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Demostraciones y Consulta. FQ II.
Demostraciones y Consulta. FQ II.
(demostraciones y consultas)
Integrante:
Presentado a:
(Licenciado)
UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA
DEPARTAMENTO DE QUÍMICA
CURSO DE FISICOQUÍMICA II
MONTERÍA – CÓRDOBA
2021
d [A]
=−k 1 [ A ] a
dt
d [ B]
=k 1 [ A ] −k 2b[ B ]
dt
d [C ] c
=k 1 [ B ]
dt
Hallar mediante su respectivo cálculo la solución exacta para cada uno, mostrada a
continuación:
0 −k t
[ A ]=
a [ A] e
1
0 k1
[ B ]=
b[ A] ( e−k t −e−k t )
1 2
k 2 −k 1
0 1
[ C ]=
c [A] [ k ( 1−e−k t )−k 2 ( 1−e−k t ) ]
k 1−k 2 1
2 1
Sol…
a)
∂[ A]
=−k 1 [ A ]
∂t
∂[A]
∫ =∫ −k 1 ∂ t
[A]
ln [ A ] =−k 1 t +c
e ln [ A ] =e−k t∗e c
1
[ A ] =e−k t∗e c
1
Ahora hallamos el significado dentro del cálculo e c, por lo que miramos que pasa cuando
t=0
[ A ] =e0∗e c
[ A ] 0=ec → [ A ] =[ A ]0 e−k t 1
b)
∂ [ B]
=k 1 [ A ] −k 2 [ B ]
∂t
∂[B]
∫ dt=∫ K
1 [ A ] −K 2 [ A ]
−ln |k 1 [ A ] −k 2 [ B ]|
c +t=
k2
c−k 2 t=ln |k 1 [ A ] −k 2 [ B ]|
e c ∙ e−k t =|k 1 [ A ] −k 2 [ B ]|
1
2. t=∞→ donde [ A ]= [ B ]
Por lo tanto:
e c ∙ e−k t =k 1 [ A ] + ( k 1 [ B ] −k 2 [ B ] )
1
e c ∙ e−k t =k 1 [ A ] + ( k 1−k 2 ) [ B ]
1
0 −k t
( k 1+ k 2 ) [ B ] =k 1 ∙ [ A ] ∙ e ∙ k 1 [ A ] 2
0 −k t 0 −k t
( k 1+ k 2 ) [ B ] =k 1 ∙ [ A ] ∙ e −k 1 ∙ [ A ] ∙e 2 1
0 −k t −k t
( k 1+ k 2 ) [ B ] = [ A ] ∙ k 1 ( e −e ) 2 1
Reorganizando:
0 −k t −k t
( k 1+ k 2 ) [ B ] = [ A ] ∙ k 1 ( e −e ) 1 2
0 k1
[ B ] =[ A ] ( e−k t −e−k t ) 1 2
k 2 −k 1
c)
∂ [C ]
=k 2 ∙ B
∂t
0
∂ [ C ] k 2 [ A ] k 1 −k t −k t
= ( e −e ) 1 2
∂t k 2−k 1
0
k [A] k
∫ ∂C= k2 −k 1 ∫ ( e−k t−e−k t ) dt 1 2
2 1
[ A ]0 k 2 k 1 e−k t e−k t
( )
2 1
C= ∙ +0
k 2 −k 1 k2 k1
[ A ]0
C=
k 2−k 1
(k 1 e−k t −k 2 e−k t )+ D
2 1
Ahora se debe hallar la constante de integración D; por lo que miramos que pasa cuando
t=0 donde [ C ] =0
[ A ]0
0= ( k 1−k 2 ) + D
( k 2−k 1 )
0
−[ A ]
D= ( k 1−k 2 )
( k 2−k 1 )
[ A ] 0 [ k 2−k 1 ]
D=
( k 2−k 1 )
[ A ]0 −k 2t −k 1 t [ A ]0
C= ( k1 e −k 2 e ) + k −k + ( k 2−k 1 )
( k 2−k 1 ) 2 1
[ A ]0
C= ( k 1 e−k t −k 1−k 2 e−k t +k 2)
2 1
( k 2−k 1 )
[ A ]0 −k 1 t
C= [ k ( 1−e 2
)−k 2 ( 1−e−k t ) ] 2
( k −k )
2 1
1
[ C ] =[ A ]0 [ k 1 ( 1−e−k t )−k 2 ( 1−e−k t ) ]
2 1
k 1−k 2
k 1 [ H 2 ] [ Br 2 ]
H 2 +Br 2 →2 HBr v =
[ HBr ]
1 k + k2
[ Br 2 ]
Sol…
Br2 →2 Br
Br ∙+ H 2 → HBr + Br ∙
H ∙+ Br 2 → HBr + Br ∙
H ∙+ HBr→ H 2 +Br ∙
Br ∙+ Br ∙ → Br 2
∂ [ HBr ]
=k 2 [ Br ∙ ] [ H 2 ]−k 3 [ H ∙ ] [ Br 2 ] −k 4 [ H ∙ ][ HBr ]
∂t
∂ [ H ∙]
=k 2 [ Br ∙ ] [ H 2 ]−k 3 [ H ∙ ] [ Br 2 ] −k 4 [ H ∙ ] [ HBr ] ≅ 0
∂t
∂ [ Br ∙ ]
=2 k 1 [ Br 2 ∙ ] [−k 2 [ Br ] [ H 2 ]+ k 3 [ H ∙ ] [ Br 2 ] + k 4 [ H ∙ ][ HBr ] ]−2 k s
∂t
∂ [ Br ∙ ] ∂ [ H ∙] 2
=2 k 1 [ Br 2 ]− −2 k 5 [ Br ∙ ] ≅ 0
∂t ∂t
Como;
∂ [ H ∙]
≅0
∂t
2
2 k 1 [ Br 2 ] −2 k 5 [ Br ∙ ] ≅ 0
k 1 [ Br 2 ]
[ Br ∙ ] =
√ ks
Ahora;
k 2 [ Br ∙ ] [ H 2 ∙ ]−k 3 [ H ∙ ] [ Br 2 ] −k 4 [ H ∙ ] [ HBr ] =0
−[ H ∙ ] ( k 3 [ Br 2 ]+ k 4 [ HBr ] )=−k 2 [ Br ∙ ] [ H 2 ]
k 2 [ Br ∙ ] [ H 2 ]
[ H ∙ ]=
k 3 [ Br 2 ]+ k 4 [ HBr ]
k 1 [ H 2 ] √ k 1 /k s ∙ [ Br 2 ]
[ H ∙ ]=
k 3 [ Br 2 ] +k 4 [ HBr ]
∂ [ HBr ]
Luego reemplazamos en:
∂t
∂ [ HBr ]
=k 2 [ Br ∙ ] [ H 2 ∙ ] +k 3 [ H ∙ ] [ Br 2 ] −k 4 [ H ∙ ] [ HBr ]
∂t
k 1 [ Br 2 ]
∂ [ HBr ]
∂t
=k 2 [ H 2 ]
√ks
+ ¿ [ H 2 ∙ ] ( k 3 [ Br 2 ]−k 4 [ H ∙ ][ HBr ] ) ¿
√
k 2 [ Br 2 ]
∂ [ HBr ]
∂t
=k 2 [ H 2 ]
k 1 [ Br 2 ]
ks (
+ ¿ 1+
k2 [ H 2 ]
√ ks
k 3 [ Br 2 ] +k 4 [ HBr ]) −k 3 [ Br 2 ] +k 4 [ HBr ] ¿
k 1 [ Br 2 ] 2 k 3 [ Br2 ]
∂ [ HBr ]
∂t
=k 2 [ H 2 ]
√ (
ks k 3 [ Br 2 ] +k 4 [ HBr ] )
−1
k 1 [ Br 2 ] k 3 [ Br 2 ] +k 4 [ HBr ]
∂ [ HBr ]
∂t
=k 2 [ H 2 ]
√ (
ks 2 k 3 [ Br2 ] )
−1
k 1 [ Br 2 ] k [ HBr ]
∂ [ HBr ]
∂t
=2 k 2 [ H 2 ]
√ (
ks
1+ 4
k 3 [ Br 2 ] )
k1 k
→ k a=2 k 2
√ ks
; k b= 4
k3
Por último;
∂ [ HBr ] ka [ H 2 ] k 1 [ H 2 ][ Br2 ]
= → v=
∂t k b [ HBr ] [ HBr ]
( 1+
[ Br2 ] ) 1 k + k2
[ Br 2 ]
Sol…
Los patrones comunes utilizados para identificar el orden de reacción a través del método
diferencial se describen a continuación:
−d [ A ] n n n
A+ B+C → productos v = =k [ A ] k [ B ] k [ C ]
1 2 3
dt
v =v 0
n1
a) Si b y c permanecen cte y se varía a: v 0=k ' [ A ] 0
n2
b) Si a y c permanecen cte y se varía b: v 0=k ' ' [ B ] 0
n3
c) Si a y b permanecen cte y se varía c: v 0=k ' ' ' [ C ]0
Donde;
n2 n3
k ' =k [ B ]0 [ C ] 0
n1 n3
k '' =k [ A ]0 [ C ] 0
n1 n2
k '' =k [ A ]0 [ B ]0
ln ( v 0 )=ln ( k ' ) +¿ n1 ln ( [ A ] 0 ) ¿
[2] Methods of Determining Reaction Order. (2020, August 15). Retrieved May 8, 2021,
from https://chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/6425