oe Oo wretlltegtl le rprpee i a EPP (q) alnj=yCnj x wind = = palideatico Uy; 4, yok] wln-kg a wln-k] Wa Aa AS k(a) 19 for n+2 <-2 of n<-& : alnj+o al-uJe1 j al-3]-t+2=3 ;aGals2+3-5; al-tJ=-t+342=4 ,alolsGisilesi)=0; afiJ= 1-3-2 -4 ; al2]=-3-2=-5;) alad= -2-1=-3 ; aC4d=-1 ; nzv4Hsa(nl=o a § to) = 2 ytd foes aln}=yln For n+ 4 <-2 of nd-6 + aln]=0 al-e]=-4 5 a 5]+ -4-3=-7 5; a(-4)=-3-2= al-a]=-2-14+4 21; al-2]=-1+3+4=6; al-t}= l+a4356 ; alol~2(i+a)=6; alilet+243-+6;al2l=14+34+4 +6; alsl=-34+42) ; a4] ~-2-3 = -5; alS]2-3-42-4; alel=-4; fee snd so20 @) aln] = eln) » ginl= & 2 Uk] gln-k] / oy a gtn-k] nes For n+5 <0 o n<-5 :alni-o al-sJ=1 5 a(-uJ=2 ; a(-3)-3 :a(-2J-a+a-s; al-J= 3 +4=f ) aCol+a+als)ea; alile1+2)7; alz)~=2(3)+6 ; ale]=i+alay=s j al¥d=24+20)24; alsJ= 3Q))-3 ; alel= 2+3(=5 5 a(7]s 30) 42°85; alej+ 3(2)+2-28 ; alo]= 3(2) +1 =F j alto)= 3(2)=6 ; a(uJs 2€2)=4 j aCrje2 n212 + aCnl=o j) alm} swlo] « glnd= SS wlk) .gtn-k) -al a) wk I 2) 0) Se (i) for gln-kJ For n+5 <-2 or n<-F + alnj-o al-gl-1 jal-elei+2-2 j al-ed-le2rs=6; al-4]=6¢4+228 ; al-3J)-ati eo , al-aJeitzeae2 za jal-iJ=s+241-6 jated~i+2-aialideriea; al2J=24+1+3;al3)]+3+2+1-6;al4)~ 6+2-8; alsJei+2e34241+9 ;, aCe] = 6+2 98 j alqJ=t+2a4a=6 , ale] =i+2-3 ;,alodeli ny>9 : alnizo = 8-6 (k) alnd= f(r] * g(r] = = fled .g Cn-leJ soe ftk |. [ gin-kd ? : “appt eps JM, es oo For n+ 5 <-4 or n <-> atnJ-o a[-oJ=-4 3 al-8]=-y-3--7 i al-7]=-7F-2--95 al-6J=-g-1 + -10 j al-5s)=-to ; a (-4¥) =-3-2-1 4ie5, a3} +0 ,al-2J=-1+1 4243-8)Q2 al-t] --u+i424344=6 j alod-i+24344-3-453; a(il=o j al2}=34y4-t-2-3-4 = -3iaCaj=4-1-2 73-45 -6 (ACY) = 1 tO-l-2-3+-5; als]z2ti+0 -t-2=0 , aleJ= s+ 241-1 = 5 jaCFIT4 tat 241 e109; alej=4+3+241 =10 ;alo) = 4+3t2-9; afiol=4+3 = 7 j; aCul=4 nzu san] =o BH Use the facts that S(t-d)a HU) = h(t-a) and the linearity property linearity (a) xt) = 2S Cetr)- SCb-t) > xler® hle)=2 h(t +1)-b(t-)ad Sire erOnt 2hle+) he-1) a line ority (b) xlb)= S (E=1) 4 & e-2) + & (b-3)— x(t) bk) FUE) + h(t -2) +h Ct -3) Graphically : ‘ ‘ N 4 LA. + “A A, - 4A oma v2 st 2S et Saase e ha-) be -2) h(e-a) y(t) (ce) x= SE CHP 8 Ce app = By lineority syle) = xb) w bbs & CP ht apy ia = theta) -b (e+e) +h ety) -b (eta) +hlt)-h(b-2)+ h(t-4¥)-h(t-6) + hlt-a)an.,a a5] x,t) « xa ley e F x(t) xa(e-T) dt -e (y y(t) = ulti) « u(t-2) we) Kate) aes Ct) es Cet) at hoot) x2Ct-T) —— Te t eae For £-2<-lor Ect: yt) =o t> eye) = FF Cyc dv = t-1 nytt) s (4-1) ule-s) — tb) ylt) = &** ue) ® ult+a) xe) xa (te) = xt) ® Ka (t) x) Matte), h ———_' ° v rr o +2, For t+270 © t 7-2 sy b)=S Ci) e?tat nko a _ oo) t<-2 : ylk)-0 . ytey= (1-272 du Cerny ——— (c) yt) = ws (mt) (u est) ~ ue +3) & ult) feat KE) xat) = x, (4) x x.)as xa (t-T) & ws (mt) » ylt) ao LS bS3 : y= FS ws wT dt +S ain at == x sy) = + sin (wt) ut) —_ U(t 42) ~ ule -1))" Ut +2) = Kb) exe) as x, C4) Xgl) oo i xa(t-T) saueceleal Tv e-2 a For £-2<-2 9 £ ye eo bss: yle)s Stcyat = Hye ° ‘ SSb dt yls Ft ate SF Co-tac = SB + F+twlt-5)-F(4%- 28) t-$47% +t -25 & 210 :ylt)s ¥xioxs 225 ° Pate yteed 2 &* a -$ t? +104 -25 s

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