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N = q 0 B + r0

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q 0 = q1 B + r1 = 0. B + r1 = r1

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n
Bdest = Borig

pSRVVtYHODJUXSDURVGtJLWRVGDUHSUHVHQWDomRGHRULJHPGH QHPQHDWULEXLUD
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RQRYRWRSRGDSLOKD(VWDpDVLWXDomRLQWHUPHGLiULDQDILJXUDDFLPD
$H[HFXomRGHXPDLQVWUXomR323FRQVLVWHGRVVHJXLQWHVSDVVRV
RE\WHHQGHUHoDGRSRU63pFRSLDGRSDUDRUHJLVWUDGRUPHQRVVLJQLILFDWLYR
GRSDUHVSHFLILFDGRQRFDVRGRH[HPSORRUHJLVWUDGRU(
RYDORUGH63pLQFUHPHQWDGRGH
RE\WHHQGHUHoDGRSRU63pFRSLDGRSDUDRUHJLVWUDGRUPDLVVLJQLILFDWLYRGR
SDUHVSHFLILFDGRQRFDVRGRH[HPSORRUHJLVWUDGRU'
RYDORUGH63pLQFUHPHQWDGRGHHVWHSDVVDDVHURQRYRWRSRGDSLOKD
$VUHJUDVDSUHVHQWDGDVWrPDOJXPDVLPSOLFDo}HVTXHYDOHDSHQDUHVVDOWDU
DOHLWXUDGDSLOKDQmRDOWHUDRFRQWH~GRGDiUHDGHPHPyULDXWLOL]DGD
RIDWRGHRVYDORUHVVHUHPUHWLUDGRVGDSLOKDVHPSUH QD RUGHP LQYHUVD GD
VXD FRORFDomR QmR GHYH JHUDU D IDOVD LGpLD GH TXH RV YDORUHV SUHFLVDP VHU
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GH IDWR VHU XWLOL]DGD SDUD WURFDU R FRQWH~GR GH GLIHUHQWHV SDUHV GH
UHJLVWUDGRUHVFRPRQRIUDJPHQWRGHFyGLJRDEDL[RTXHWURFDRFRQWH~GR
GRSDU%&FRPRGRSDU'(
PUSH B
PUSH D
POP B
POP D

DSLOKDFUHVFHQRVHQWLGRGRVHQGHUHoRVGHFUHVFHQWHV
p UHVSRQVDELOLGDGH GR SURJUDPDGRU FXLGDU SDUD TXH D SLOKD QmR FUHVoD D
SRQWRGHLQYDGLUiUHDVGHPHPyULDGHVWLQDGDV SDUD RXWURV ILQV FRPR SRU
H[HPSORXPDUHJLmRGHGDGRVRXRSUySULRFyGLJRGRSURJUDPD
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6XEURWLQDV VmR WUHFKRV GH FyGLJR SDUD RV TXDLV R SURFHVVDPHQWR SRGH VHU
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SURJUDPDFRQWLQXHQDLQVWUXomRVHJXLQWHjTXHSURYRFRXRGHVYLR&RVWXPDVH
GHQRPLQDU HVVH GHVYLR GH FKDPDGD GD VXEURWLQD H D YROWD DR SRQWR GH
FRQWLQXDomRGHUHWRUQRFRQIRUPHDILJXUD
(QGHUHoR
GHUHWRUQR
3URJUDPD
SULQFLSDO

,QVWUXomR
GHGHVYLR

&KDPDGD
5HWRUQR
6XEURWLQD
,QtFLR

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)LJ0HFDQLVPRGHFKDPDGDGHXPDVXEURWLQD
6mRGXDVDVUD]}HVTXHSRGHPWRUQDU LQWHUHVVDQWH D GLYLVmR GH XP SURJUDPD
HPVXEURWLQDV
SRGHPDEULJDUWUHFKRVGHFyGLJRTXHH[HFXWDPIXQo}HVHVSHFtILFDVRTXH
SHUPLWH RUJDQL]DU PHOKRU R SURJUDPD H WRUQiOR PDLV IDFLOPHQWH
FRPSUHHQVtYHOSRUWHUFHLURV
SRGHPVHUFKDPDGDVGHTXDOTXHUOXJDUGRSURJUDPDWDQWDVYH]HVTXDQWDV
VHGHVHMDU$VVLPTXDQGRXPDWDUHIDSUHFLVDVHUH[HFXWDGDUHSHWLGDVYH]HV
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2SDSHOGDSLOKDQDFKDPDGDGHVXEURWLQDV
$ SULQFLSDO LQVWUXomR GR XWLOL]DGD SDUD FKDPDU XPD VXEURWLQD p D
LQVWUXomR &$// HQGHUHoR GH GHVWLQR! (VWD LQVWUXomR SURYRFD XP GHVYLR
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VXEURWLQDH[LVWHPDLQGDRXWUDVFRPR&&FDOOLIFDUU\&=FDOOLI]HURHWF
,QWURGXomRDR

TXH H[HFXWDUmR R GHVYLR VRPHQWH VH D FRQGLomR FRUUHVSRQGHQWH HVWLYHU

VDWLVIHLWD (P TXDOTXHU GRV FDVRV TXDQGR R GHVYLR DFRQWHFH R SURFHVVDGRU
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FRQWLQXDUQRHQGHUHoRGDLQVWUXomRVHJXLQWHDRFDOOHQGHUHoR GH UHWRUQRDSyVR
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UHWRUQR 2 SURFHVVDGRU FRSLD HVWH YDORU GR 3& SDUD D SLOKD FRP D
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2 SURFHVVDPHQWR GH XPD LQVWUXomR &$// p SRUWDQWR HTXLYDOHQWH D XP
386+GR3&HPERUDQmRH[LVWDDLQVWUXomR386+3&VHJXLGRGHXP-03
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FRXQWHU GH PDQHLUD TXH D SUy[LPD LQVWUXomR D VHU H[HFXWDGD VHUi DTXHOD
HQGHUHoDGD SRU HVWHV GRLV E\WHV &RQVLGHUDQGR TXH R WRSR GD SLOKD
FRQWHQKD R HQGHUHoR GH UHWRUQR VDOYR SHOD LQVWUXomR &$// R SURJUDPD
FRQWLQXDUiVXDH[HFXomRFRQIRUPHGHVHMDGR
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VHUi SRVVtYHO VH QR LQVWDQWH GD H[HFXomR GD LQVWUXomR 5(7 R WRSR GD SLOKD
FRQWLYHU R HQGHUHoR GH UHWRUQR 6H LVWR QmR IRU YHUGDGH VHMD SRUTXH D
VXEURWLQD GHL[RX 63 FRP XP YDORU LQFRUUHWR VHMD SRUTXH R HQGHUHoR GH
UHWRUQR IRL DGXOWHUDGR R SURJUDPD VHUi GHVYLDGR SDUD XP HQGHUHoR VHP
VHQWLGRHPXLWRSURYDYHOPHQWHVHSHUGHUi,VWRQmRTXHUGL]HUTXHDVXEURWLQD
QmR WHQKD GLUHLWR GH XWLOL]DU D SLOKD SHOR FRQWUiULR p DWp FRPXP TXH HOD
FKDPH VXDV SUySULDV VXEURWLQDV PDV VLP TXH WRGD VXEURWLQD WHP D
UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHGHUHPRYHUGDSLOKDRVYDORUHVTXHSRUYHQWXUDDOLDUPD]HQH
DQWHVGHWHUPLQDU

8WLOL]DomRGDSLOKDQDSUHVHUYDomRGHUHJLVWUDGRUHV
4XDQGR VH FKDPD XPD VXEURWLQD p QHFHVViULR VDEHU TXDLV UHJLVWUDGRUHV
SRGHUmRVHUPRGLILFDGRVGXUDQWHVHXSURFHVVDPHQWR6HLPHGLDWDPHQWHDQWHV
GD FKDPDGD DOJXP GHVVHV UHJLVWUDGRUHV FRQWLYHU XP YDORU TXH VH GHVHMD
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ILQDOLGDGHHSRULVVRpFRPXPHQFRQWUDUWUHFKRVGHFyGLJRFRPR
PUSH PSW
PUSH B
CALL 1234H
POP B
POP PSW
;
;
;
;
;
salva PSW na pilha

salva par BC
sub-rotina que altera BC e PSW
recupera par BC
recupera PSW
1RWH TXH D RUGHP HP TXH VH UHFXSHUDP RV UHJLVWUDGRUHV GHYH VHU D LQYHUVD
GDTXHODHPTXHVmRVDOYRVDPHQRVTXHVHGHVHMHTXHRFRUUDWURFDGHYDORUHV
3URJUDPDomRGR
$VVHPEOHUHOLQJXDJHP$VVHPEO\
8PDVVHPEOHUpXPDIHUUDPHQWDGHVRIWZDUHXPSURJUDPDTXHVLPSOLILFDD
WDUHID GH FULDU SURJUDPDV 5HFHEH FRPR HQWUDGD XP DUTXLYRWH[WR FRP DV
LQVWUXo}HV GR SURJUDPD GHQRPLQDGR GH DUTXLYRIRQWH H JHUD XP DUTXLYRREMHWR
TXHFRQWpPRVFyGLJRVELQiULRVFRUUHVSRQGHQWHV
$ ILP GH TXH R DVVHPEOHU SRVVD ORFDOL]DU H VHJXLU DV LQVWUXo}HV GR
DUTXLYRIRQWH R SURJUDPDGRU GHYH VHJXLU FHUWDV UHJUDV 2 FRQMXQWR GHVVDV
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DVVLPXPDOLQJXDJHPGH SURJUDPDomR 8PD OLQJXDJHP GHVWLQDGD D WUDEDOKDU
FRPDVLQVWUXo}HVGHXPSURFHVVDGRUpGHQRPLQDGDOLQJXDJHP$VVHPEO\
(P $VVHPEO\ DV SDODYUDVFKDYH TXH UHSUHVHQWDP DV LQVWUXo}HV VmR
PQHP{QLFRV TXH FRUUHVSRQGHP GLUHWDPHQWH DRV FyGLJRV KH[DGHFLPDLV GR
SURFHVVDGRU8PDYH]TXHFDGDSURFHVVDGRUWHPXPFRQMXQWRGHPQHP{QLFRV
SUySULRH[LVWHXPDOLQJXDJHP$VVHPEO\SDUDFDGDSURFHVVDGRU
2V PQHP{QLFRV VmR DEUHYLDWXUDV TXH OHPEUDP D IXQomR GD LQVWUXomR TXH
UHSUHVHQWDP WDLV FRPR 029 GR LQJOrV PRYH SDUD DV LQVWUXo}HV GH
PRYLPHQWDomRGHGDGRVRX-03GRLQJOrVMXPSSDUDRVGHVYLRV
$ OLQJXDJHP $VVHPEO\ QR HQWDQWR QmR SRGH VH OLPLWDU DRV PQHP{QLFRV
SRUTXHDOpPGHGL]HUTXDLVVmRDVLQVWUXo}HVTXHGHYHUmRFRPSRURSURJUDPD
p SUHFLVR GL]HU WDPEpP RQGH HODV GHYHP ILFDU HVWDEHOHFHU VLQ{QLPRV SDUD
FRQVWDQWHV H FULDU H XWLOL]DU YDULiYHLV 3RU FDXVD GLVVR H[LVWHP DOpP GRV
PQHP{QLFRV DV GLUHWLYDV GH PRQWDJHP RX VLPSOHVPHQWH GLUHWLYDV RX DLQGD
SVHXGRLQVWUXo}HV(VWDVVmRSDODYUDVFKDYHSHUPLWLGDVGHQWURGDOLQJXDJHPPDV
TXH QmR JHUDP FyGLJR H[HFXWiYHO SRUTXH QmR FRUUHVSRQGHP D TXDOTXHU
LQVWUXomRGRSURFHVVDGRUDSHQDVDMXGDPDGHWHUPLQDUDWDUHIDGRDVVHPEOHU
$VGLUHWLYDVPDLVFRPXQVVmRGLVFXWLGDVQDVHomR

(PSUHJRGDOLQJXDJHP$VVHPEO\
'R SRQWR GH YLVWD GR SURJUDPDGRU TXH Mi HVFUHYHX SURJUDPDV XWLOL]DQGR
GLUHWDPHQWHFyGLJRVKH[DGHFLPDLVRXELQiULRVRXVRGDOLQJXDJHP$VVHPEO\p
PXLWRYDQWDMRVRSRUIDFLOLWDUHDJLOL]DUDSURGXomRGHSURJUDPDV
'R SRQWR GH YLVWD GH TXHP XWLOL]D OLQJXDJHQV GH DOWR QtYHO R HPSUHJR GR
$VVHPEO\WHPYDQWDJHQVHGHVYDQWDJHQV3RUXPODGRFRQVWLWXLXPDIRUPDGH
H[SORUDURVUHFXUVRVGRSURFHVVDGRUTXHQmRVmRDFHVVtYHLVGHRXWUDIRUPDHGi
DRSURJUDPDGRUFRQWUROHWRWDOVREUHVXDVRSHUDo}HV3RURXWURODGRHPJHUDOp
SUHFLVRHVFUHYHUYiULDVLQVWUXo}HV$VVHPEO\SDUDFRQVHJXLURPHVPRUHVXOWDGR
GHXPDLQVWUXomRGHOLQJXDJHPGHDOWRQtYHOHWDPEpPFXLGDUGHWDUHIDVTXHGH
RXWURPRGRVHULDPDXWRPDWL]DGDVSHORFRPSLODGRUePDLVIiFLOFRPHWHUHUURV
H HVWHV VmR FRP IUHTrQFLD GLItFHLV GH ORFDOL]DU ,VWR DXPHQWD RV FXVWRV H R
WHPSR GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR H SRU LVVR p EDVWDQWH UDUR HQFRQWUDU SURJUDPDV
HVFULWRV WRWDOPHQWH HP $VVHPEO\ (P JHUDO RV SURJUDPDV VmR HVFULWRV TXDVH
TXH H[FOXVLYDPHQWH HP OLQJXDJHQV GH DOWR QtYHO H R $VVHPEO\ p HPSUHJDGR
DSHQDVHPSDUWHVHVSHFtILFDVSRUUD]}HVGHRWLPL]DomRGHHVSDoRGHPHPyULD
RXGHYHORFLGDGHGHH[HFXomRRXDLQGDSDUDID]HUDFHVVRDKDUGZDUHH[WHUQR
$SHVDU GHVVH XVR UHODWLYDPHQWH UHVWULWR R HVWXGR GD SURJUDPDomR HP EDL[R
QtYHO p H[WUHPDPHQWH YDOLRVR SDUD SURJUDPDU HP RXWUDV OLQJXDJHQV SRUTXH
FHUWRVHOHPHQWRVGHVWDVVySRGHPVHUFRPSUHHQGLGRVFRPFODUH]DTXDQGRVH
FRQVHJXHLQWHUSUHWDUVHXVLJQLILFDGRHPWHUPRVGHQtYHOPDLVEDL[R
2 PDWHULDO DSUHVHQWDGR WDPEpP SHUPLWH UHXQLU FRQKHFLPHQWRV GH iUHDV TXH
QRUPDOPHQWH VmR WUDWDGDV HP VHSDUDGR FRPR VLVWHPDV GLJLWDLV H WpFQLFDV GH
SURJUDPDomR(VWDLQWHJUDomRpIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDTXHVHSRVVDFRPSUHHQGHUR
IXQFLRQDPHQWRGHXPVLVWHPDFRPSXWDFLRQDOHPWRGRVRVQtYHLVHIRUQHFHDV
EDVHVSDUDRUDFLRFtQLRQHFHVViULRHPDQiOLVHSURMHWRHWHVWHGHVLVWHPDV
,QVWUXo}HVGR
(VWD VHomR DSUHVHQWD DOJXPDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GDV LQVWUXo}HV GR TXH
IDFLOLWDPVXDFRPSUHHQVmRHPHPRUL]DomR
2 FRQMXQWR FRPSOHWR GH LQVWUXo}HV p DSUHVHQWDGR QR DQH[R H SDUD XPD
GHVFULomR GHWDOKDGD GH FDGD LQVWUXomR UHFRPHQGDVH FRQVXOWDU >,QWH@ RX
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3URJUDPDomRGR

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GRV RSHUDQGRV 2 RSFRGH GL] R TXH D LQVWUXomR ID] H SRU LVVR HVWi VHPSUH
SUHVHQWH H p R SULPHLUR E\WH GH WRGDV DV LQVWUXo}HV 2V RSHUDQGRV SRGHP
RFXSDUDWpGRLVE\WHVGHPRGRTXHRFRPSULPHQWRWRWDOGHXPDLQVWUXomRGR
YDULDGHXPDWUrVE\WHV3RUH[HPSORDLQVWUXomR5/&QmRQHFHVVLWDGH
PDLRUHV LQIRUPDo}HV SDUD VDEHU TXH GHYH URWDFLRQDU R FRQWH~GR GR
DFXPXODGRUpXPDLQVWUXomRGHE\WH-iDLQVWUXomR&3,SUHFLVDGHPDLVXP
E\WHSDUDFRPSDUDUFRPRDFXPXODGRUHDLQVWUXomR/;,%GDGR!SUHFLVD
GHGRLVE\WHVSDUDIRUPDURGDGRGHELWV
4XDVH WRGDV DV LQVWUXo}HV ID]HP UHIHUrQFLD D XP RX PDLV UHJLVWUDGRUHV GR
SURFHVVDGRU LGHQWLILFDGRV SHODV OHWUDV $ % & ' ( + H / $OJXPDV
LQVWUXo}HVUHIHUHQFLDPHVVHVUHJLVWUDGRUHVDRVSDUHVDJUXSDQGRRVGDVHJXLQWH
IRUPD % FRP & ' FRP ( + FRP / H $ FRP RV IODJV (VVHV SDUHV VmR
LGHQWLILFDGRVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHSRU%'+H36:
$OHWUD0pXWLOL]DGDSDUDUHIHUHQFLDULQGLUHWDPHQWHRFRQWH~GRGHXPDSRVLomR
GHPHPyULD2HQGHUHoRXWLOL]DGRSHODVLQVWUXo}HVTXHXVDPHVVHPHFDQLVPRp
RFRQWH~GRGRSDU+/QRLQVWDQWHGDVXDH[HFXomR(VWHPHFDQLVPRp~WLOQD
YDUUHGXUDGHWDEHODVRXYHWRUHV
2VGDGRVSRGHPVHUGHRXGHELWVGHSHQGHQGRGRHQYROYLPHQWRGHXP
~QLFR UHJLVWUDGRU RX GH XP SDU GH UHJLVWUDGRUHV 2V HQGHUHoRV WrP ELWV
TXDQGRVHUHIHUHPDXPDSRVLomRGHPHPyULDHELWVTXDQGRVHUHIHUHPDXP
HQGHUHoRGH(6
0QHP{QLFRVFRPDOHWUD;UHIHUHPVHDRSHUDo}HVUHDOL]DGDVVREUHXPSDUGH
UHJLVWUDGRUHVRXXPUHJLVWUDGRUGHELWV$LQVWUXomR'&;%SRUH[HPSOR
GHFUHPHQWDRSDU%&HDLQVWUXomR,1;63LQFUHPHQWDRVWDFNSRLQWHU
9DORUHV QXPpULFRV FRQWLGRV QDV LQVWUXo}HV VmR GHQRPLQDGRV GDGRV LPHGLDWRV
(VWHV SRGHP VHU H[SUHVVRV HP GLIHUHQWHV VLVWHPDV GH QXPHUDomR LQGLFDGRV
SRU XPD OHWUD DGLFLRQDGD j GLUHLWD GR GDGR + KH[DGHFLPDO ' RX 7
GHFLPDO4RFWDORX%ELQiULR1~PHURVVHPLQGLFDGRUVmRFRQVLGHUDGRV
GHFLPDLV2VGDGRVH[SUHVVRVHPKH[DGHFLPDOGHYHPLQLFLDUVHPSUHFRPXP
GtJLWR QXPpULFR SRU H[HPSOR )$&$+ GHYH VHU HVFULWR )$&$+ &DVR
FRQWUiULR QmR VmR LQWHUSUHWDGRV FRPR VtPERORV QXPpULFRV PDV FRPR ODEHOV
RXVLQ{QLPRVGHILQLGRSHORXVXiULR&RQVWDQWHVHPFyGLJR$6&,,SRGHPVHU
UHSUHVHQWDGDVHQWUHDSyVWURIRVSRUH[HPSORYRQ1HXPDQQ

&ODVVLILFDomR
$VLQVWUXo}HVGRFODVVLILFDPVHHPTXDWURWLSRV
LQVWUXo}HV OyJLFDV H DULWPpWLFDV TXH SHUPLWHP HIHWXDU RSHUDo}HV FRPR DGLomR
VXEWUDomRGHVORFDPHQWRGHELWVFRPSOHPHQWRLQFUHPHQWRHDMXVWHGHFLPDO
$1'25;25$',$''68%$1,5$/'$$HWF
LQVWUXo}HV GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD GH GDGRV TXH SHUPLWHP WUDQVIHULU GDGRV HQWUH
UHJLVWUDGRUHVPHPyULDHSHULIpULFRV029,1/'$386+HWF
LQVWUXo}HVGHGHVYLRTXHSHUPLWHPDOWHUDUDVHTrQFLDQRUPDOGHH[HFXomRGR
SURJUDPD DWUDYpV GH FKDPDGDV H UHWRUQRV GH VXEURWLQDV RX VDOWRV -03
&$//5(7-1=51=&&567HWF
LQVWUXo}HV GH FRQWUROH GR SURFHVVDGRU TXH SHUPLWHP FRQWURODU VHX HVWDGR GH
H[HFXomRWDLVFRPRDUHWHQomR+/7RXDKDELOLWDomRGHLQWHUUXSo}HV
)RUPDWRGHXPDOLQKDGHFyGLJR$VVHPEO\
&DGD OLQKD GH XP SURJUDPD HP $VVHPEO\ SRGH DSUHVHQWDU RV VHJXLQWHV
FDPSRV ODEHO UyWXOR PQHP{QLFR RSHUDQGRV H FRPHQWiULR e LPSRUWDQWH
VDOLHQWDUTXHRVODEHOVGHYHPVHUHVFULWRVVHPSUHDSDUWLUGDSULPHLUDFROXQDGH
FDGDOLQKDHTXHLQVWUXo}HVHGLUHWLYDVQmRSRGHPFRPHoDUQDSULPHLUDFROXQD
2VFDPSRVVmRGHOLPLWDGRVDWUDYpVGHDOJXQVVtPERORVSUySULRVXPRXPDLV
HVSDoRV HP EUDQFR SHUPLWHP VHSDUDU GRLV FDPSRV GRLV SRQWRV SHUPLWHP
HVSHFLILFDURILQDOGRFDPSRGHXPODEHORSRQWRHYtUJXODPDUFDRLQtFLR
GR FDPSR GH FRPHQWiULRV H D YtUJXOD SHUPLWH VHSDUDU GRLV RSHUDQGRV 2V
FRPHQWiULRVHQFHUUDPVHDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHQRILQDOGDOLQKD8PH[HPSORGH
OLQKDFRPWRGRVHVVHVHOHPHQWRVp
START:
MVI A,00H
; Inicializa contador
1HVWH H[HPSOR START p XP ODEHO H MVI p R PQHP{QLFR GD LQVWUXomR 2V

RSHUDQGRVVmRAH00H
2 XVR GRV ODEHOV DXPHQWD D FODUH]D H D IDFLOLGDGH GH PDQXWHQomR GRV
SURJUDPDV H OLYUD R SURJUDPDGRU GR FiOFXOR GH HQGHUHoRV SDUD FRORFDU QDV
LQVWUXo}HV 3RU H[HPSOR SDUD ID]HU XP GHVYLR SDUD XPD GHWHUPLQDGD OLQKD
EDVWD HWLTXHWiOD FRP XP ODEHO H GHSRLV XVDU HVWH ODEHO FRPR RSHUDQGR GD
LQVWUXomRGHGHVYLR
LOOP:
MOV
INX
CMP
JNZ
A,M
H
L,B
LOOP
; Instruo de desvio
3URJUDPDomRGR

2DVVHPEOHUVHHQFDUUHJDGHFDOFXODURHQGHUHoRGDOLQKDGHGHVWLQRHWLTXHWDGD
FRP LOOP3RUH[HPSORVHHVVDOLQKDFDLUQRHQGHUHoR+RDVVHPEOHU
JHUDUi QD ~OWLPD OLQKD GR WUHFKR D LQVWUXomR JMP 2010H H FRUULJLUi HVWH
HQGHUHoRVHPSUHTXHRWUHFKRPXGDUGHOXJDU6HRSURJUDPDGRURSWDVVHSRU
QmRXWLOL]DURODEHOWHULDTXHID]HUHVVDFRUUHomRPDQXDOPHQWH
'LUHWLYDVGRDVVHPEOHU
$V GLUHWLYDV GH PRQWDJHP SHUPLWHP GHILQLU VtPERORV HVWDEHOHFHU HQGHUHoRV
HVSHFtILFRV SDUD GHWHUPLQDGRV WUHFKRV GR SURJUDPD FRPR SRU H[HPSOR R
HQGHUHoRLQLFLDORXDLQGDUHVHUYDUiUHDVGHPHPyULDSDUDYDULiYHLVJOREDLVe
LPSRUWDQWH OHPEUDU VHPSUH TXH DV GLUHWLYDV QmR ID]HP SDUWH GR FRQMXQWR GH
LQVWUXo}HVGRSURFHVVDGRUHTXHQmRJHUDPFyGLJRELQiULR
$V SULQFLSDLV GLUHWLYDV XWLOL]DGDV HP SURJUDPDV SDUD R VmR GHVFULWDV D
VHJXLUDFRPSDQKDGDVGHH[HPSORV
QRPH!'%YDORULQLFLDO!
$GLUHWLYD'%GHILQHE\WHSHUPLWHUHVHUYDUiUHDVGHPHPyULDHLGHQWLILFDUHVVDV
iUHDVFRPXPQRPH2QRPHXWLOL]DGRQDGLUHWLYDWRUQDVHXPVLQ{QLPRSDUD
R HQGHUHoR GR SULPHLUR E\WH UHVHUYDGR 8PD YH] TXH p SRVVtYHO UHIHUHQFLDU
HVVH QRPH D SDUWLU GH TXDOTXHU SRQWR GR SURJUDPD R HVSDoR UHVHUYDGR p
FRQKHFLGRFRPRXPDYDULiYHOJOREDO$VGLUHWLYDVFLWDGDVSHUPLWHPDLQGDDWULEXLU
YDORUHVLQLFLDLVDHVVDVYDULiYHLVFRQIRUPHLOXVWUDPRVH[HPSORVDVHJXLU
V1
DB 200
FULDXPDYDULiYHOJOREDOGHE\WHFXMRYDORULQLFLDOp2VtPEROR V1SDVVD
DVHUXPVLQ{QLPRSDUDRHQGHUHoRGDYDULiYHO$HVFROKDGHVWHHQGHUHoRSRGH
VHU IHLWD SHOR SURJUDPDGRU DWUDYpV GD GLUHWLYD 25* Y DGLDQWH RX HQWmR
GHL[DGD D FDUJR GR DVVHPEOHU 1HVWH FDVR D YDULiYHO VHUi VLPSOHVPHQWH
FRORFDGDQDVHTrQFLDGHWXGRTXHRDVVHPEOHUYLQKDFULDQGRDWpDOL
$OLQKDDVHJXLUFULDXPDYDULiYHOJOREDOGHE\WHVLQLFLDOL]DGRV FRQIRUPH D
VHTrQFLD GDGD SRGH VHU LQWHUSUHWDGD FRPR XPD WDEHOD FXMR SULPHLUR
HOHPHQWRUHVLGHQRHQGHUHoRV2
V2
DB 1,2,3
$OLQKDVHJXLQWHGHILQHXPDFDGHLDGHFDUDFWHUHVRXVWULQJRFXSDQGRE\WHV
P1
DB MIC
2VYDORUHVLQLFLDLVGRVE\WHVFULDGRVSHODOLQKDDFLPDFRUUHVSRQGHPDRFyGLJR
$6&,,GHFDGDFDUDFWHUUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH'++H+

25*HQGHUHoR!
2 VtPEROR 25* YHP GD SDODYUD LQJOHVD RULJLQ (VWD GLUHWLYD HVWDEHOHFH R
HQGHUHoRHPTXHRDVVHPEOHUFRORFDUiDSUy[LPDLQVWUXomRRXYDULiYHOJOREDO
e XWLOL]DGD SDUD GHWHUPLQDU R HQGHUHoR LQLFLDO GR SURJUDPD H D SRVLomR GH
RXWURV WUHFKRV GH FyGLJR TXDQGR VH GHVHMD TXH HVWHV UHVLGDP QXP HQGHUHoR
EHP GHWHUPLQDGR FRPR QR FDVR GRV WUDWDGRUHV GH LQWHUUXSomR 4XDQGR
VHJXLGD SRU XPD GDV GLUHWLYDV GH UHVHUYD GH iUHD GH PHPyULD YLVWDV DFLPD
VHUYH SDUD GHWHUPLQDU D SRVLomR GH XPD iUHD GH GDGRV 8P SURJUDPD SRGH
FRQWHUYiULDVGLUHWLYDV25*
2 HQGHUHoR SRGH VHU IRUQHFLGR QD IRUPD DEVROXWD XP YDORU JHUDOPHQWH HP
KH[DGHFLPDORXUHODWLYDjSRVLomRGDOLQKDDWXDOFXMRHQGHUHoRpUHSUHVHQWDGR
SHORVtPEROR$3RUH[HPSOR
ORG 2000H
UHIHUHVHjSRVLomRGHPHPyULDFXMRHQGHUHoRp+H
ORG $+100
WUDQVIHUHRSRQWRGHFRQWLQXDomRGDPRQWDJHPE\WHVDGLDQWH
VLQ{QLPR!(48YDORU!
3HUPLWHDVVRFLDUXPQRPHDXPYDORU3RUH[HPSOR
LIMIT
EQU 0FFH
SHUPLWH XWLOL]DU R VtPEROR /,0,7 FRPR VLQ{QLPR SDUD R YDORU ))+ HP

TXDOTXHUSDUWHGRSURJUDPD
2XVRGHVLQ{QLPRVpDOWDPHQWHUHFRPHQGiYHOSRUGXDVUD]}HVSULQFLSDLV
DXPHQWDPDTXDOLGDGHGRSURJUDPDSRUIDFLOLWDUHPVHXHQWHQGLPHQWR
IDFLOLWDPDPDQXWHQomRVHRYDORUSUHFLVDUVHUPRGLILFDGR1HVWHFDVREDVWD
DOWHUDU D GLUHWLYD SDUD UHGHILQLU R YDORU VH QmR VH XWLOL]DVVH R VLQ{QLPR R
YDORU XWLOL]DGR WHULD TXH VHU PRGLILFDGR HP WRGRV RV SRQWRV GR SURJUDPD
RQGHWLYHVVHVLGRFRORFDGR
(1'
,QGLFDRILPGRSURJUDPDIRQWHDRDVVHPEOHUTXHLJQRUDTXDOTXHUOLQKDHVFULWD
DSyVHVWDGLUHWLYD6XDSUHVHQoDpREULJDWyULDQRILQDOGRSURJUDPDVRESHQD
GHRDVVHPEOHUVHSHUGHUeLPSRUWDQWHOHPEUDUGHFRORFDUHVSDoRVQRLQtFLR
GDOLQKDSRLVWUDWDVHGHXPDGLUHWLYDHQmRGHXPODEHO
$WDEHODUHVXPHDVGLUHWLYDVDSUHVHQWDGDV
3URJUDPDomRGR
'LUHWLYD
25*
(48
'%YDORU!
'%YDORU!
'%VWULQJ!
(1'
)XQomR
'HILQLUHQGHUHoR
&ULDUVLQ{QLPR
&ULDUYDULiYHO
&ULDUYHWRUHV
&ULDUVWULQJV$6&,,
)LQDOGHSURJUDPD

([HPSOR
ORG 2000H
TAMANHO EQU 25H

COUNT
DB 00H
TABELA
DB 15H, 22H, ...
MSG
DB
Mensagem 1
END
7DE'LUHWLYDVGDOLQJXDJHP$VVHPEO\GR
(WDSDVGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRHP$VVHPEO\
8P SURJUDPD HP GHVHQYROYLPHQWR VRIUH GLYHUVDV WUDQVIRUPDo}HV GHVGH R
PRPHQWRHPTXHpHGLWDGRDWpFKHJDUjVXDIRUPDH[HFXWiYHO1RUPDOPHQWH
HVWDVWUDQVIRUPDo}HVVmRUHDOL]DGDVFRPRDX[tOLRGHIHUUDPHQWDVGHGLFDGDV$V
HWDSDVTXHFRPS}HPRSURFHVVRGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRVmRWLSLFDPHQWH
JHUDomR GR FyGLJRIRQWH HP TXH VH HVFUHYH XWLOL]DQGR XP HGLWRU GH WH[WR R
SURJUDPD HP OLQJXDJHP $VVHPEO\ HVWH SRGH FRPSUHHQGHU XP RX PDLV
DUTXLYRVIRQWH
WUDGXomRGRFyGLJRIRQWHHPTXHRDVVHPEOHUJHUDXPDUTXLYRREMHWRSDUDFDGD
DUTXLYRIRQWH
HGLomRGHOLJDo}HVRXOLQNDJHPHPTXHXPDIHUUDPHQWDFKDPDGDOLQNHUXQHRV
GLYHUVRV DUTXLYRVREMHWR QXP DUTXLYR XWLOL]iYHO SDUD H[HFXomR RX
VLPXODomR
FULDomR RX PDQXWHQomR GH ELEOLRWHFDV GH FyGLJRREMHWR RQGH VH DUPD]HQDP
VXEURWLQDVSDVVtYHLVGHUHDSURYHLWDPHQWRHPRXWURVSURJUDPDV
([HPSORGHSURJUDPDHP$VVHPEO\
2SURJUDPDDVHJXLUpSUHYLVWRSDUDH[HFXomRQR$EDFXVGHVFULWRQRFDStWXOR
/(7(&/$ H 02675$' VmR VXEURWLQDV VLPXODGDV HP 520 TXH
SHUPLWHPUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHOHUXPGtJLWRKH[DGHFLPDOGRWHFODGRHPRVWUDUR
FRQWH~GRGRSDUGHUHJLVWUDGRUHV'(QRFDPSRGHHQGHUHoRVGRGLVSOD\6HXV
HQGHUHoRVGHIDXOWDSDUHFHPQDILJXUD
2SURJUDPDGHYHHIHWXDUDPXOWLSOLFDomRGHGRLVQ~PHURVKH[DGHFLPDLVGH
ELWVHDSUHVHQWDURUHVXOWDGRTXHWHUiQRPi[LPRTXDWURGtJLWRV

2SURJUDPDSULQFLSDO
2 SURJUDPD SULQFLSDO GHYH VHU HVFULWR GH IRUPD TXH VXD OHLWXUD SHUPLWD
FRPSUHHQGHU LPHGLDWDPHQWH R TXH R SURJUDPD WRGR ID] 3RU LVVR VHUYLoRV
DX[LOLDUHVFRPRDOHLWXUDGRVGDGRVRXVXDDSUHVHQWDomRQRGLVSOD\GHYHPVHU
GHOHJDGRV SDUD VXEURWLQDV SDUD QmR GHVYLDU D DWHQomR GH TXHP WHQWD
FRPSUHHQGHU R SURJUDPD 'HVWD IRUPD R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GR SURJUDPD
SULQFLSDOVHUYHWDPEpPGHJXLDSDUDGHWHUPLQDUTXDLVVmRDVGHPDLVVXE URWLQDV
TXHFRQVWLWXLUmRRSURJUDPD
2V FRPHQWiULRV VmR HVFULWRV VHP FDUDFWHUHV DFHQWXDGRV SRUTXH HVWHV FULDP
SUREOHPDVSDUDRDVVHPEOHU
LETECLA EQU 02E7H
MOSTRAD EQU 0363H
ORG 2000H
INICIO: LXI SP,20C0H
LOOP0: CALL LE_DADO
MOV B,A
CALL LE_DADO
MOV C,A
CALL MULT
CALL MOSTRAD
JMP LOOP0
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
sinonimos para sub-rotinas em ROM

endereco inicial do programa
define inicio da pilha
leitura de N1 (acumulador)
copia N1 para o registrador B
leitura de N2 (acumulador)
copia N2 para o registrador C
DE = C * B
apresenta resultado
reinicia
$OHLWXUDGHGDGRV
2SURJUDPDSULQFLSDODFLPDSUHFLVDGHXPDVXE URWLQDFKDPDGD/(B'$'2
SDUDID]HUDOHLWXUDGHFDGDXPGRVQ~PHURVKH[DGHFLPDLVGHGRLVGtJLWRV(VWD
GHYHOHYDUHPFRQVLGHUDomRRVVHJXLQWHVSRQWRV
D VXEURWLQD /(7(&/$ TXH SRGH VHU XWLOL]DGD SDUD OHU R WHFODGR Or XP
GtJLWR GH FDGD YH] SRU LVVR SUHFLVD VHU FKDPDGD GXDV YH]HV SDUD OHU XP
Q~PHURGHGRLVGtJLWRV
R SULPHLUR GRV GRLV GtJLWRV KH[DGHFLPDLV D VHU OLGR p R GtJLWR PDLV
VLJQLILFDWLYR(VWHGHYHVHUPXOWLSOLFDGRSRUHWUDQVIHULGRGRDFXPXODGRU
SDUD XP RXWUR UHJLVWUDGRU SDUD QmR VHU DSDJDGR QD FKDPDGD VHJXLQWH GH
/(7(&/$
RQ~PHURKH[DGHFLPDOGHGRLVGtJLWRVVHUiREWLGRDWUDYpVGHXPDRSHUDomR
28 HQWUH R UHJLVWUDGRU TXH DUPD]HQD R GtJLWR PDLV VLJQLILFDWLYR Mi
PXOWLSOLFDGRSRUHRGtJLWRPHQRVVLJQLILFDWLYR
RQ~PHURREWLGRGHYHVHUUHWRUQDGRQRDFXPXODGRU
&RPLVVRDVXEURWLQDGHOHLWXUDILFDDVVLP
3URJUDPDomRGR
LE_DADO:CALL LETECLA
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
MOV E,A
CALL LETECLA
ORA E
RET

; le o digito mais significativo
;
;
;
;
;
multiplica-o por 16
digito mais significativo em E
le digito menos significativo
compoe numero de dois digitos
retorna com numero em A
$VXEURWLQDGHPXOWLSOLFDomR
$ VXEURWLQD 08/7 GHYH PXOWLSOLFDU GRLV Q~PHURV KH[DGHFLPDLV GH ELWV
FRQWLGRVHP%H&HFRORFDURUHVXOWDGRGHVWDPXOWLSOLFDomRQRSDU'(
3RGHVHFRPHoDUFULDQGRXPDVXE URWLQDTXHPXOWLSOLFDGRLVQ~PHURVGHGRLV
GtJLWRVQHQFRPUHVXOWDGRGHGRLVGtJLWRVYiOLGDVRPHQWHSDUDRVFDVRVHP
TXHRUHVXOWDGRGDPXOWLSOLFDomRpLQIHULRUD
$ PXOWLSOLFDomR GH Q H Q VHUi HIHWXDGD VRPDQGR VH Q YH]HV R RSHUDQGR Q
&RQVLGHUDQGR TXH RV UHJLVWUDGRUHV % H & FRQWrP UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH RV
RSHUDQGRVQHQRWUHFKRGHFyGLJRDVHJXLUID]DPXOWLSOLFDomRHDSUHVHQWDR
UHVXOWDGRQRUHJLVWUDGRU(
MULT:
LOOP1:
MVI
ADD
DCR
JNZ
MOV
RET
A,00
B
C
LOOP1
E,A
;
;
;
;
;
;
inicializacao
acrescenta valor de N1 ao acumulador
decrementa o conteudo de C
repete a soma N2 vezes
transfere o resultado para E
retorno com resultado em E
$VHJXLUHVWDVXEURWLQDGHYHVHUHVWHQGLGDSDUDWUDWDUUHVXOWDGRVFRPGtJLWRV
KH[DGHFLPDLV LQFOXLQGR DVVLP D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH R UHVXOWDGR VHU VXSHULRU D
3DUDWDQWREDVWDLQFUHPHQWDURUHJLVWUDGRU'TXHYDLDSUHVHQWDURVGRLV
GtJLWRVPDLVVLJQLILFDWLYRVFDGDYH]TXHRUHVXOWDGRGDDGLomRQRDFXPXODGRU
XOWUDSDVVDUFRQIRUPHLQGLFDGRSHOR&DUU\)ODJ
MULT:
LOOP1:
CONT:
MVI
MVI
ADD
JNC
INR
DCR
JNZ
MOV
RET
D,00
A,00
B
CONT
D
C
LOOP1
E,A
; inicializacoes
; soma N1 ao acumulador
; vai 1?
; incrementa D se a soma passa de FF
; repete a soma N2 vezes
; transfere o resultado para E
; retorno com resultado no par DE
2SURJUDPDFRPSOHWRFRQVLVWHHQWmRGRSURJUDPDSULQFLSDOHGDVVXE URWLQDV
08/7 H /(B'$'2 2 DUTXLYRIRQWH SUHFLVD FRQWHU DLQGD XPD GLUHWLYD
(1' QR ILQDO &RQVXOWH R FDStWXOR SDUD FRQWLQXDU FRP D PRQWDJHP H D
H[HFXomRQR$EDFXV

2XWURVWUHFKRVGHFyGLJR
(VWDVHomRDSUHVHQWDDOJXQVWUHFKRVGHFyGLJRWtSLFRVGHSURJUDPDV$VVHPEO\
6HX HVWXGR p GH JUDQGH YDOLD SDUD DXPHQWDU DV KDELOLGDGHV GH SURJUDPDomR
YLVWR TXH DV WDUHIDV GLVFXWLGDV DSDUHFHP FRP JUDQGH IUHTrQFLD QD
SURJUDPDomRGHTXDOTXHUPLFURSURFHVVDGRU2VWUHFKRVDSUHVHQWDGRVGmRXPD
LGpLD GH FRPR FRPSLODGRUHV GH OLQJXDJHQV GH DOWR QtYHO LPSOHPHQWDP RV
FRPDQGRVGHWRPDGDGHGHFLVmR(if)HGHUHSHWLomR(while, for)
7RPDQGRGHFLV}HV
7RPDUXPDGHFLVmRHP$VVHPEO\pVHPSUHXPSURFHVVRGHGXDVHWDSDVXPD
FRPSDUDomR VHJXLGD GH XP GHVYLR FRQGLFLRQDO $ RSHUDomR GH FRPSDUDomR
WHP SRU IXQomR SUHSDUDU RV IODJV SDUD D RSHUDomR GH GHVYLR $V GLIHUHQWHV
LQVWUXo}HV GH GHVYLR FRQGLFLRQDO SRGHP VHU XWLOL]DGDV SDUD LPSOHPHQWDU
GLYHUVRVFULWpULRVGHGHFLVmR
2V H[HPSORV D VHJXLU H[SORUDP HVVDV SRVVLELOLGDGHV (P WRGRV RV H[HPSORV
TXHFRPSDUDPGRLVQ~PHURVDVVXPHVHTXHHVWHVVHFKDPDP;H<HTXHVH
HQFRQWUDPUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHQRVUHJLVWUDGRUHV$H%
([HFXomRGHXPEORFRGHLQVWUXo}HVVH; <
CMP B
JNZ CONT
; seta flags de acordo com X - Y

; salta se X Y
...
; instrues executadas se X = Y
CONT:
; ponto de continuao do programa
([HFXomRGHXPEORFRGHLQVWUXo}HVVH;<
CMP B
JZ CONT

; salta se X = Y
...
; instrues executadas se X Y
CONT:
CONT:
CMP B
JC CONT

; salta se X < Y
...
3URJUDPDomRGR

([HFXomRGHXPEORFRGHLQVWUXo}HVVH;!<
CMP B
JC CONT
JZ CONT

; salta se X < Y
; salta se X = Y
...
; instrues executadas se X > Y
CONT:
OK:
CMP B
JZ OK
JNC CONT

; salta se X = Y
; salta se X Y
...
CONT:
CMP B
JNC CONT

; salta se X Y
...
; instrues executadas se X < Y
CONT:
2 SUy[LPR H[HPSOR LPSOHPHQWD XPD FRQVWUXomR GR WLSR if.. then...

elseFRPXPHPOLQJXDJHQVGHDOWRQtYHO
([HFXomRGHXPEORFRVH; <HGHRXWURVH;<
DIFF:
CONT:
CMP B
JNZ DIFF

; salta se X Y
...
JMP CONT
; salto para isolar o bloco seguinte
...
1RWH R XVR GDV LQVWUXo}HV -& H -1& QRV H[HPSORV HP TXH p SUHFLVR
GHWHUPLQDU VH ; p PDLRU RX PHQRU GR TXH < 2 FDUU\ IODJ LQGLFD VH KRXYH
HPSUHVWD QD VXEWUDomR IHLWD SHOD LQVWUXomR GH FRPSDUDomR 6H KRXYH
&< HQWmRRYDORUGRDFXPXODGRUpPHQRUGRTXHRGRUHJLVWUDGRUXVDGR
VHQmRKRXYH&< HQWmRpPDLRURXLJXDO
$WHQomR SDUD R FyGLJR D VHJXLU TXH HPSUHJD D LQVWUXomR -0 QR OXJDU GH -&
SDUDH[HFXWDUXPEORFRVH; <

CMP B
JM CONT

; desejamos saltar se X < Y
...
; instrues a executar se X Y
CONT:
(VWH FyGLJR WDPEpP IXQFLRQD PDV DSHQDV HQTXDQWR $ % + 6H HVWD
FRQGLomRQmRHVWLYHUVDWLVIHLWDDLQVWUXomRGHFRPSDUDomRVHWDRVLJQIODJHR
FyGLJRSDVVDDVHFRPSRUWDUGHIRUPDFRQWUiULDjHVSHUDGD3RUH[HPSORSDUD
$ + H % + R UHVXOWDGR GD VXEWUDomR LQWHUQD p + TXH p
LQWHUSUHWDGR FRPR XP Q~PHUR QHJDWLYR $VVLP R FyGLJR DFLPD FRQVLGHUDULD
+PHQRUGRTXH+(VWHSUREOHPDQmRDFRQWHFHDRVHXVDURFDUU\IODJH
p SRU LVVR TXH R FRUUHWR p XWLOL]DU DV LQVWUXo}HV -& H -1& SDUD ID]HU DV
FRPSDUDo}HV $V LQVWUXo}HV -0 H -3 GHYHP VHU XWLOL]DGDV TXDQGR IRU
QHFHVViULRGHWHUPLQDUVHRUHVXOWDGRGHXPDRSHUDomRpXPQ~PHURSRVLWLYR
RXQHJDWLYR
2V SUy[LPRV H[HPSORV LPSOHPHQWDP FRQGLo}HV GXSODV GH WHVWH 3DUD WDQWR
FRQVLGHUHTXHVHWUDEDOKDDJRUDFRPTXDWURQ~PHURV;<=H:FRQWLGRV
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWHQRVUHJLVWUDGRUHV$%&H'
([HFXomRGHXPEORFRGHLQVWUXo}HVVH; <(: =
CMP B
JNZ CONT
MOV A,C
CMP D
JNZ CONT
;
;
;
;
;
;
...
CONT:
seta flags de acordo com X - Y

se falhar a primeira condio, no
preciso testar a segunda
assume-se que X pode ser destrudo
seta flags de acordo com W e Z
salta se falhar a segunda condio
([HFXomRGHXPEORFRGHLQVWUXo}HVVH; <28: =
CMP B
JZ OK
OK:
CONT:
MOV A,C
CMP D
JNZ CONT
;
;
;
;
;
;
seta flags de acordo com X - Y

se OK na primeira, no preciso
testar a segunda
assume-se que X pode ser destrudo
seta flags de acordo com W e Z
salta se falhar a segunda condio
...
3URJUDPDomRGR

5HSHWLo}HV
$V UHSHWLo}HV VmR PXLWR FRPXQV HP WRGRV RV WLSRV GH SURJUDPDV 1DV
OLQJXDJHQV GH DOWR QtYHO DV HVWUXWXUDV GH UHSHWLomR LPSOHPHQWDGDV SHORV
H[HPSORVDVHJXLUFRUUHVSRQGHPDFRPDQGRVFRPR for
/RRSLQILQLWR
LOOP:
...
; bloco de instrues a repetir indefinidamente
JMP LOOP
/RRSUHSHWLGR&YH]HVVH& pH[HFXWDGRYH]HV
LOOP:
...
; bloco de instrues a repetir

; no deve alterar o valor de C
DCR C
JNZ LOOP
; decrementa C e seta flags;
/RRSUHSHWLGR&YH]HVVH& QmRpH[HFXWDGR
LOOP:
CONT:
MVI A,00H
CMP C
JZ CONT
...
; bloco de instrues a repetir

; no deve alterar o valor de C
DCR C
JNZ LOOP
; decrementa C e seta flags;
...
; continuao do programa
$V FRQGLo}HV DSUHVHQWDGDV QR LWHP SRGHP WDPEpP DSDUHFHU FRPR
FULWpULRVGHHQFHUUDPHQWRGDVUHSHWLo}HV$VVLPpSRVVtYHOUHSHWLUXPEORFRGH
LQVWUXo}HV HQTXDQWR XPD FHUWD FRQGLomR IRU YHUGDGHLUD FRPR SRU H[HPSOR
;!<RX; <eLVVRTXHFULDXPFRPDQGRwhile
&DVRVSDUWLFXODUHVGHPXOWLSOLFDomR
4XDQGR R UHVXOWDGR GD PXOWLSOLFDomR GH GRLV Q~PHURV QmR XOWUDSDVVD R
WDPDQKRGRDFXPXODGRU))+QRFDVRGRVSURFHVVDGRUHVGHELWVpSRVVtYHO
HIHWXDU D PXOWLSOLFDomR SRU GHVORFDPHQWR GH ELWV DR LQYpV GH HPSUHJDU D
UHSHWLomR GD VRPD 2 PpWRGR EDVHLDVH QR IDWR GH TXH GHQWUR GHVVDV
FRQGLo}HV D RSHUDomR 5/& DFUHVFHQWD XP ]HUR j GLUHLWD GR PXOWLSOLFDQGR H
SRUWDQWR PXOWLSOLFDR SRU $SOLFDQGRVH HVWD RSHUDomR YiULDV YH]HV H
JXDUGDQGRRVUHVXOWDGRVLQWHUPHGLiULRVGHIRUPDFRQYHQLHQWHSRGHVHHIHWXDU

DPXOWLSOLFDomRGHGRLVQ~PHURVTXDLVTXHUFRQIRUPHLOXVWUDPRVH[HPSORVD
VHJXLU(PWRGRVHOHVRYDORULQLFLDOGRDFXPXODGRUpUHSUHVHQWDGRSHODOHWUD[
0XOWLSOLFDomRSRU
(VWHpXPGRVFDVRVPDLVVLPSOHVSRLV $VVLPEDVWDDVHTrQFLD
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
;
;
;
;
A
A
A
A
=
=
=
=
2x
4x
8x
16x
SDUDPXOWLSOLFDUSRURFRQWH~GRGRDFXPXODGRU(PJHUDODPXOWLSOLFDomR
SRUQVHID]FRPQRSHUDo}HV5/&RXQRSHUDo}HV55&
0XOWLSOLFDomRSRU
$PXOWLSOLFDomRSRUVHID]FRPDX[tOLRGHXPUHJLVWUDGRULQWHUPHGLiULR
RLC
MOV B,A
RLC
RLC
ADD B
;
;
;
;
;
A
B
A
A
A
=
=
=
=
=
2x
2x
4x
8x
8x + 2x = 10x
;
;
;
;
;
B
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',

&6
'6
66
(6
,3

2)
')
,)
7)
6)
=)
$)
3)
&)
)ODJV
)LJ2PRGHORGHSURJUDPDomRGR
6mR DR WRGR UHJLVWUDGRUHV GH ELWV LQFOXLQGR RV Mi PHQFLRQDGRV
UHJLVWUDGRUHVGHVHJPHQWR&6'666H(6$OpPGHVVHVDSDUHFHPRVDVVLP

FKDPDGRV UHJLVWUDGRUHV GH XVR JHUDO $; ', R SRQWHLUR GH LQVWUXo}HV ,3
LQVWUXFWLRQSRLQWHUTXHID]RSDSHOGR3&GRHRVIODJV
2V UHJLVWUDGRUHV $; '; SRGHP WHU FDGD XP GH VHXV E\WHV HQGHUHoDGRV
VHSDUDGDPHQWH3DUDLVWRDVLQVWUXo}HVXWLOL]DPRVQRPHV$+'+SDUDRV
E\WHV PDLV VLJQLILFDWLYRV H RV QRPHV $/ '/ SDUD RV E\WHV PHQRV
VLJQLILFDWLYRVGHVVHVUHJLVWUDGRUHV(PERUDVHMDPFODVVLILFDGRVSHOD,QWHOFRPR
UHJLVWUDGRUHV GH XVR JHUDO HVVHV UHJLVWUDGRUHV QmR VmR FRPSOHWDPHQWH
HTXLYDOHQWHVHQWUHVL3RUH[HPSORDVRSHUDo}HVPDLVFRPSOH[DVUHTXHUHPHP
JHUDO TXH VH XVH R UHJLVWUDGRU $; TXH UHIOHWH DOJXPDV GDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GR
DFXPXODGRU GR VHX DQWHFHVVRU R 2 UHJLVWUDGRU '; p QHFHVViULR QDV
RSHUDo}HV GH PXOWLSOLFDomR H GLYLVmR GH ELWV H HP DOJXPDV RSHUDo}HV GH
,2 H R UHJLVWUDGRU &; WHP R SDSHO GH FRQWDGRU QDV LQVWUXo}HV TXH GmR
VXSRUWHjFRQVWUXomRGHORRSV
2VRXWURVUHJLVWUDGRUHVGHXVRJHUDO63',VmRUHJLVWUDGRUHVGHHQGHUHoRH
SRU LVVR SRGHP VHU DFHVVDGRV DSHQDV FRPR UHJLVWUDGRUHV GH ELWV 2V
UHJLVWUDGRU63pRSRQWHLURGDSLOKD%3SRGHVHUYLUFRPRUHJLVWUDGRUGHXVR
JHUDO PDV GHVHPSHQKD WDPEpP XP SDSHO LPSRUWDQWH UHODFLRQDGR j SLOKD QD
SDVVDJHPGHSDUkPHWURVHQDFULDomRGHYDULiYHLVORFDLVYFDStWXOR6,H',
WrP DSOLFDo}HV GH XVR JHUDO H VmR WDPEpP HPSUHJDGRV SHODV LQVWUXo}HV GH
PDQLSXODomRGHVWULQJV
&RQVLGHUDo}HVVREUHDOLQJXDJHP$60
$OLQJXDJHPDVVHPEO\GHVHQYROYLGDSHOD,QWHOSDUDRFKDPDVH$60
'HWDOKDU WRGDV DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GHVWD OLQJXDJHP HVWi DOpP GR REMHWLYR GHVWH
WH[WR PDV H[LVWHP DOJXPDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV TXH VmR HVVHQFLDLV SDUD D
FRPSUHHQVmR GRV SURJUDPDV TXH VHUmR HVWXGDGRV H TXH SRU LVVR PHUHFHP
DWHQomRHVSHFLDO
2 FRQFHLWR PDLV LPSRUWDQWH H GLIHUHQWH GH RXWUDV OLQJXDJHQV DVVHPEO\ p R
FRQFHLWRGHWLSR&DGDVtPERORGHXPSURJUDPD$60VHMDRQRPHGHXPD
YDULiYHOXPVLQ{QLPRSDUDXPHQGHUHoRRXXPVLQ{QLPRSDUDXPDFRQVWDQWH
WHP XP GHWHUPLQDGR WLSR 0XLWDV YH]HV R DVVHPEOHU QmR SUHFLVD TXH R
SURJUDPDGRU GLJD H[SOLFLWDPHQWH TXDO R WLSR GH XP VtPEROR SRLV SRGH
GHGX]LORSRUFRQWDSUySULD3RUH[HPSORHP
MOV AX,[BX]
; copia o word endereado por BX para AX
R DVVHPEOHU SRGH GHGX]LU TXH R FRQWH~GR D VHU FRSLDGR GD PHPyULD p XP

ZRUGSRLVRUHJLVWUDGRU$;pGHELWV0DVQRFDVRGDLQVWUXomR
INC [BX]
; incrementar byte ou word ???
2PLFURSURFHVVDGRU

R DVVHPEOHU QmR WHP FRPR VDEHU VH GHYH LQFUHPHQWDU R E\WH TXH UHVLGH QR
RIIVHW%;RXVHGHYHLQFUHPHQWDURZRUGTXHUHVLGHHP%;%;1HVWH
FDVRRDVVHPEOHUJHUDULDXPDPHQVDJHPGHHUURREULJDQGRRSURJUDPDGRUD
GHFLGLUTXDOGRVGRLVHIHLWRVGHVHMDTXHDLQVWUXomRWHQKD2SURJUDPDGRUWHP
TXHGL]HUTXDORWLSRGDYDULiYHOHQGHUHoDGDLQGLUHWDPHQWHSRU%;HVFUHYHQGR
INC BYTE PTR [BX]
; incrementa o byte de offset BX
SDUDLQFUHPHQWDURE\WHFXMRRIIVHWpRYDORUFRQWLGRHP%;RX
INC WORD PTR [BX]
; incrementa o word de offset BX
SDUDLQFUHPHQWDURZRUGTXHVHHQFRQWUDQRVHQGHUHoRV%;H%;
2VWLSRVGHILQLGRVQDOLQJXDJHP$60VmRRVVHJXLQWHV
%<7(375
UHIHUHQFLDXPDYDULiYHOGHE\WH
UHIHUHQFLDXPDYDULiYHOGHZRUG
UHIHUHQFLDXPDYDULiYHOGHZRUGV
UHIHUHQFLDRHQGHUHoRGHGHVWLQRGHXPDLQVWUXomRGHGHVYLRGR
:25'375
':25'375

WLSRQHDU
LGHPSDUDGHVYLRVGRWLSRIDU
R YDORU GR VtPEROR FRP HVWH WLSR TXH UDUDPHQWH SUHFLVD VHU
XWLOL]DGRpXPVLQ{QLPRSDUDXPDFRQVWDQWHGHELWV
1($5 375
)$5 375
180%(5
)RUPDWRGDVLQVWUXo}HVGR
2 IRUPDWR HVFROKLGR SHORV SURMHWLVWDV SDUD DV LQVWUXo}HV GH XP
PLFURSURFHVVDGRUpXPDVROXomRGHFRPSURPLVVRHQWUHHOHJkQFLDRFXSDomRGH
PHPyULD H GHVHPSHQKR 3RU H[HPSOR SDUD SULYLOHJLDU D HVWpWLFD SRGHUVHLD
UHVHUYDU XP SHGDoR GH FDGD LQVWUXomR SDUD FRQWHU R FyGLJR TXH D LGHQWLILFD
DVVLP FRPR DFRQWHFH FRP R SULPHLUR E\WH GDV LQVWUXo}HV GR 1R
HQWDQWRSRGHULDKDYHULQVWUXo}HVTXHQmRQHFHVVLWDVVHPGHWRGRHVWHHVSDoRH
FRP LVVR KDYHULD GHVSHUGtFLR HP DOJXQV FDVRV (VWH GHVSHUGtFLR DIHWDULD
QHJDWLYDPHQWHDHFRQRPLDGHPHPyULDHRGHVHPSHQKR
1RFDVRGRRTXHVHIH]IRLSURFXUDUDSURYHLWDUFDGDELWGLVSRQtYHOGH
PRGRDFRPSDFWDUDRPi[LPRDVLQVWUXo}HVHRWLPL]DUDXWLOL]DomRGDPHPyULD
H D YHORFLGDGH GH OHLWXUD GDV LQVWUXo}HV (P FRQWUDSDUWLGD VXD FRGLILFDomR p
PXLWRPDLVFRPSOH[DGRTXHQRSRLVDJRUDRFyGLJRGHXPDLQVWUXomR
QmR SUHFLVD RFXSDU H[DWDPHQWH E\WH H RV ELWV QmR RFXSDGRV VmR XWLOL]DGRV
FRP RXWUDV ILQDOLGDGHV 2 FRPSULPHQWR GDV LQVWUXo}HV SRGH YDULDU GH D
E\WHV

$ WtWXOR GH H[HPSOR D ILJXUD WUD] R IRUPDWR GDV LQVWUXo}HV GH

PRYLPHQWDomR GH GDGRV LPHGLDWRV SDUD PHPyULD RX HQWUH UHJLVWUDGRUHV 2
FyGLJR GD LQVWUXomR RFXSD RV ELWV PDLV VLJQLILFDWLYRV GR SULPHLUR E\WH
HQTXDQWR RV ELWV H LQIOXHQFLDP R UHVWDQWH GD LQVWUXomR 2 ELW Z SRU
H[HPSORVHUYHSDUDGLVWLQJXLUDVLQVWUXo}HVTXHPDQLSXODPE\WHVZ GDV
LQVWUXo}HVDQiORJDVTXHPDQLSXODPZRUGVZ

RSFRGH
SRVWE\WH
GDWD
GDWDLIVZ
)LJ([HPSORGHIRUPDWRGHLQVWUXomRGR
2SRVWE\WHpGLYLGLGRHPWUrVFDPSRVFRQIRUPHDILJXUD6HRFDPSRPRG
FRQWpP R YDORU ELQiULR HQWmR R RSHUDQGR GD LQVWUXomR p XP UHJLVWUDGRU
LGHQWLILFDGRSRUXPFyGLJRGHELWVFRORFDGRQRFDPSRUP,QVWUXo}HVTXH
UHIHUHQFLDP GRLV UHJLVWUDGRUHV SRGHP XWLOL]DU R FDPSR UHJ SDUD LGHQWLILFDU R
VHJXQGR UHJLVWUDGRU 2XWURV YDORUHV FRORFDGRV QR FDPSR PRG VLJQLILFDP TXH
HVWHGHYHVHUGHFRGLILFDGRHPFRQMXQWRFRPUPSDUDGHWHUPLQDURPRGRGH
HQGHUHoDPHQWRDVHUXWLOL]DGR

PRG
UHJ
UP
)LJ'HWDOKDPHQWRGRSRVWE\WH
2SDSHOGRH[HPSORDFLPDpDSHQDVRGHSURSRUFLRQDUDROHLWRUXPDLGpLDGH
FRPRDFRGLILFDomRpIHLWDeLPSRUWDQWHQRWDUFRPRVHFRQVHJXHDSURYHLWDURV
ELWV GLVSRQtYHLV PDV QmR VH SUHRFXSDU FRP D PHPRUL]DomR GH GHWDOKHV TXH
VmR H[FOXVLYRV GR H SRUWDQWR GH SRXFD XWLOLGDGH SDUD D DVVLPLODomR GRV
FRQFHLWRVFRQVLGHUDGRVLPSRUWDQWHVQHVWHWH[WR
0RGRVGHHQGHUHoDPHQWR
(VWD VHomR GHVFUHYH RV GLYHUVRV PRGRV GH HQGHUHoDPHQWR GR (PERUD
WUDWHPHVSHFLILFDPHQWHGHVWHFRPSRQHQWHDVLQIRUPDo}HVDSUHVHQWDGDVVmRGH
XWLOLGDGHJHUDOXPDYH]TXHPXLWRVPRGRVGHHQGHUHoDPHQWRHQFRQWUDGRVHP
RXWURVPLFURSURFHVVDGRUHVHPLFURFRQWURODGRUHVVmRVHPHOKDQWHVDRVGHVFULWRV
DTXL
2VPRGRVGHHQGHUHoDPHQWRVmRDVGLIHUHQWHVPDQHLUDVTXHDVLQVWUXo}HVGR
SURFHVVDGRU WrP SDUD HVSHFLILFDU D ORFDOL]DomR GH VHXV RSHUDQGRV 8P
RSHUDQGR SRGH ID]HU SDUWH GH XPD LQVWUXomR RX HQWmR SRGH HVWDU ORFDOL]DGR
HPXPUHJLVWUDGRURXQDPHPyULD'HSHQGHQGRGRFDVRGLIHUHQWHVPRGRVVmR
2PLFURSURFHVVDGRU

QHFHVViULRV3RUH[HPSORSDUDLQLFLDOL]DUXPUHJLVWUDGRUFRPXPYDORUIL[RH
FRQKHFLGR HP WHPSR GH PRQWDJHP HP JHUDO VHUi FRQYHQLHQWH XWLOL]DU R
PRGRLPHGLDWRTXHDFHLWDXPDFRQVWDQWHSDUDYDUUHUXPDWDEHODHPEXVFDGH
DOJXPDLQIRUPDomRVHUiQHFHVViULRDOJXPWLSRGHHQGHUHoDPHQWRTXHSHUPLWD
YDULDURtQGLFHGRHOHPHQWRHQGHUHoDGRHPWHPSRGHH[HFXomR
(QGHUHoDPHQWRYLDUHJLVWUDGRU
1HVWH PRGR GH HQGHUHoDPHQWR R RSHUDQGR D VHU XWLOL]DGR VH HQFRQWUD QXP
UHJLVWUDGRUUHIHUHQFLDGRSHODLQVWUXomR3RGHPVHUXWLOL]DGRVRV UHJLVWUDGRUHV
$;',RXDLQGDRVUHJLVWUDGRUHVGHELWV$+'/
3RUH[HPSORDLQVWUXomR
MOV AX,BX
; copia o contedo de BX para AX
ID]UHIHUrQFLDDRUHJLVWUDGRU%;SRUTXHpOiTXHHVWiFRQWLGRRRSHUDQGRDVHU
FRSLDGRSDUDRUHJLVWUDGRU$;
'DPHVPDIRUPDHP
CMP AL,DL
; seta os flags de acordo com o

; resultado da subtrao AL-DL
RGDGRDVHUFRPSDUDGRFRPRYDORUGH$/HVWiORFDOL]DGRHP'/
(QGHUHoDPHQWRLPHGLDWR
$TXL R RSHUDQGR ID] SDUWH GD SUySULD LQVWUXomR (VWH PRGR p XWLOL]DGR SDUD
DWULEXLU YDORUHV FRQVWDQWHV GH RX GH ELWV D UHJLVWUDGRUHV RX SRVLo}HV GH
PHPyULDFRPRHP
MOV AX,1000H
; AX = 1000H
CMP SI,0000H
; seta os flags de acordo com o

; resultado da subtrao SI-0000H.
RX
2PRGRLPHGLDWRGRWHPGXDVSHTXHQDVOLPLWDo}HVQmRHVWiGLVSRQtYHO
SDUDDWULEXLomRGHYDORUHVDRVUHJLVWUDGRUHVGHVHJPHQWRQHPSDUDDLQVWUXomR
386+
3RGHVHSHUJXQWDUDJRUDVHDVLQVWUXo}HVXWLOL]DGDVQRVH[HPSORVQmRXWLOL]DP
WDPEpP R PRGR YLD UHJLVWUDGRU XPD YH] TXH Ki UHJLVWUDGRUHV HVSHFLILFDGRV
7HPSRGHPRQWDJHPUHIHUHVHjHWDSDGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGRSURJUDPD9DORUHV
FRQKHFLGRVHPWHPSRGHPRQWDJHPVmRFRQVWDQWHVGHWHUPLQDGDVGHDQWHPmRSHOR
SURJUDPDGRURXFDOFXODGDVSHORDVVHPEOHUHQmRSRGHPVHUPRGLILFDGRVGXUDQWHDH[HFXomR
7HPSRGHH[HFXomRUHIHUHVHDRSURJUDPDHPH[HFXomR

,VWRpYHUGDGHHDSUHVHQoDGHGRLVPRGRVGHHQGHUHoDPHQWRSRGHDFRQWHFHU
HPWRGDVDVLQVWUXo}HVGHGRLVRSHUDQGRV$TXLpFODURTXHRPRGRLPHGLDWR
VHUHIHUHDRRSHUDQGRGHRULJHP(PRXWURVSRQWRVGRWH[WRRRSHUDQGRGH
TXHVHWUDWDVHUiFLWDGRH[SOLFLWDPHQWHVHKRXYHUSRVVLELOLGDGHGHFRQIXVmR
(QGHUHoDPHQWRDEVROXWRRXGLUHWR
1HVWH PRGR R RSHUDQGR TXH VH GHVHMD HQGHUHoDU UHVLGH QD PHPyULD H D
LQVWUXomR FRQWpP R HQGHUHoR GR RSHUDQGR $ ILJXUD LOXVWUD R
IXQFLRQDPHQWRGDLQVWUXomR
MOV AX,[1000H]
(QGHUHoR
+
+
+

; copia para AX o word localizado

; nos offsets 1000H e 1001H.
'DGR
+
+
+

$;
+
)LJ(QGHUHoDPHQWRDEVROXWR029$;>+@
([LVWHWDPEpPXPPRGRGHHQGHUHoDPHQWRDEVROXWRORQJRXWLOL]DGRDSHQDV
HPLQVWUXo}HVGHGHVYLRGRWLSRIDURQGHVmRIRUQHFLGRVVHJPHQWRHRIIVHWGR
GHVWLQRGRGHVYLR
JMP 1234H:5678H; salto incondicional para 1234H:5678H
(QGHUHoDPHQWRLQGLUHWR
7DOFRPRQRFDVRDQWHULRURRSHUDQGRUHVLGHQDPHPyULD$LQVWUXomRSRUpP
QmR HVSHFLILFD R RIIVHW GR RSHUDQGR PDV XP UHJLVWUDGRU GH ELWV TXH
FRQWpPHVVHRIIVHW3RGHPVHUXWLOL]DGRVRVUHJLVWUDGRUHV%;%3',H6,
$ILJXUDLOXVWUDRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGDLQVWUXomR
MOV AX,[BX]
; AX recebe o word de offset BX.
'HIRUPDDQiORJDDLQVWUXomR
INC BYTE PTR [DI]
LQFUHPHQWDRE\WHFXMRRIIVHWHVWiFRQWLGRHP',1RWHDXWLOL]DomRH[SOtFLWD
GRWLSR%<7(375QHVWHFDVRQHFHVViULRSDUDTXHRDVVHPEOHUSRVVDGHFLGLU
VHRSURJUDPDGHYHLQFUHPHQWDURE\WHTXHUHVLGHQRHQGHUHoR',RXRZRUG
TXHUHVLGHHP',',1RH[HPSORDQWHULRURDVVHPEOHUSRGHGHGX]LUTXH
2PLFURSURFHVVDGRU

RRSHUDQGRGHRULJHPpGRWLSR:25'375SRUTXHRRSHUDQGRGHGHVWLQR
$;pXPUHJLVWUDGRUGHELWV3RULVVRQDTXHOHFDVRRWLSRQmRSUHFLVDVHU
H[SOLFLWDGR
%;
+
(QGHUHoR
+
+
+

'DGR
+
+
+

$;
+
)LJ(QGHUHoDPHQWRLQGLUHWR029$;>%;@
2 HQGHUHoDPHQWR LQGLUHWR p PXLWR XWLOL]DGR SDUD WUDEDOKDU FRP WDEHODV 2
WUHFKR GH FyGLJR D VHJXLU SRU H[HPSOR YDUUH XPD WDEHOD GH 1 E\WHV FXMR
RIIVHWLQLFLDOp GDGR SHOR VtPEROR 7$%(/$ 2 ORRS GH YDUUHGXUD VH HQFHUUD
DVVLPTXHIRUHQFRQWUDGRXPHOHPHQWRGLIHUHQWHGH]HURRXTXDQGRRILQDOGD
WDEHODpDWLQJLGRVHPTXHDEXVFDWHQKDWLGRVXFHVVR
LOOP:
ACHEI:
LEA
MOV
CMP
JNZ
INC
DEC
JNZ
...
...
BX,TABELA
;
CX,N
;
BYTE PTR [BX],00H
ACHEI
BX
CX
LOOP
;
;
BX = offset inicial
CX = tamanho da tabela
busca terminou sem sucesso

busca terminou com sucesso
1RFDVRHPTXHDEXVFDWHUPLQDFRPVXFHVVR%;DSRQWDSDUDRSULPHLURE\WH
QmRQXORGDWDEHOD
(QGHUHoDPHQWRLQGH[DGR
$ LQVWUXomR HVSHFLILFD XPD FRQVWDQWH GHQRPLQDGD EDVH H XP UHJLVWUDGRU GH
tQGLFHFXMRFRQWH~GRpVRPDGRjEDVHSDUDIRUPDURHQGHUHoRGRRSHUDQGR
3RGHPVHUXWLOL]DGRVRVUHJLVWUDGRUHV%3%;6,H',
MOV AX,0100H[DI]
; compara AX com word em 100+DI,
TXHWDPEpPSRGHVHUHVFULWDFRPR
MOV AX,[0100H+DI]
; idem, outra notao.

',
+
',
(QGHUHoR
+
+
+
+

+
+

'DGR
+
+
+
+

))+
+

$;
))+
)LJ(QGHUHoDPHQWRLQGH[DGR029$;>+',@
2HQGHUHoDPHQWRLQGH[DGRSHUPLWHSHUFRUUHUXPDWDEHODXWLOL]DQGRXPRIIVHW
ORFDO LVWR p XP RIIVHW TXH YDOH SDUD R SULPHLUR E\WH GD WDEHOD SDUD R
VHJXQGR E\WH H DVVLP SRU GLDQWH e ~WLO SDUD DFHVVDU HOHPHQWRV GH WDEHODV
TXDQGR D SRVLomR LQLFLDO GD WDEHOD D EDVH p FRQKHFLGD HP WHPSR GH
PRQWDJHPPDVRRIIVHWGRHOHPHQWRDDFHVVDUYDULDHPWHPSRGHH[HFXomR2
H[HPSORGDVHomRSRGHVHUUHHVFULWRGDVHJXLQWHIRUPD
LOOP:
ACHEI:
MOV
CMP
JNZ
INC
CMP
JNZ
...
...
BX,0000H
; BX = offset local inicial
BYTE PTR [TABELA + BX],00H
ACHEI
BX
BX,N
LOOP
; busca terminou sem sucesso
; busca terminou com sucesso
1RFDVRHPTXHDEXVFDWHUPLQDFRP VXFHVVR %; FRQWpP R RIIVHW ORFDO GR

SULPHLURE\WHQmRQXORGDWDEHOD
(QGHUHoDPHQWREDVHDGR
(VWHPRGRWDPEpPXWLOL]DXPDEDVHHXPGHVORFDPHQWRPDVDRFRQWUiULRGR
TXHDFRQWHFHQRHQGHUHoDPHQWRLQGH[DGRDTXLDEDVHpYDULiYHOHRtQGLFHp
FRQVWDQWH 3RU LVVR D LQVWUXomR HVSHFLILFD XP UHJLVWUDGRU GH EDVH H XPD
FRQVWDQWHTXHVHUYHFRPRGHVORFDPHQWRHPUHODomRDHVVDEDVH2HQGHUHoR
GRRSHUDQGRpGDGRSHODVRPDGDEDVHFRPDFRQVWDQWH3RGHPVHUXWLOL]DGRV
FRPREDVHRVUHJLVWUDGRUHV%3%;6,H',HPERUDQRUPDOPHQWHVHXWLOL]HP
%;H%3$ILJXUDLOXVWUDRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGDLQVWUXomR
MOV [BX+0005H],CX
; copia CX para o offset BX+5
2PLFURSURFHVVDGRU
%;
+
BX+5
(QGHUHoR
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

'DGR
+
+
+
+

+
+

&;
+
)LJ(QGHUHoDPHQWREDVHDGR029>%;+@&;
2HQGHUHoDPHQWREDVHDGRp~WLOSDUDDFHVVDUHOHPHQWRVGHWDEHODVFXMRRIIVHW
ORFDOpFRQKHFLGRHPWHPSRGHPRQWDJHPHQTXDQWRDSRVLomRLQLFLDOGDWDEHOD
YDULDHPWHPSRGHH[HFXomR
$ WtWXOR GH H[HPSOR SRGHVH LPDJLQDU XP SURJUDPD HP TXH H[LVWDP YiULDV
WDEHODV GH PHVPD HVWUXWXUD FRQWHQGR GDGRV FRPR R QRPH H D LGDGH GRV
DOXQRVGHXPDVDODGHDXODHTXHDLGDGHGHFDGDXPVHHQFRQWUHVHPSUHQR
RIIVHW GD WDEHOD TXH OKH FRUUHVSRQGH $V WDEHODV WrP WRGDV R PHVPR
WDPDQKRGDGRSHODFRQVWDQWH6,=(HILFDPGLVSRVWDVXPDDSyVDRXWUDVHP
HOHPHQWRVHVWUDQKRVHQWUHHODV2SURJUDPDSRGHULDHQWmRGHWHUPLQDUTXHPp
RDOXQRPDLVYHOKRYDUUHQGRRFRQMXQWRGHWDEHODV3DUDLVWRFRORFDULDHP%;
RRIIVHWLQLFLDOGHFDGDXPDHOHULDGH%;DLGDGHGHFDGDXP
LOOP:
OK:
LEA BX,ALUNOS
MOV DI,BX
MOV AL,00H
MOV CX,N
CMP AL,[BX+5]
JB OK
MOV AL,[BX+5]
MOV DI,BX
ADD BX,SIZE
DEC CX
JNZ LOOP
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
offset da primeira tabela

inicializa aluno mais velho
valor inicial da idade
nmero de alunos
compara maior idade encontrada
at agora com o valor em [BX+5]
AL contm a idade mais alta
DI aponta para o aluno mais velho
BX -> tabela seguinte
$R ILQDO GR ORRS ', DSRQWD SDUD R DOXQR PDLV YHOKR GD FODVVH RX SDUD
SULPHLURDOXQRGDOLVWDTXHWHPDLGDGHPDLVDOWDFDVRKDMDPDLVDOXQRVFRPD
PHVPDLGDGH
2HQGHUHoDPHQWREDVHDGRGiDLQGDVXSRUWHDDOJXPDVDSOLFDo}HVLPSRUWDQWHV
GDSLOKDHVWXGDGDVQRFDStWXOR

(QGHUHoDPHQWREDVHDGRLQGH[DGR
(VWH PRGR p XPD FRPELQDomR GRV GRLV DQWHULRUHV $ LQVWUXomR HVSHFLILFD
UHJLVWUDGRUHV WDQWR SDUD D EDVH TXDQWR SDUD R tQGLFH R HQGHUHoR HIHWLYR GR
RSHUDQGRpIRUPDGRSHODVRPDGHDPERVHVHRSURJUDPDGRUGHVHMDUGHPDLV
XPDFRQVWDQWHRSFLRQDO2VUHJLVWUDGRUHVGHEDVHSRGHPVHU%3RX%;HRV
UHJLVWUDGRUHVGHtQGLFHSRGHPVHU6,RX',
MOV AX,[BX+SI]
%;
6,
+ +
BX+SI
; AX recebe word em BX + SI
(QGHUHoR
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

'DGR
+
+
+
+

+
+

$;
+
)LJ(QGHUHoDPHQWREDVHDGRLQGH[DGR029$;>%;6,@
2XVRGDFRQVWDQWHRSFLRQDOpLOXVWUDGRSHODLQVWUXomR
CMP CL,[100H+BX+DI]
; seta flags de acordo com o

; resultado subtrao CL-byte
2PRGREDVHDGRLQGH[DGRpXWLOL]DGRSDUDDFHVVDUWDEHODVRQGHWDQWRDEDVH
TXDQWR R tQGLFH YDULDP HP WHPSR GH H[HFXomR 8P H[HPSOR GH DSOLFDomR
SRGH VHU HQFRQWUDGR QR FDStWXOR TXH R HPSUHJD SDUD WUDEDOKDU FRP
HVWUXWXUDVPDWULFLDLV
(QGHUHoDPHQWRUHODWLYR
(VWHPRGRGHHQGHUHoDPHQWRpXWLOL]DGRQDVLQVWUXo}HV-03H&$//GRVWLSRV
QHDUHVKRUWHHPWRGRVRVGHVYLRVFRQGLFLRQDLV3DUDIDFLOLWDUDFRPSUHHQVmR
GHVWHPRGRpLQWHUHVVDQWHOHPEUDUSULPHLURFRPRVHGiDFRGLILFDomRGHXPD
LQVWUXomR GH GHVYLR QR FDVR GR PLFURSURFHVVDGRU 3RU H[HPSOR
FRQVLGHUH D LQVWUXomR -& + FRGLILFDGD QR HQGHUHoR + GH XP
SURJUDPD
2010H DA 15 20
JC 2015H
2PLFURSURFHVVDGRU

$TXL '$+ p R RSFRGH GD LQVWUXomR -& H R HQGHUHoR GH GHVWLQR + p
GHWHUPLQDGR SHOR SURFHVVDGRU DWUDYpV GD OHLWXUD GRV GRLV E\WHV VHJXLQWHV GD
LQVWUXomR &RPR D LQVWUXomR FRQWpP XP HQGHUHoR HVWH p XP FDVR GH
HQGHUHoDPHQWRDEVROXWR
1R FDVR GR SRUpP D FRGLILFDomR p EHP GLIHUHQWH FRQIRUPH LOXVWUD R
WUHFKR GH FyGLJR DEDL[R TXH VXEWUDL '; GH $; H OLPLWD R UHVXOWDGR D ]HUR
FDVRQmRVHMDSRVLWLYR
1CD7:0100
1CD7:0102
1CD7:0104
1CD7:0107
29 D0
73 03
B8 00 00
...
SUB AX,DX
JNC 0107
MOV AX,0000
1RWHDJRUDDFRGLILFDomRGDLQVWUXomR-1&RRSFRGH+pVHJXLGRDSHQDV
GRQ~PHUR+HRRIIVHWGHGHVWLQR+QmRDSDUHFHQDFRGLILFDomR(P
YH] GLVVR R VHJXQGR E\WH GD LQVWUXomR p XWLOL]DGR SHOR SURFHVVDGRU SDUD
GHWHUPLQDURHQGHUHoRGHGHVWLQR$H[HFXomRGDLQVWUXomR-1=FRQVLVWHHP
VRPDU R YDORU + DR FRQWH~GR GR UHJLVWUDGRU ,3 1R LQVWDQWH HP TXH D
LQVWUXomR p SURSULDPHQWH H[HFXWDGD ,3 Mi IRL DWXDOL]DGR SDUD DSRQWDU SDUD D
LQVWUXomRVHJXLQWHGHPRGRTXHDFRQWDTXHRSURFHVVDGRUID]p
2IIVHWGHGHVWLQR RIIVHWGDLQVWUXomRVHJXLQWHGHVORFDPHQWR
2IIVHWGHGHVWLQR ++ +
$VVHJXLQWHVREVHUYDo}HVVmRLPSRUWDQWHVRH[HPSORLOXVWUDXPDLQVWUXomRGH
GHVYLR GR WLSR VKRUW TXH XWLOL]D DSHQDV XP E\WH SDUD LQGLFDU R HQGHUHoR GH
GHVWLQR,VWRVLJQLILFDTXHRRIIVHWGHGHVWLQRWHPTXHHVWDUQRPi[LPR
E\WHVDQWHVRXE\WHVGHSRLVGRRIIVHWGDLQVWUXomRVHJXLQWHSRUTXHHVVHV
VmR UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH R PHQRU H R PDLRU Q~PHUR FRP VLQDO TXH SRGHP VHU
UHSUHVHQWDGRV FRP E\WH 6H R HQGHUHoR GH GHVWLQR FDLU IRUD GHVWD IDL[D R
DVVHPEOHUHVFROKHUiRPRGRQHDUTXHXVDGHVORFDPHQWRVGHELWVHSHUPLWH
FRPLVVRDWLQJLUTXDOTXHUSRQWRGHQWURGRVHJPHQWR1RHQWDQWRDSHQDVRV
GHVYLRVLQFRQGLFLRQDLVSRGHPVHUGRWLSRQHDUHSRULVVRSRGHVHUQHFHVViULR
FRPELQDUXPGHVYLRFRQGLFLRQDOFRPXPGHVYLRLQFRQGLFLRQDOFDVRRGHVWLQR
ILTXHIRUDGDIDL[DDOFDQoiYHOSHORVGHVYLRVGRWLSRVKRUW
$OpP GLVVR FRQYpP VDEHU TXH QR FDVR GRV GHVYLRV GR WLSR VKRUW R
SURFHVVDGRU WUDQVIRUPD DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH R Q~PHUR D VHU VRPDGR DR
UHJLVWUDGRU,3HPXPQ~PHURGHELWVGHDFRUGRFRPRVHXVLQDO1~PHURV
SRVLWLYRV VmR HVWHQGLGRV DQWHSRQGRVH ]HURV YLUD H Q~PHURV
QHJDWLYRVVmRHVWHQGLGRVDQWHSRQGRVHV)+YLUD)))+,VWRSHUPLWHTXH
RSURFHVVDGRUVRPHVHPSUHRYDORUFRUUHWRD,3SDUDHQFRQWUDURHQGHUHoRGH
GHVWLQR

(PTXDOTXHUFDVRRYDORUFRQWLGRQDLQVWUXomRQmRpRHQGHUHoRGHGHVWLQR
PDVVLPDGLIHUHQoDHPE\WHVHQWUHRYDORUDWXDOGRUHJLVWUDGRU,3HRYDORU
TXH HVWH GHYHUi DVVXPLU SDUD UHDOL]DU R GHVYLR 'HVWD IRUPD R HQGHUHoR GH
GHVWLQR QmR p PDLV DEVROXWR PDV VLP GDGR HP UHODomR D ,3 H SRU LVVR VH
FKDPDHQGHUHoRUHODWLYR
$ JUDQGH YDQWDJHP GR HQGHUHoDPHQWR UHODWLYR DSDUHFH TXDQGR WUHFKRV GH
FyGLJR FRPR RV PRVWUDGRV QRV H[HPSORV SUHFLVDP VHU PXGDGRV GH OXJDU QD
PHPyULD GXUDQWH D H[HFXomR GR SURJUDPD WDUHID TXH ID] SDUWH GR
JHUHQFLDPHQWRGHPHPyULDGRVVLVWHPDVRSHUDFLRQDLVPDLVVRILVWLFDGRV
6HIRVVHQHFHVViULRPRYHURSURJUDPDGDGRFRPRH[HPSORSDUDRSDUD
XP HQGHUHoR + E\WHV DGLDQWH D LQVWUXomR -&+ WHULD TXH VHU
UHFRGLILFDGD SDUD -&+ YDOHQGR R PHVPR SDUD WRGDV DV LQVWUXo}HV GH
GHVYLR SUHVHQWHV QR SURJUDPD 1R FDVR GR D XWLOL]DomR GR
HQGHUHoDPHQWRUHODWLYRSHUPLWHTXHRFyGLJRSRVVDVHUPRYLGRVHPTXDOTXHU
DOWHUDomRSRLVDGLIHUHQoDHQWUHRGHVWLQRHDRULJHPGRGHVYLRQmRVHDOWHUD
TXDQGRVHPXGDRSURJUDPDGHOXJDU
'HWHUPLQDomRGRVHJPHQWRXWLOL]DGR
'LYHUVRVPRGRVGHHQGHUHoDPHQWRHVWXGDGRVQDVVHo}HVDQWHULRUHVHQYROYHP
R XVR GH HQGHUHoRV GH ELWV SDUD ORFDOL]DU XP RSHUDQGR (P WRGRV HVVHV
FDVRV R HQGHUHoR HP TXHVWmR p R RIIVHW GD SRVLomR GH PHPyULD RQGH R
RSHUDQGR VH HQFRQWUD PDV p FODUR TXH D ORFDOL]DomR GHILQLWLYD GH TXDOTXHU
SRVLomRVySRGHVHUIHLWDVHIRUHVSHFLILFDGRGHDOJXPDIRUPDRUHJLVWUDGRUGH
VHJPHQWRTXHGHYHVHUXWLOL]DGRHPFRQMXQWRFRPHVVHRIIVHW
1D PDLRULD GRV FDVRV D HVSHFLILFDomR GR UHJLVWUDGRU GH VHJPHQWR p IHLWD GH
IRUPDLPSOtFLWDSRLVSDUDFDGDLQVWUXomRH[LVWHXPUHJLVWUDGRUGHIDXOW$WDEHOD
DSUHVHQWDHVVHVUHJLVWUDGRUHVGHDFRUGRFRPRWLSRGHRSHUDomRUHDOL]DGD
EHP FRPR DV DOWHUQDWLYDV SRVVtYHLV TXDQGR VH GHVHMD PXGDU HVVH GHIDXOW
DSDUHFHPDLQGDRVUHJLVWUDGRUHVTXHSRGHPVHUXWLOL]DGRVFRPRRIIVHWV
2PLFURSURFHVVDGRU
2SHUDomR
%XVFDGHLQVWUXo}HV
$FHVVRjSLOKD
0RYLPHQWDomRGHGDGRV
H[FHWRFRP%3
0RYLPHQWDomRGHGDGRV
FRP%3HQGEDVHDGR
2ULJHPGHGDGRVQD
'HVWLQRGHGDGRVQD

'HIDXOW
&6
66
$OWHUQDWLYDV
1HQKXPD
1HQKXPD
2IIVHW
,3
63
5HJGHXVRJHUDO
HQGHUHoRDEVROXWR
%3RX%3
FRQVWDQWH
'6
&6(666
66
&6(6'6
'6
&6(666
6,
(6
1HQKXPD
',
7DE6HJPHQWRVGHIDXOWHDOWHUQDWLYDV
5HVWD DLQGD H[SOLFDU FRPR VH HVSHFLILFD XP VHJPHQWR DOWHUQDWLYR TXDQGR VH
GHVHMDPXGDURGHIDXOW(VWDPXGDQoDpIHLWDPHGLDQWHXWLOL]DomRGRFKDPDGR
VHJPHQWRYHUULGHSUHIL[RXSUHIL[RGHPRGLILFDomRGHVHJPHQWRQDLQVWUXomRHP
TXHVWmR (VWH SUHIL[R p FRQVWLWXtGR GR QRPH GR VHJPHQWR VHJXLGR SRU XP
VLQDOGH3RUH[HPSORDLQVWUXomR
MOV AX,ES:BX
FRSLDSDUD$;RZRUGFXMRRIIVHWHVWiHP%;PDVGHGHQWURGRVHJPHQWR(6
HQmRPDLVGRVHJPHQWR'6TXHVHULDXWLOL]DGRQDDXVrQFLDGRSUHIL[R(6
(P DOJXQV FDVRV R XVR GRV SUHIL[RV GH PRGLILFDomR GH VHJPHQWR SRGH VHU
DXWRPDWL]DGRFRPDGLUHWLYD$6680(FRQIRUPHH[SOLFDRDQH[R

3DUkPHWURVHYDULiYHLVORFDLV
,QWURGXomR
&RPR YLPRV HP FDStWXORV DQWHULRUHV D SLOKD WHP XP SDSHO LPSRUWDQWH QR
PHFDQLVPR GH FKDPDGD GH VXEURWLQDV H GH WUDWDGRUHV GH LQWHUUXSomR DVVLP
FRPRQRDUPD]HQDPHQWRWHPSRUiULRGHYDORUHVFRQWLGRVQRVUHJLVWUDGRUHVGR
SURFHVVDGRU
(VWH FDStWXOR WUDWD GH PDLV GRLV XVRV LPSRUWDQWHV GD SLOKD D SDVVDJHP GH
SDUkPHWURVSDUDVXEURWLQDVHDFULDomRGHYDULiYHLVORFDLV
3DVVDJHPGHSDUkPHWURVSDUDVXEURWLQDV
eFRPXPTXHXPDVXEURWLQDDFHLWHXPRXPDLVSDUkPHWURVRVTXDLVXWLOL]D
SDUD UHDOL]DU VHX SURFHVVDPHQWR 3RU H[HPSOR XPD VXEURWLQD FDSD] GH
FRPSDUDUGXDVVWULQJVSUHFLVDVDEHURQGHVHHQFRQWUDPHVWDVVWULQJVSDUDID]HU
D FRPSDUDomR H XPD VXEURWLQD TXH FDOFXOH XPD IXQomR I[ SUHFLVD VHU
LQIRUPDGD GR YDORU GH [ SDUD SRGHU ID]HU R FiOFXOR 2V YDORUHV QHFHVVLWDGRV
SHODVVXEURWLQDVGHYHPVHUIRUQHFLGRVSHODSDUWHGRSURJUDPDTXHDVFKDPD
RSHUDomRHVWDFRQKHFLGDFRPRSDVVDJHPGHSDUkPHWURV
$SDVVDJHPGHSDUkPHWURVSRGHVHUIHLWDGHGLYHUVDVIRUPDV6mRDSUHVHQWDGDV
D VHJXLU WUrV IRUPDV GH SDVVDJHP GH SDUkPHWURV DV GXDV SULPHLUDV VHUYLQGR
SULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUDFRPSDUDomRFRPDWHUFHLUDTXHpRSULQFLSDOREMHWRGHVWH
HVWXGR
3DVVDJHPDWUDYpVGHUHJLVWUDGRUHV
$IRUPDPDLVVLPSOHVpDSDVVDJHPGHSDUkPHWURVDWUDYpVGHUHJLVWUDGRUHV1HVWHFDVR
RVYDORUHVGRVSDUkPHWURVVmRFRORFDGRVSHORSURJUDPDFKDPDGRUHPDOJXQV
GRVUHJLVWUDGRUHVGRSURFHVVDGRUGHDFRUGRFRPXPDFRQYHQomRHVWDEHOHFLGD

SHOR SURJUDPDGRU GD VXEURWLQD 3RU H[HPSOR XPD VXEURWLQD TXH LPSULPD
XPDPHQVDJHPQDWHODSRGHFRQVLGHUDUTXHRUHJLVWUDGRU';FRQWpPRRIIVHW
GHVWD PHQVDJHP QR VHJPHQWR GH GDGRV DWXDO &DEH HQWmR DR SURJUDPD
FKDPDGRU FRORFDU HVWH RIIVHW QR UHJLVWUDGRU '; DQWHV GH HIHWXDU D FKDPDGD
SDUDDVXEURWLQD$OLVWDJHPDVHJXLULOXVWUDRHPSUHJRGHVWHPHFDQLVPR
CODIGO
SEGMENT
...
INICIO: MOV AX,DADOS
MOV DS,AX
LEA DX,MSG1
CALL SHOW
LEA DX,MSG2
CALL SHOW
...
SHOW
PROC NEAR
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
RET
SHOW
ENDP
CODIGO
ENDS
DADOS
MSG1
MSG2
DADOS
; DX CONTM OFFSET DE MSG1

; DX CONTM OFFSET DE MSG2
; APRESENTA MSG DE OFFSET DS:DX
; WRITE STRING
SEGMENT
DB MENSAGEM 1$
DB MENSAGEM 2$
ENDS
3DVVDJHPDWUDYpVGHYDULiYHLVJOREDLV
(VWH PHFDQLVPR p VHPHOKDQWH DR GD SDVVDJHP DWUDYpV GH UHJLVWUDGRUHV $
GLIHUHQoD HVWi DSHQDV QR IDWR GH VH XWLOL]DUHP YDULiYHLV DR LQYpV GH
UHJLVWUDGRUHVGRSURFHVVDGRUSDUDSDVVDURVSDUkPHWURV2SURJUDPDFKDPDGRU
GHYH FRORFDU RV SDUkPHWURV QHVWDV YDULiYHLV DQWHV GD FKDPDGD GD VXEURWLQD
TXHLUiEXVFiORVSDUDHIHWXDUVHXSURFHVVDPHQWR$OLVWDJHPVHJXLQWHPRVWUD
FRPR ILFDULD R SURJUDPD GR H[HPSOR DQWHULRU XWLOL]DQGR D YDULiYHO JOREDO
6B375VWULQJSRLQWHUGHILQLGDQRVHJPHQWRGHGDGRV
CODIGO
SEGMENT
...
MOV DS,AX
LEA S_PTR,MSG1
CALL SHOW
LEA S_PTR,MSG2
CALL SHOW
...
; ENDEREO DA MSG1 EM S_PTR

; ENDEREO DA MSG2 EM S_PTR
SHOW
SHOW
CODIGO
PROC NEAR
MOV AH,09H
MOV DX,S_PTR
INT 21H
RET
ENDP
ENDS
DADOS
MSG1
MSG2
S_PTR
DADOS
SEGMENT
DB MENSAGEM 1$
DB MENSAGEM 2$
DW ?
ENDS

; APRESENTA MSG EM S_PTR

; WRITE STRING
; DX APONTA P/ MSG A APRESENTAR
3DVVDJHPDWUDYpVGDSLOKD
(VWH PHFDQLVPR FRQVLVWH HP FRORFDU RV SDUkPHWURV D VHUHP SDVVDGRV SDUD D
VXEURWLQDQDSLOKDDQWHVGDFKDPDGD$VXEURWLQDEXVFDHQWmRRVSDUkPHWURV
QDSLOKDSDUDUHDOL]DUVHXSURFHVVDPHQWR
(PERUD R SULQFtSLR GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR VHMD VLPSOHV Ki DOJXQV IDWRUHV D
FRQVLGHUDUTXHVHLJQRUDGRVSRGHPOHYDURSURJUDPDDVHSHUGHU6mRHOHV
XPD YH] SURQWD D VXEURWLQD D RUGHP HP TXH RV SDUkPHWURV GHYHP VHU
SDVVDGRVILFDIL[DHGHYHVHUUHVSHLWDGDSHORSURJUDPDGRUTXHDFKDPD
SDUDHQFRQWUDURVSDUkPHWURVQDSLOKDDVXEURWLQDSUHFLVDOHYDUHPFRQWD
TXH DOpP GHVWHV D SLOKD FRQWHUi WDPEpP R HQGHUHoR GH UHWRUQR GD
VXEURWLQD
RSURJUDPDFKDPDGRUTXHFRORFRXRVSDUkPHWURV QD SLOKD p UHVSRQViYHO
WDPEpPSRUUHPRYrORVGHOiDSyVDFKDPDGD
(QTXDQWR D SULPHLUD FRQVLGHUDomR GLVSHQVD H[SOLFDo}HV DGLFLRQDLV DV RXWUDV
GXDV PHUHFHP PDLRU DWHQomR $ ILJXUD LOXVWUD R HVWDGR GD SLOKD GH XP
SURJUDPDKLSRWpWLFRDSyVDFKDPDGDGHXPDVXEURWLQD QHDUTXHUHFHEHGRLV
SDUkPHWURVDWUDYpVGDSLOKD
$QWLJRWRSRGDSLOKD
3DUkPHWUR
3DUkPHWUR
63 2IIVHWGRHQGGHUHWRUQR
&UHVFLPHQWRGDSLOKD
)LJ$SLOKDFRPGRLVSDUkPHWURV
(VWDILJXUDLQGLFDTXHDVXEURWLQDWHPTXHVHEDVHDUQRYDORUGH63SDUDWHU
DFHVVRDRVYDORUHVGRVSDUkPHWURVUHFHELGRV2EVHUYDQGRVHDILJXUDSRGHVH

FRQFOXLUTXHLPHGLDWDPHQWHDSyVDFKDPDGDGDVXEURWLQDR~OWLPRSDUkPHWUR
SDVVDGRHVWDUiQRHQGHUHoR63RSHQ~OWLPRHP63HDVVLPSRUGLDQWH
1R HQWDQWR D XWLOL]DomR GR UHJLVWUDGRU 63 SDUD HQGHUHoDU RV SDUkPHWURV p
H[WUHPDPHQWHLQFRQYHQLHQWHXPDYH]TXHDSUySULDVXEURWLQDID]HPJHUDO
XVRGDSLOKD&RPLVVRRYDORUGH63YDULDULDGXUDQWHDH[HFXomRGDVXEURWLQD
R TXH VLJQLILFD SRU H[HPSOR TXH R ~OWLPR SDUkPHWUR SUHFLVDULD VHU
UHIHUHQFLDGR FRPR 63Q RQGH Q p R Q~PHUR GH ZRUGV FRORFDGRV QD
SLOKDSHODVXEURWLQDHDLQGDQmRUHWLUDGRV
eSRVVtYHOHYLWDUHVWHWUDQVWRUQRDWUDYpVGDFULDomRGHXPSRQWHLURIL[RSDUDD
UHJLmR GD SLOKD TXH FRQWpP RV SDUkPHWURV H TXH p HQWmR XWLOL]DGR SHOD VXE
URWLQD SDUD HQGHUHoiORV 2 UHJLVWUDGRU %3 GR PLFURSURFHVVDGRU IRL
FRQFHELGRFRPHVWDILQDOLGDGHHpXWLOL]DGRGDVHJXLQWHIRUPD
DVXEURWLQDLQLFLDVDOYDQGRRYDORUGH%3QDSLOKDSDUDSRGHUUHVWDXUiOR
DQWHVGHUHWRUQDU
FRSLDHQWmRRYDORUDWXDOGH63SDUD%3'HVWDIRUPD%3YLUDXPSRQWHLUR
IL[RSDUDDSRVLomRGDSLOKDTXHFRQWpPRYDORUGH%3TXDQGRGDHQWUDGD
QDVXEURWLQD
RHQGHUHoR%3FRQWpPRRIIVHWGRHQGHUHoRGHUHWRUQR
QRFDVRGHVXEURWLQDVGRWLSRIDURHQGHUHoR%3FRQWpPRVHJPHQWRGR
HQGHUHoRGHUHWRUQRQRFDVRGHVXEURWLQDVGRWLSRQHDUFRQWpPR~OWLPR
SDUkPHWURSDVVDGR
RVHQGHUHoRVVHJXLQWHV%3%3FRQWrPRVGHPDLVSDUkPHWURV
3DUD LPSOHPHQWDU HVWH PHFDQLVPR DV VXEURWLQDV LQLFLDP VHPSUH FRP D
VHTrQFLD
PUSH BP
MOV BP,SP
$ILJXUDPRVWUDDSLOKDSDUDVXEURWLQDVGRWLSRQHDUDSyVDH[HFXomRGHVWDV
LQVWUXo}HV$SDUWLUGHVWHSRQWRDVXEURWLQDPDQWpPRYDORUGH%3LQDOWHUDGR
HSDVVDDHQGHUHoDURVSDUkPHWURVHSRU%3H%3UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH$
SLOKDSRGHVHUXWLOL]DGDFRPRHPTXDOTXHURXWURSRQWRGRSURJUDPDSRLVDV
DOWHUDo}HVQRYDORUGH63QmRDIHWDPPDLVDIRUPDGHHQGHUHoDURVSDUkPHWURV
(PERUDVHMDSRVVtYHOLPDJLQDUGLYHUVDVIRUPDVGHXWLOL]DURUHJLVWUDGRU%3SDUDUHVROYHUR
SUREOHPDDIRUPDDSUHVHQWDGDVHGHVWDFDSRUVHUDDGRWDGDSHORVSULQFLSDLVFRPSLODGRUHVGD
OLQJXDJHP&FRPRRVGD%RUODQGHGD0LFURVRIW3RULVVRRFRQKHFLPHQWRGRPDWHULDO
H[SRVWRDTXLVHUi~WLOjTXHOHVTXHSUHFLVDUHPWUDEDOKDUFRPGHWDOKHVHP$VVHPEO\TXDQGR
HQYROYLGRVFRPSURJUDPDomRGHPDLVDOWRQtYHO
$QWLJRWRSRGDSLOKD
3DUkPHWUR
3DUkPHWUR
2IIVHWGRHQGGHUHWRUQR
63%3 $QWLJRYDORUGH%3

&UHVFLPHQWRGDSLOKD
)LJ$SLOKDDSyVRDUPD]HQDPHQWRGRYDORUGH%3
1RFDVRGDVVXEURWLQDVIDURVHQGHUHoRVGRVSDUkPHWURVVmR%3H%3
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWHSRUTXHRHQGHUHoRGHUHWRUQRpFRPSRVWRGHGXDVSDODYUDV
FRQIRUPHLOXVWUDDILJXUD
$QWLJRWRSRGDSLOKD
3DUkPHWUR
3DUkPHWUR
6HJPHQWRGRHQGGHUHWRUQR
63%3 $QWLJRYDORUGH%3
&UHVFLPHQWRGDSLOKD
)LJ$SLOKDHPXPDVXEURWLQD)$5
1RWH DLQGD TXH DV LQVWUXo}HV GH PRYLPHQWDomR GH GDGRV TXH XWLOL]DP R
UHJLVWUDGRU%3XVDPSRUGHIDXOWRUHJLVWUDGRUGHVHJPHQWR66GHPRGRTXH
LQVWUXo}HV FRPR 029 $;>%3@ QmR SUHFLVDP GH TXDOTXHU DOWHUDomR SDUD
EXVFDURGDGRGRVHJPHQWRFRUUHWR
2ILQDOGHXPDVXEURWLQDpWLSLFDPHQWH
POP BP
RET
&RQYpPOHPEUDUTXHH[LVWHPGRLVWLSRVGHLQVWUXo}HV
DPEDVXWLOL]DQGRR
PHVPR PQHP{QLFR $ SULPHLUD GHQRPLQDGD
ID] FRP TXH R
SURFHVVDGRUUHWLUHDSHQDVXPDSDODYUDGRWRSRGDSLOKDTXHFRQVLGHUDFRPRR
RIIVHWGRHQGHUHoRGHUHWRUQRHFRORFDQRUHJLVWUDGRU,3$VHJXQGD

ID] FRP TXH VHMDP UHFXSHUDGDV GXDV SDODYUDV TXH R SURFHVVDGRU FRQVLGHUD
FRPR RIIVHW H VHJPHQWR GR HQGHUHoR GH UHWRUQR QHVWD RUGHP H FRORFD QRV
UHJLVWUDGRUHV ,3 H &6 4XDOTXHU TXH VHMD R FDVR VH D URWLQD IRL FKDPDGD
FRUUHWDPHQWHLVWRpGHDFRUGRFRPRWLSRGH
TXHGHWHUPLQDVHXWLSRQHDU
RXIDUDVLWXDomRGDSLOKDDSyVRWpUPLQRGDVXEURWLQDVHUiDGDILJXUD
5(7
5(7 1($5
5(7 )$5
5(7

$QWLJRWRSRGDSLOKD
3DUkPHWUR
63 3DUkPHWUR
&UHVFLPHQWRGDSLOKD
)LJ$SLOKDDSyVRUHWRUQRGDVXEURWLQD
2SUy[LPRSRQWRDWUDWDUpDUHPRomRGRVSDUkPHWURVGDSLOKDSHORSURJUDPD
FKDPDGRU 3DUD WDQWR R SURJUDPD FKDPDGRU SRGHULD FRORFDU LPHGLDWDPHQWH
DSyV D LQVWUXomR &$// GXDV QHVWH FDVR LQVWUXo}HV 323 SDUD XP UHJLVWUDGRU
TXDOTXHU R TXH HOLPLQDULD RV SDUkPHWURV (PERUD IXQFLRQH HVWH PpWRGR
JHUDOPHQWHQmRpXWLOL]DGRSHORVVHJXLQWHVPRWLYRV
SRGHQmRKDYHUQHQKXPUHJLVWUDGRUGLVSRQtYHOSDUDVHID]HURV323V
RPpWRGRpLQHILFLHQWHTXDQGRRQ~PHURGHSDUkPHWURVDHOLPLQDUpPXLWR
JUDQGH
(POXJDUGLVVRRTXHVHID]pVLPSOHVPHQWHDGLFLRQDURYDORUQDRUHJLVWUDGRU
63 RQGH Q p R Q~PHUR GH ZRUGV HPSLOKDGRV FRPR SDUkPHWURV DQWHV GD
FKDPDGD2FyGLJRFRPSOHWRGDFKDPDGDGHXPDVXEURWLQD68%TXHDFHLWH
GRLVSDUkPHWURVFRPRQRH[HPSORDFLPDILFDULDHQWmRDVVLP
MOV AX,PARAM1
PUSH AX
MOV AX,PARAM2
PUSH AX
CALL SUB
ADD SP,4
; REMOVE OS PARMETROS APS O USO
$QLQKDPHQWRGHVXEURWLQDVQHVWLQJ
e FRPXP TXH SURJUDPDV VHMDP HVWUXWXUDGRV GH IRUPD TXH XPD VXEURWLQD
FKDPH RXWUDV VXEURWLQDV $ DQiOLVH D VHJXLU PRVWUD TXH R PHFDQLVPR GH
SDVVDJHPGHSDUkPHWURVDWUDYpVGDSLOKDIXQFLRQDWDPEpPQHVWHVFDVRVJUDoDV
DRIDWRGHTXHRUHJLVWUDGRU%3pVHPSUHVDOYRQDSLOKDQRLQtFLRGHFDGDVXE
URWLQDHUHVWDXUDGRDQWHVGRUHWRUQR
6XSRQKD XP SURJUDPD SULQFLSDO TXH FKDPH XPD VXEURWLQD QHDU GH QRPH
68%SDVVDQGROKHGRLVSDUkPHWURV36H36
MOV AX,P1S1
PUSH AX
MOV AX,P2S1
PUSH AX
CALL SUB1
ADD SP,4
; PRIMEIRO PARMETRO NA PILHA

; SEGUNDO PARMETRO NA PILHA
; PARMETROS REMOVIDOS

6XSRQKD DLQGD TXH D VXEURWLQD 68% FKDPH XPD VHJXQGD VXEURWLQD IDU GH
QRPH68%TXHUHFHEHWUrVSDUkPHWURV3636H36
SUB1
SUB1
PROC NEAR
PUSH BP
MOV BP,SP
...
MOV AX,P1S2
PUSH AX
MOV AX,P2S2
PUSH AX
MOV AX,P3S2
PUSH AX
CALL SUB2
ADD SP,6
...
; ACESSO A P1S1 E P2S1

; PRIMEIRO PARMETRO NA PILHA
; SEGUNDO PARMETRO NA PILHA
; TERCEIRO PARMETRO NA PILHA
; PARMETROS REMOVIDOS
; ACESSO A P1S1 E P2S1
; CONTINUA FUNCIONANDO!
POP BP
RET
ENDP
'HSRLV GR UHWRUQR GD VXEURWLQD 68% D VXEURWLQD 68% SRGH YROWDU D
DFHVVDU RV SDUkPHWURV 36 HP >%3 @ H 36 HP >%3 @ ,VWR p
SRVVtYHO SRUTXH 68% HPERUD PRGLILTXH R YDORU GH %3 UHVWDXUD HVVH
UHJLVWUDGRUDQWHVGHUHWRUQDU
SUB2
SUB2
PROC FAR
PUSH BP
MOV BP,SP
...
POP BP
RET
ENDP
; ACESSO A P1S2, P2S2 e P3S2

; BP VOLTA AO VALOR NECESSRIO EM SUB1
$ VLWXDomR GD SLOKD LPHGLDWDPHQWH DQWHV GH D VXEURWLQD 68% FRPHoDU D

HPSLOKDURVSDUkPHWURVSDUDDFKDPDGDGH68%pDPHVPDGDILJXUD$
ILJXUDPRVWUDFRPRILFDDSLOKDGHQWURGDVXEURWLQD68%GHSRLVTXHHVWD
H[HFXWD DV GXDV SULPHLUDV LQVWUXo}HV SRVLFLRQDQGR %3 SDUD DFHVVDU VHXV
SDUkPHWURV
'HSRLVGDLQVWUXomR323%3QRILQDOGH68%%3YROWDDWHURYDORUTXHOKH
WLQKDVLGRDWULEXtGRHP68%'HVWDIRUPDDVXEURWLQD68%SRGHYROWDUD
DFHVVDUVHXVSDUkPHWURVGDPHVPDIRUPDFRPRYLQKDID]HQGRDQWHVGHFKDPDU
68% *HQHUDOL]DQGR HQTXDQWR KRXYHU HVSDoR QD SLOKD R PHFDQLVPR GH
SDVVDJHP GH SDUkPHWURV FRQWLQXD IXQFLRQDQGR LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH GR
Q~PHURGHVXEURWLQDVDQLQKDGDV

$QWLJRWRSRGDSLOKD
36
36
$QWLJRYDORUGH%3
36
36
36
6HJPHQWRGRHQGGHUHWRUQR
%3XWLOL]DGRHP6
63%3
&UHVFLPHQWRGDSLOKD
)LJ3DVVDJHPGHSDUkPHWURVHPVXEURWLQDVDQLQKDGDV
&RPSDUDomRHQWUHRVPpWRGRV
$SULQFLSDOYDQWDJHPGRPpWRGRGHSDVVDJHPSRUUHJLVWUDGRUHVpDYHORFLGDGH
XPDYH]QmRH[LJHDFHVVRjPHPyULDH[WHUQD1RHQWDQWRVRIUHGDVVHJXLQWHV
GHVYDQWDJHQV
QHP VHPSUH Ki UHJLVWUDGRUHV OLYUHV HP Q~PHUR VXILFLHQWH SDUD DFRPRGDU
WRGRVRVSDUkPHWURV
p GLItFLO HVWDEHOHFHU XPD FRQYHQomR VREUH HP TXH RUGHP RV UHJLVWUDGRUHV
GHYHPVHUXWLOL]DGRVjPHGLGDTXHDXPHQWDRQ~PHURGHSDUkPHWURV
HP FRQVHTrQFLD DXPHQWDP D FRPSOH[LGDGH GD GRFXPHQWDomR GD VXE
URWLQDHRULVFRGHVHFRPHWHUHPHUURVQDVXDFKDPDGD
$ SDVVDJHP SRU YDULiYHLV JOREDLV HOLPLQD D SULPHLUD GDV GHVYDQWDJHQV DFLPD
PDV SHUGH HP YHORFLGDGH $OpP GLVVR VRIUH GH SUREOHPDV VHPHOKDQWHV DRV
GRLV~OWLPRVSRLVpGLItFLOHVWDEHOHFHUXPDFRQYHQomRXQLYHUVDOSDUDDDORFDomR
HDRUGHPGHXWLOL]DomRGHYDULiYHLVFULDGDVHVSHFLDOPHQWHSDUDDSDVVDJHPGRV
SDUkPHWURV $GPLQLVWUDU RV QRPHV GHVVDV YDULiYHLV WDPEpP FULD GLILFXOGDGHV
)LQDOPHQWHDVYDULiYHLVJOREDLVILFDPRFXSDQGRHVSDoRRWHPSRWRGRPDVVy
VmRXWLOL]DGDVGHQWURGDVVXEURWLQDV
$ SDVVDJHP SHOD SLOKD HPERUD WDPEpP VHMD PDLV OHQWD SRU H[LJLU DFHVVR j
PHPyULDH[WHUQDpRPpWRGRSUHIHULGRGHYLGRjXQLIRUPLGDGHGHWUDWDPHQWR
TXHVHFRQVHJXHHWDPEpPSRUSHUPLWLUQDWXUDOPHQWHDFKDPDGDGHXPDVXE
URWLQDGHQWURGHRXWUDHQTXDQWRKRXYHUHVSDoRQDSLOKD

&ULDomRGHYDULiYHLVORFDLV
$VHJXQGDIRUPDGHXWLOL]DomRGDSLOKDDVHUGLVFXWLGDQHVWHFDStWXORpDFULDomR
GDVDVVLPFKDPDGDVYDULiYHLV ORFDLVRXYDULiYHLV DXWRPiWLFDV 6mR YDULiYHLV FULDGDV
SRU XPD VXEURWLQD HP WHPSR GH H[HFXomR SDUD DUPD]HQDU UHVXOWDGRV
WHPSRUiULRVHGHVWUXtGDVDQWHVGRUHWRUQR
&RPR H[HPSOR VXSRQKD TXH D VXEURWLQD 6KRZ XWLOL]DGD QRV H[HPSORV
DQWHULRUHVSDUDHVFUHYHUPHQVDJHQVQDWHODVHMDDOWHUDGDGHPRGRDLQFOXLUXPD
FRQWDJHP GR Q~PHUR GH FDUDFWHUHV HVFULWRV UHWRUQDQGR HVWH Q~PHUR SDUD R
SURJUDPD FKDPDGRU QR UHJLVWUDGRU $; 6XSRQKD DLQGD TXH VH GHVHMD ID]HU D
FRQWDJHP GR Q~PHUR GH FDUDFWHUHV VHP XWLOL]DU XP GRV UHJLVWUDGRUHV SDUD
DUPD]HQiOD PDV VLP XPD SRVLomR GH PHPyULD 8PD VROXomR SRVVtYHO VHULD
FULDU XPD YDULiYHO JOREDO DSHQDV SDUD HVWD ILQDOLGDGH (QWUHWDQWR HVWD QmR p
XPDVROXomRUD]RiYHOSRUTXHDYDULiYHOVyVHULD~WLOHQTXDQWRVHH[HFXWDVVHD
VXEURWLQDPDVRFXSDULDHVSDoRRWHPSRWRGR2XVRGHXPDYDULiYHOORFDOp
PDLVLQGLFDGRQHVWHFDVR
$ FULDomR GH YDULiYHLV ORFDLV FRQVLVWH HP DEULU XPD EUHFKD QD SLOKD
FRUUHVSRQGHQWH DR HVSDoR RFXSDGR SHODV YDULiYHLV TXH VH SUHWHQGH XWLOL]DU
3DUDWDQWRVXEWUDLVHGRYDORUGH63RQ~PHURGHE\WHVQHFHVViULRVORJRDSyV
DSUHSDUDomRGRUHJLVWUDGRU%3SDUDDSRQWDUSDUDRVSDUkPHWURVSDVVDGRV3RU
H[HPSORSDUDFULDUHVSDoRSDUDXPD~QLFDYDULiYHOGRWLSRZRUGRFyGLJRGD
VXEURWLQDp
PUSH BP
MOV BP,SP
SUB SP,2
; Abre espao para um word
2 DVSHFWR GD SLOKD DSyV D H[HFXomR GHVWD VHTrQFLD SRU XPD VXEURWLQD QHDU
TXHUHFHEHGRLVSDUkPHWURVpRDSUHVHQWDGRQDILJXUD
$QWLJRWRSRGDSLOKD
3DUkPHWUR
3DUkPHWUR
%3 $QWLJRYDORUGH%3
63 (VSDoRSDUDYDULiYHOORFDO
&UHVFLPHQWRGDSLOKD
)LJ&ULDomRGHXPDYDULDYHOORFDO
$SyV LVVR D SLOKD SRGH VHU XWLOL]DGD QRUPDOPHQWH ILFDQGR R HVSDoR FULDGR
GLVSRQtYHOSDUDDUPD]HQDUYDORUHVWHPSRUiULRVeLPSRUWDQWHQRWDUTXH

DYDULiYHOORFDOVHULDHQGHUHoDGDSRU%36HIRVVHPFULDGDVPDLVYDULiYHLV
VHXVHQGHUHoRVVHULDP%3%3HDVVLPSRUGLDQWH
HVWHVHQGHUHoRVVmRRVPHVPRVSDUDVXEURWLQDVQHDUHIDU
DV YDULiYHLV ORFDLV WrP VHPSUH GHVORFDPHQWRV QHJDWLYRV HP UHODomR D %3
HQTXDQWRRVSDUkPHWURVWrPVHPSUHGHVORFDPHQWRVSRVLWLYRV
QR ILQDO GD VXEURWLQD D EUHFKD DEHUWD QD SLOKD SUHFLVD VHU IHFKDGD DQWHV
TXHVHSRVVDUHFXSHUDURYDORUGH%3VDOYRQDHQWUDGD3DUDWDQWRVRPDVH
QRYDPHQWH D 63 R YDORU VXEWUDtGR QD FULDomR GDV YDULiYHLV 2 ILQDO GD
VXEURWLQDILFDULDDVVLP
ADD SP,2
POP BP
RET
$ OLVWDJHP D VHJXLU PRVWUD XP SURJUDPD FRP XPD VXEURWLQD FKDPDGD

6+2:TXHXWLOL]DXPDYDULiYHOORFDO5HFHEHGRLVSDUkPHWURVHQGHUHoRVGH
GXDVVWULQJVDHVFUHYHUQDWHODFRQWDRQ~PHURGHFDUDFWHUHVHVFULWRVHUHWRUQD
HVWH YDORU HP $; 2 YDORU UHWRUQDGR p HQWmR FRQYHUWLGR SDUD R VLVWHPD
GHFLPDOHDSUHVHQWDGRQDWHOD
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;VarLoc.asm - Variaveis locais
;Prof. Roberto M. Ziller - 04.01.2000
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
PILHA
SEGMENT STACK
DW 40H DUP(?)
PILHA
ENDS
DADOS
MSG1
MSG2
MSG3
MSG4
N
DADOS
CODE
SEGMENT
DB 'ESTE PROGRAMA JUNTA DUAS MENASGENS $'
DB 'EM UMA UNICA.$'
DB 0DH,0AH,'A LINHA ACIMA TEM $'
DB ' CARACTERES.$'
DB 00H,00H,'$'
ENDS
SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:DADOS, SS:PILHA
MOV DS,AX
MOV AX,OFFSET MSG1 ; ENDERECO DA MSG1
PUSH AX
MOV AX,OFFSET MSG2 ; ENDERECO DA MSG2
PUSH AX
CALL SHOW
ADD SP,4
; ELIMINA PARAMETROS DA PILHA
MOV BL,10
;
DIV BL
; CONVERTE AX PARA DECIMAL
OR AH,30H
; ASCII
MOV N+1,AH
OR AL,30H
MOV N,AL
MOV AH,09H
LEA DX,MSG3
INT 21H
MOV AH,09H
LEA DX,N
INT 21H
MOV AH,09H
LEA DX,MSG4
INT 21H
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
SHOW
LOOP1:
OK1:
LOOP2:
OK2:
SHOW
CODE
;
;
;
;
;
;
UNIDADE
ASCII
DEZENA
ESCREVE MSG3
; ESCREVE VALOR DE N
; ESCREVE MSG4
; TERMINA PROGRAMA
PROC NEAR
PUSH BP
MOV BP,SP
SUB SP,2
; VAR DE CONTAGEM TEMPORARIA
MOV WORD PTR [BP-2],00H
MOV BX,[BP+6]
; PRIMEIRA STRING
CMP BYTE PTR [BX],'$'
JZ OK1
INC WORD PTR [BP-2] ; CONTANDO CARACTERES DA MSG1
INC BX
JMP LOOP1
MOV AH,09H
MOV DX,[BP+6]
INT 21H
; ESCREVE MSG1
MOV BX,[BP+4]
; SEGUNDA STRING
CMP BYTE PTR [BX],'$'
JZ OK2
INC WORD PTR [BP-2] ; CONTANDO CARACTERES DA MSG2
INC BX
JMP LOOP2
MOV AH,09H
MOV DX,[BP+4]
INT 21H
; ESCREVE MSG2
MOV AX,[BP-2]
; VALOR A RETORNAR
ADD SP,2
; DESTROI VARIAVEL LOCAL
POP BP
RET
ENDP
ENDS
END INICIO

9DULiYHLVORFDLVFRPLQLFLDOL]DomR
8PD IRUPD DOWHUQDWLYD GH FULDU YDULiYHLV ORFDLV FRP LQLFLDOL]DomR XWLOL]D D
LQVWUXomR386+TXHFRORFDRYDORUFRUUHWRQDSLOKD&RPRHVWDLQVWUXomRQmR
WUDEDOKD FRP HQGHUHoDPHQWR LPHGLDWR QR VmR QHFHVViULRV GRLV SDVVRV
SDUDFULDUDYDULiYHO
MOV AX,0000H
PUSH AX
; CRIA VARIVEL LOCAL

; INICIALIZADA COM 0000H
,QWHUUXSo}HVGR
,QWHUUXSo}HV
$V UD]}HV SDUD D H[LVWrQFLD GH XP PHFDQLVPR TXH SHUPLWD LQWHUURPSHU R
SURFHVVDPHQWR QRUPDO GH XP SURJUDPD H[SRVWDV QR FDStWXOR DSOLFDPVH
WDPEpPQRFDVRGR3RULVVRRWH[WRDVVXPHTXHROHLWRUHVWHMDDSDUGD
LPSRUWkQFLDHGDXWLOLGDGHGHVVHPHFDQLVPRHSDVVDGLUHWDPHQWHj H[SOLFDomR
GRVGHWDOKHVGHVXDLPSOHPHQWDomRSDUDHVWHSURFHVVDGRU
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVJHUDLV
2SRGHWUDWDUDWpLQWHUUXSo}HVGLIHUHQWHVQXPHUDGDVGHD))+
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SRVVtYHLVQRpFRPSUHHQVtYHOTXHKDMDGLIHUHQoDVQDLPSOHPHQWDomRGR
PHFDQLVPRGH LQWHUUXSomR GR (VWDV GLIHUHQoDV DSDUHFHP QRV VHJXLQWHV
SRQWRV
QRVHQGHUHoRVRQGHVHORFDOL]DPRVWUDWDGRUHVGHLQWHUUXSomR
QRQ~PHURGHSLQRVGHGLFDGRVjVLQDOL]DomRGHLQWHUUXSo}HVGHKDUGZDUH
QRPHFDQLVPRGHKDELOLWDomRGHVDELOLWDomRGDVLQWHUUXSo}HV
QRVPHFDQLVPRVGHFKDPDGDHUHWRUQR
$WDEHODGHYHWRUHVGHLQWHUUXSomR
$R FRQWUiULR GR TXH DFRQWHFH QR D ORFDOL]DomR GRV WUDWDGRUHV GH
LQWHUUXSomR GR QmR p SUpIL[DGD QR SURMHWR GR SURFHVVDGRU (P YH]
GLVVR R ID] XVR GD DVVLP FKDPDGD WDEHOD GH YHWRUHV GH LQWHUUXSomR (VWD
FRQWpP SRQWHLURV GR WLSR IDU RV YHWRUHV FDGD XP FRUUHVSRQGHQGR DR
HQGHUHoR LQLFLDO GH XP WUDWDGRU &RP LVVR RV WUDWDGRUHV SRGHP UHVLGLU HP
TXDOTXHU SDUWH GD PHPyULD HQGHUHoiYHO 3DUD HQFRQWUDU R WUDWDGRU FRUUHWR

TXDQGRRFRUUHDLQWHUUXSomRGHQ~PHURLRSURFHVVDGRUOrRLpVLPRYHWRUGD
WDEHODHFRORFDHVWHYDORUQRSDU&6,3GHVYLDQGRDVVLPRSURFHVVDPHQWRGR
SURJUDPD SDUD R WUDWDGRU e LPSRUWDQWH QRWDU TXH D WDEHOD QmR FRQWpP R
WUDWDGRUPDVDSHQDVGL]RQGHHOHFRPHoD
3DUD TXH LVWR IXQFLRQH R SURFHVVDGRU SUHFLVD VDEHU RQGH ILFD D WDEHOD $
VROXomR DGRWDGD SDUD HVWH SUREOHPD p VLPSOHV D WDEHOD GH YHWRUHV GH
LQWHUUXSomRLQLFLDVHPSUHQRHQGHUHoRIL[R++(QWmRRVSULPHLURV
E\WHV++D++FRQWrPRHQGHUHoRLQLFLDOGRWUDWDGRU
GDLQWHUUXSomRRVE\WHVVHJXLQWHVFRQWrPRHQGHUHoRLQLFLDOGRWUDWDGRUGD
LQWHUUXSomR H DVVLP SRU GLDQWH $ ILJXUD PRVWUD D WtWXOR GH H[HPSOR
FRPRILFDULDRFRQWH~GRGRVSULPHLURVE\WHVGDPHPyULDVHRVWUDWDGRUHVGDV
LQWHUUXSo}HVHLQLFLDVVHPUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHQRVHQGHUHoRV++H
++
(QGHUHoR
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
&RQWH~GR
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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$GLVSRVLomRGRVYDORUHVDSUHVHQWDGRVVHH[SOLFDDWUDYpVGDVVHJXLQWHVUHJUDV
YiOLGDVSDUDWRGRVRVSURFHVVDGRUHVGDOLQKD[
TXDQGR D PHPyULD FRQWpP XP GDGR TXH RFXSD PDLV GH XP E\WH R E\WH
PHQRV VLJQLILFDWLYR p DUPD]HQDGR QR HQGHUHoR PHQRU H R PDLV
VLJQLILFDWLYRQRHQGHUHoRPDLRU
R ZRUG FRUUHVSRQGHQWH DR VHJPHQWR p FRQVLGHUDGR PDLV VLJQLILFDWLYR GR
TXHRFRUUHVSRQGHQWHDRRIIVHW
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WUDWDGRU GD LQWHUUXSomR TXH p + 2 E\WH PHQRV VLJQLILFDWLYR + p
DUPD]HQDGR SULPHLUR VHJXLGR GR E\WH PDLV VLJQLILFDWLYR + (P VHJXLGD
YrPRVGRLVE\WHVTXHFRPS}HPRYDORUGRVHJPHQWR2HQGHUHoRGHLQtFLR
GRWUDWDGRUGDLQWHUUXSomRpDUPD]HQDGRGHIRUPDDQiORJD
$ILPGHIDFLOLWDUDOHLWXUDGRVSRQWHLURVpFRPXPDSUHVHQWDUDWDEHODFRPRQD
ILJXUDHPTXHRVE\WHVGDPHPyULDHVWmRDJUXSDGRVGHTXDWURHPTXDWUR
,QWHUUXSo}HVGR

(PERUDHVWDVHMDDUHSUHVHQWDomRPDLVXVDGDpLPSRUWDQWHVDEHUFRPRVHGi
GH IDWR R DUPD]HQDPHQWR $ ILJXUD PRVWUD WDPEpP TXH QR FDVR JHUDO R
HQGHUHoRWUDWDGRUGDLpVLPDLQWHUUXSomRVHORFDOL]DQRRIIVHWLGDWDEHODHTXH
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FRPSULPHQWRWRWDOGDWDEHODpGH[ E\WHV N%
(QGHUHoR
++
++

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++
++

(QGHUHoRLQLFLDOGRWUDWDGRUGDLQWHUUXSomRL

(QGHUHoRLQLFLDOGRWUDWDGRUGDLQWHUUXSomR))+
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$VLQDOL]DomRGDVLQWHUUXSo}HV
$VLQDOL]DomRGHHYHQWRVH[WHUQRVUHVSRQViYHLVSHODLQWHUUXSomRGRSURJUDPDp
IHLWD DWUDYpV GH GRLV SLQRV GR SURFHVVDGRU GHQRPLQDGRV 10, QRQPDVNDEOH
LQWHUUXSW H ,17 2 SULPHLUR FRUUHVSRQGH DR SLQR 75$3 GR H p GH XVR
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XWLOL]DGDHPJHUDOSDUDVLQDOL]DUDRFRUUrQFLDGHXPHYHQWRFUtWLFRFRPRSRU
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TXHUHFHEHDVLQDOL]DomRGDVLQWHUUXSo}HVSURSULDPHQWHGLWDVHSDVVDDRR
Q~PHUR GD VROLFLWDomR UHFHELGD 'H SRVVH GHVWD LQIRUPDomR R SURFHVVDGRU
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LQWHUUXSomR
$ KDELOLWDomR GDV LQWHUUXSo}HV p IHLWD DWUDYpV GR IODJ ,) LQWHUUXSW IODJ TXH
UHVLGHQDSDODYUDGHIODJVGRSURFHVVDGRU(VWHIODJSRGHVHUVHWDGRHUHVHWDGR
SHODVLQVWUXo}HV67,H&/,UHVSHFWLYDPHQWHHKDELOLWDGHVDELOLWDGHXPDVy
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SHUPDQHFH VHPSUH KDELOLWDGD 2 FRQWUROH LQGLYLGXDO GDV LQWHUUXSo}HV QmR p

IHLWRDWUDYpVPDVVLPPHGLDQWHSURJUDPDomRDGHTXDGDGRFRQWURODGRUGH
LQWHUUXSomRH[WHUQR
2GHVYLRSDUDRWUDWDGRU
2 SHGLGR GH XPD LQWHUUXSomR KDELOLWDGD p DWHQGLGR DVVLP TXH WHUPLQD D
H[HFXomRGDLQVWUXomRHPFXUVRQRPRPHQWR GD VROLFLWDomR $ ILP GH TXH R
SURFHVVDPHQWRGRSURJUDPDSRVVDVHUUHWRPDGRDSyVDH[HFXomRGRWUDWDGRU
p QHFHVViULR TXH R SURFHVVDGRU DUPD]HQH DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH R HQGHUHoR GH
UHWRUQRTXHpRHQGHUHoRGDLQVWUXomRVHJXLQWHjTXHHVWDYDVHQGRH[HFXWDGD
QRPRPHQWRGDVROLFLWDomR&RPRRGHVYLRDVHUUHDOL]DGRDOWHUDRYDORU GH
&6,3p QHFHVViULR DUPD]HQDU RV YDORUHV GR VHJPHQWR &6 DWXDO H GR RIIVHW
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GLVVRRVDOYDWDPEpPRYDORUDWXDOGRVIODJV2DUPD]HQDPHQWRVHGiQD
SLOKDHRVYDORUHVVmRDUPD]HQDGRVQHVWDRUGHPIODJV&6,3(PVHJXLGDR
SURFHVVDGRUUHVHWDR IODJ ,) H H[HFXWD R GHVYLR 'HVWD IRUPD D H[HFXomR GR
WUDWDGRU LQLFLD FRP DV LQWHUUXSo}HV GHVDELOLWDGDV R TXH HYLWD TXH R PHVPR
WUDWDGRUVHMDFKDPDGRYiULDVYH]HVGHIRUPDUHFXUVLYDSRUXP~QLFRSHGLGR
GHLQWHUUXSomR
2 UHWRUQR p IHLWR PHGLDQWH D LQVWUXomR ,5(7 TXH ILQDOL]D R WUDWDGRU
UHFXSHUDQGRRVYDORUHVVDOYRVQDSLOKDSRURFDVLmRGRGHVYLR
2 DUPD]HQDPHQWR GRV IODJV WHP XPD FRQVHTrQFLD GLJQD GH QRWD QmR p
QHFHVViULRKDELOLWDUDVLQWHUUXSo}HVGHQWURGRWUDWDGRUDPHQRVTXHVHGHVHMH
DWHQGHU D RXWURV SHGLGRV GH LQWHUUXSomR GXUDQWH VXD H[HFXomR 1mR H[LVWH R
ULVFRGHTXHDVLQWHUUXSo}HVILTXHPGHVDELOLWDGDVSDUDVHPSUHSRUTXHRVIODJV
VDOYRVQDSLOKDLQFOXHPRYDORUTXHRIODJ,)WLQKDDQWHVGRGHVYLR&RPRRV
IODJV VmR UHFXSHUDGRV SHOD LQVWUXomR ,5(7 R HVWDGR DQWHULRU VH UHVWDEHOHFH
DXWRPDWLFDPHQWHDSyVRUHWRUQR
,QWHUUXSo}HVGHVRIWZDUH
$ LQVWUXomR ,17 L RQGH L p XP Q~PHUR GH D ))+ ID] FRP TXH R
SURFHVVDGRUSURFHGDH[DWDPHQWHFRPRVHWLYHVVHUHFHELGRXPDVROLFLWDomRGD
LQWHUUXSomRL3RULVVRHVWDLQVWUXomRUHFHEHRQRPHGHLQWHUUXSomRGHVRIWZDUH$
PHQRVGRDUPD]HQDPHQWRGRVIODJVQDSLOKDH[HFXWDUDLQVWUXomR,17LWHPR
PHVPR HIHLWR GH FKDPDU R WUDWDGRU GHVVD LQWHUUXSomR FRPR XPD VXEURWLQD

Uma exceo a esta regra so as instrues de manipulao de strings, discutidas mais

adiante.
,QWHUUXSo}HVGR

PDVFRPXPDLPSRUWDQWHGLIHUHQoDRHQGHUHoRGDVXEURWLQDQmRpGDGRGH
IRUPDH[SOtFLWDHLVWRFULDXPPHFDQLVPRGHFKDPDGDLQGLUHWDGHVXEURWLQDV
PXLWR ~WLO HP VLWXDo}HV HP TXH D VXEURWLQD D VHU FKDPDGD SRGH PXGDU GH
HQGHUHoRVHPTXHVHTXHLUDUHFRPSLODURSURJUDPDFKDPDGRUSRUFDXVDGLVVR
8PH[HPSORGHDSOLFDomRGHVVHPHFDQLVPRVmRRVVHUYLoRVGR'26YDQH[R
$ XWLOL]DomR GDV LQWHUUXSo}HV GH VRIWZDUH SHUPLWH TXH DV VXEURWLQDV GH
VHUYLoR RV WUDWDGRUHV GDV LQWHUUXSo}HV FKDPDGDV SRVVDP PXGDU GH OXJDU GH
XPD YHUVmR SDUD RXWUD GR VLVWHPD RSHUDFLRQDO VHP TXH LVVR LPSOLTXH QD
UHFRPSLODomRGRVDSOLFDWLYRVGRXVXiULR3DUDPDQWHURVHUYLoRIXQFLRQDQGRR
'26VySUHFLVDDWXDOL]DUDWDEHODGHYHWRUHVGHLQWHUUXSomR
,QWHUUXSo}HVUHVHUYDGDV
$OJXPDV LQWHUUXSo}HV WrP ILQDOLGDGHV HVSHFLDLV SDUD R H SRU LVVR VmR
FRQVLGHUDGDV UHVHUYDGDV $ SULPHLUD GHODV p D LQWHUUXSomR TXH p JHUDGD
DXWRPDWLFDPHQWHTXDQGRRGLYLVRUSDVVDGRSDUDXPDLQVWUXomRGHGLYLVmRIRU
LJXDOD]HUR'HVWDIRUPDRWUDWDGRUGDLQWHUUXSomRSRGHVHUYLVWRFRPRXP
WUDWDGRUGHH[FHomRSDUDHVWHHUURFKDPDGRDXWRPDWLFDPHQWH
2WUDWDGRUGDLQWHUUXSomRpFKDPDGRDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHVHPSUHTXHRIODJ7)
WUDS IODJ HVWLYHU VHWDGR (VWH PHFDQLVPR IRL FULDGR SDUD IDFLOLWDU D
LPSOHPHQWDomRGHGHSXUDGRUHVTXHSHUPLWHPTXH VH H[HFXWHP DV LQVWUXo}HV
GHXPSURJUDPDSDVVRDSDVVRSDUDQGRDSyVFDGDXPDGHODV2SULQFtSLRGH
XWLOL]DomRFRQVLVWHHPVHWDUHVVHIODJLPHGLDWDPHQWHDQWHVGDLQVWUXomRTXHVH
SUHWHQGHH[HFXWDUGHVWDIRUPD$VVLPTXHDLQVWUXomRpH[HFXWDGDRWUDWDGRU
GD LQWHUUXSomR p FKDPDGR H SRGH HQWmR DSUHVHQWDU LQIRUPDo}HV VREUH R
HVWDGRDWXDOGRSURFHVVDGRU3DUDTXHRWUDWDGRUQmRVHMDHOHSUySULRWUDQFDGR
SHODH[HFXomRRSURFHVVDGRUUHVHWDRIODJ7)DQWHVGHGHVYLDUSDUDRWUDWDGRU
$ LQWHUUXSomR p XPD LQWHUUXSomR FXMD FRGLILFDomR RFXSD DSHQDV E\WH HP
YH] GRV GRLV E\WHV RFXSDGRV QRUPDOPHQWH SHOD LQVWUXomR ,17 L ,VWR VHUYH
QRYDPHQWH DRV GHSXUDGRUHV TXH D XWLOL]DP QD FULDomR GH EUHDNSRLQWV
VXEVWLWXLQGR R E\WH TXH HVWi QXP GHWHUPLQDGR HQGHUHoR SHOR RSFRGH GD
LQWHUUXSomR8PDYH]DOFDQoDGRHVWHHQGHUHoRRSURJUDPDpGHVYLDGRSDUDR
WUDWDGRUFRUUHVSRQGHQWHTXHH[HFXWDDVDo}HVQHFHVViULDV
)LQDOPHQWH R WUDWDGRU GD LQWHUUXSomR p FKDPDGR SHOD LQVWUXomR ,172
LQWHUUXSWLIRYHUIORZVHPSUHTXHHVWDIRUH[HFXWDGDFRPRIODJ2)RYHUIORZIODJ

Um breakpoint um recurso de depurao que permite executar o programa sob teste at

um endereo especificado e ento par-lo, a fim de examinar em detalhe o que est
acontecendo nesse ponto da execuo.

VHWDGR ,VWR SHUPLWH DR SURJUDPD UHDJLU GH IRUPD FRQYHQLHQWH D HUURV GH
RYHUIORZGHGLYLVmRRVFDVRVHPTXHRUHVXOWDGRGHXPDGLYLVmRpILQLWRPDV
QmRFDEHQRUHJLVWUDGRUGHGHVWLQR
$OpP GDV LQWHUUXSo}HV GHVFULWDV D ,QWHO FRQVLGHUD UHVHUYDGDV DV LQWHUUXSo}HV
+D)+(PERUDHVWDVQmRVHMDPHVSHFLDLVQRQmRVHGHYHXWLOL]iODV
SRLV HODV WrP IXQFLRQDOLGDGH HVSHFtILFD QRV GHPDLV SURFHVVDGRUHV GD IDPtOLD
[ 8WLOL]iODV SDUD ILQV SDUWLFXODUHV SRGH LPSOLFDU HP SHUGD GH
FRPSDWLELOLGDGHGRVRIWZDUHFRPHVWHVSURFHVVDGRUHV
$WDEHODUHVXPHDVLQWHUUXSo}HVHVSHFLDLVGR
1~PHUR

)+
2IIVHWGRYHWRU
+
+
+
&+
+
+&+
8VR
'HWHFomRGHGLYLVmRSRU]HUR
([HFXomRSDVVRDSDVVR
,QWHUUXSomRQmRPDVFDUiYHO
%UHDNSRLQWV
2YHUIORZ
5HVHUYDGR
7DE,QWHUUXSo}HVUHVHUYDGDVGR
0DQLSXODomRGHVWULQJV
,QWURGXomR
2 FRQWD FRP XP JUXSR GH LQVWUXo}HV TXH GmR VXSRUWH j UHDOL]DomR GH
WDUHIDV TXH DSDUHFHP FRP IUHTrQFLD TXDQGR VH PDQLSXODP FDGHLDV GH
FDUDFWHUHVVWULQJV8PDYH]TXHDUHSUHVHQWDomRGHXPDFDGHLDGHFDUDFWHUHVQD
PHPyULD p D PHVPD GH XPD WDEHOD HVWDV LQVWUXo}HV VmR LJXDOPHQWH ~WHLV QD
PDQLSXODomRGHWDEHODVJHQpULFDV
$ SULQFLSDO YDQWDJHP GR HPSUHJR GDV LQVWUXo}HV GH PDQLSXODomR GH VWULQJV
HVWiQRJDQKRGHYHORFLGDGHTXHSURSRUFLRQDP([LVWHWDPEpPXPDSHTXHQD
UHGXomR QR WDPDQKR GR SURJUDPD PDV HVWD YDQWDJHP p JHUDOPHQWH
LQVLJQLILFDQWHTXDQGRFRPSDUDGDDRDXPHQWRGHGHVHPSHQKR
2REMHWLYRGHVWHFDStWXORpRGHDSUHVHQWDUHVVDVLQVWUXo}HVH[HPSOLILFDUVHX
XVRHPRVWUDUGHRQGHYHPHVVHJDQKRGHGHVHPSHQKR
$VLQVWUXo}HV
$VLQVWUXo}HVGLVSRQtYHLVGmRVXSRUWHjVVHJXLQWHVRSHUDo}HV
FySLDGHXPDUHJLmRGDPHPyULDSDUDRXWUD
FRPSDUDomR GH GXDV VWULQJV WDEHODV ORFDOL]DomR GR SULPHLUR HOHPHQWR
LJXDORXGLIHUHQWH
YDUUHGXUDEXVFDGRSULPHLURFDUDFWHULJXDORXGLIHUHQWHGHXPFDUDFWHUGH
FRPSDUDomR
OHLWXUDGRVHOHPHQWRVGHXPDVWULQJXPSRUYH]
LQLFLDOL]DomRGHWDEHODV
$ WDEHOD DSUHVHQWD DV LQVWUXo}HV GH PDQLSXODomR GH VWULQJV H[LVWHQWHV QR
VXDDSOLFDomRHDFODVVLILFDomRGRVDUJXPHQWRVQHFHVViULRV

0QHP{QLFR
02960296%0296:
&036&036%&036:
6&$66&$6%6&$6:
/2'6/2'6%/2'6:
67266726%6726:
$SOLFDomR
&ySLD
&RPSDUDomR
9DUUHGXUD
/HLWXUD
,QLFLDOL]DomR
$UJXPHQWRV
'HVWLQRRULJHP
'HVWLQRRULJHP
'HVWLQR
2ULJHP
'HVWLQR
7DE$VLQVWUXo}HVGHPDQLSXODomRGHVWULQJV
1RWH TXH DV LQVWUXo}HV GH FySLD H GH FRPSDUDomR DWXDP VREUH GXDV VWULQJV
GLIHUHQWHVHQTXDQWRDVGHPDLVDWXDP VREUH XPD ~QLFD VWULQJ 7RGDV WrP HP
FRPXPDVVHJXLQWHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
RDUJXPHQWRGHRULJHPHVWiORFDOL]DGRVHPSUHHP'6>6,@
R DUJXPHQWR GH GHVWLQR HVWi ORFDOL]DGR SRU GHIDXOW HP (6>',@ R
VHJPHQWR SRGH VHU PXGDGR SDUD &6 '6 RX 66 FRP XP SUHIL[R GH
PRGLILFDomRGHVHJPHQWRRRIIVHWpVHPSUHGDGRSRU',
SRGHPDJLUWDQWRVREUHE\WHVTXDQWRVREUHZRUGV
GHSHQGHQGRGRYDORUGRIODJGHGLUHomR')DVVWULQJVVmRPDQLSXODGDVGR
LQtFLRSDUDRILP') RXGRILPSDUDRFRPHoR')
TXDQGR XPD LQVWUXomR GH PDQLSXODomR GH VWULQJV p H[HFXWDGD RV
UHJLVWUDGRUHV 6, H ', VH XWLOL]DGRV VmR DMXVWDGRV SDUD DSRQWDUHP SDUD R
SUy[LPR HOHPHQWR GD VWULQJ HP TXHVWmR (VWH DMXVWH SRGH VHU XP
LQFUHPHQWR') RXGHFUHPHQWR') GHXPDXQLGDGHTXDQGRD
LQVWUXomRDJHVREUHE\WHVRXGHGXDVXQLGDGHVLGHPZRUGV
WRGDV DV LQVWUXo}HV RFXSDP DSHQDV XP E\WH SUHFHGLGR GH XP SUHIL[R GH
PRGLILFDomRGHVHJPHQWRGHGHVWLQRTXDQGRIRURFDVR
$WDEHODPRVWUDTXHH[LVWHPWUrVPQHP{QLFRVGLIHUHQWHVSDUDFDGDXPDGDV
DSOLFDo}HVSRVVtYHLV2SULPHLURPQHP{QLFRWHUPLQDVHPSUHSHODOHWUD6TXH
GHQRWDVWULQJ(VWDIRUPDGRVPQHP{QLFRVH[LJHDUJXPHQWRVTXHSHUPLWDPDR
DVVHPEOHUFRQFOXLUVHDLQVWUXomRVHUHIHUHjPDQLSXODomRGHE\WHVRXGHZRUGV
3RUH[HPSORDLQVWUXomR0296SRGHVHUXWLOL]DGDGDVVHJXLQWHVIRUPDV
MOVS BYTE PTR ES:[DI],[SI]
RX
MOVS WORD PTR ES:[DI],[SI]
VLJQLILFDQGRTXHDRSHUDomRDVHUUHDOL]DGDpDFySLDGRE\WHQRSULPHLURFDVR
RXGRZRUGQRVHJXQGRFDVRHP'6>6,@SDUD (6>',@ e LPSRUWDQWH QRWDU
TXH HPERUD D LQVWUXomR VHMD HVFULWD FRP GRLV DUJXPHQWRV VXD FRGLILFDomR
FRQWLQXDVHQGRIHLWDHPXP~QLFRE\WHRVDUJXPHQWRVVHUYHPDSHQDVSDUDR
TXHDVVHPEOHUSRVVDGHFLGLUVHDLQVWUXomRGHYHDJLUVREUHE\WHVRXZRUGVHVH

KiQHFHVVLGDGHGHDOJXPSUHIL[RGHPRGLILFDomRGRVHJPHQWRGHGHVWLQR1RV
FDVRVDFLPDTXHXWLOL]DPRVHJPHQWRGHIDXOWSRGHVHHVFUHYHUVLPSOHVPHQWH
MOVSB
RX
MOVSW
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH FRP R PHVPR UHVXOWDGR $ IRUPD ORQJD FRP DUJXPHQWRV

H[SOtFLWRVVypREULJDWyULDTXDQGRVHTXHUPXGDURVHJPHQWRGHGHVWLQRFRPR
HP
MOVS BYTE PTR DS:[DI],[SI]
RX
MOVS WORD PTR DS:[DI],[SI]
1HVWHVH[HPSORVDFySLDVHID]GHQWURGHXPPHVPRVHJPHQWR
8PH[HPSORFySLDGHWDEHODV
6HMDDWDUHIDGHFRSLDURFRQWH~GRGHXPDWDEHODGHN%ORFDOL]DGDQRRIIVHW
7$%GRVHJPHQWR'$7$SDUDXPDWDEHODGHLJXDOWDPDQKRORFDOL]DGDQR
RIIVHW7$%GHXPVHJPHQWRFKDPDGR '$7$ 2 SURJUDPD DEDL[R PRVWUD
FRPR HVWD FySLD SRGHULD VHU IHLWD SULPHLUDPHQWH VHP D XWLOL]DomR GDV
LQVWUXo}HVGHPDQLSXODomRGHVWULQJV
TABSIZE EQU 400H
PILHA
SEGMENT STACK
DB 128 DUP(?)
PILHA
ENDS
DATA1
SEGMENT
TAB1
DB TABSIZE DUP(55H)
DATA1
ENDS
DATA2
SEGMENT
TAB2
DB TABSIZE DUP(00H)
DATA2
ENDS
CODE
SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA1,ES:DATA2
START: MOV AX,DATA1
MOV DS,AX
MOV AX,DATA2
MOV ES,AX
LEA SI,TAB1
LEA DI,TAB2
MOV CX,TABSIZE
LOOP:
MOV AL,[SI]
MOV ES:[DI],AL

INC
INC
DEC
JNZ
...
SI
DI
CX
LOOP
2 FyGLJR DSUHVHQWDGR SRGH VHU PHOKRUDGR PHGLDQWH XWLOL]DomR GD LQVWUXomR

0296%TXHGHDFRUGRFRPDVHomRVXEVWLWXLDVTXDWURSULPHLUDVOLQKDV
GRORRS3DUDWHUFHUWH]DGHTXHDFySLDVHGrQDGLUHomRFHUWDLQFUHPHQWRGH
6,H',pSUHFLVRFRORFDUDQWHVXPDLQVWUXomR&/'2FyGLJRILFDDVVLP
START:
LOOP:
MOV AX,DATA1
MOV DS,AX
MOV AX,DATA2
MOV ES,AX
LEA SI,TAB1
LEA DI,TAB2
MOV CX,TABSIZE
CLD
MOVSB
DEC CX
JNZ LOOP
...
1HVWH SRQWR p SRVVtYHO FRPHoDU D YHU FRPR D XWLOL]DomR GDV LQVWUXo}HV GH

PDQLSXODomR GH VWULQJV DIHWD R WDPDQKR GR SURJUDPD H VHX GHVHPSHQKR $
UHGXomRQRWDPDQKRGRSURJUDPDVHGiSRUTXHXPDLQVWUXomRGHPDQLSXODomR
GHVWULQJVVXEVWLWXLYiULDVLQVWUXo}HVFRQYHQFLRQDLV
2JDQKRGHGHVHPSHQKRPHUHFHXPDDQiOLVHPDLVGHWDOKDGD(OHQmRYHPGH
DOJXPUHFXUVRHVSHFLDOGDLQVWUXomRGHPDQLSXODomRGHVWULQJVHPVLSRLVHVWD
SUHFLVD OHU R E\WH D VHU FRSLDGR GD VXD SRVLomR GH RULJHP HVFUHYrOR QD VXD
SRVLomR GH GHVWLQR H LQFUHPHQWDU RV UHJLVWUDGRUHV 6, H ', GD PHVPD IRUPD
TXH R FyGLJR VHP D LQVWUXomR GH PDQLSXODomR GH VWULQJV (VWDV RSHUDo}HV
SULQFLSDOPHQWH RV DFHVVRV j PHPyULD H[LJHP XP WHPSR TXH QmR Ki FRPR
UHGX]LU
2 JDQKR GH GHVHPSHQKR YHP GR IDWR GH TXH HP JHUDO DV LQVWUXo}HV TXH
ID]HPDPDQLSXODomRVmRH[HFXWDGDVXPJUDQGHQ~PHURGHYH]HV1RFDVRGR
H[HPSOR DFLPD DV OLQKDV TXH FRPS}HP R ORRS VmR H[HFXWDGDV WDQWDV YH]HV
TXDQWRV IRUHP RV E\WHV FRSLDGRV + RX e SUHFLVR OHPEUDU DJRUD
TXH TXDQGR H[HFXWD XP ORRS R SURFHVVDGRU WHP GH OHU H GHFRGLILFDU HVVDV
LQVWUXo}HVDFDGDYH]TXHVmRH[HFXWDGDVHLVVRVLJQLILFDTXHQRSULPHLURFDVR
SUHFLVD H[HFXWDU [ LQVWUXo}HV HQTXDQWR TXH QR VHJXQGR VmR
H[HFXWDGDV [ &DGD LQVWUXomR GHVVDV H[LJH D OHLWXUD GH SHOR
PHQRVE\WHGDPHPyULDHSRUWDQWRKiPDLVWHPSRVHQGRJDVWRQDOHLWXUDGH
LQVWUXo}HVGRTXHQDFySLDGDVWDEHODV&RPDUHGXomRGHVVHWHPSRjPHWDGH
QRVHJXQGRFDVRFRPHoDDDSDUHFHUDYDQWDJHPGDVLQVWUXo}HVGHPDQLSXODomR

GHVWULQJV(VWHWHPSRSRGHVHUUHGX]LGRDLQGDPDLVDWUDYpVGRHPSUHJRGRV
DVVLPFKDPDGRVSUHIL[RVGHUHSHWLomRDQDOLVDGRVDVHJXLU
2VSUHIL[RVGHUHSHWLomR
$ ILP GH IDFLOLWDU D UHSHWLomR GH XPD LQVWUXomR GH PDQLSXODomR GH VWULQJV R
RIHUHFH RV SUHIL[RV GH UHSHWLomR TXH VmR FyGLJRV FRORFDGRV LPHGLDWDPHQWH
DQWHVGHVVDVLQVWUXo}HVHTXHFDXVDPVXDUHSHWLomRDWpTXHXPDGDGDFRQGLomR
GHSDUDGDVHMDDWLQJLGD
7RGRV RV SUHIL[RV GH UHSHWLomR WHVWDP &; DQWHV GH H[HFXWDU D LQVWUXomR TXH
VHJXH 6H &; IRU ]HUR D LQVWUXomR QmR p H[HFXWDGD &DVR FRQWUiULR &; p
GHFUHPHQWDGR GH XPD XQLGDGH H D LQVWUXomR p H[HFXWDGD 6H D LQVWUXomR HP
TXHVWmR IRU XPD LQVWUXomR GH FRPSDUDomR &036 RX 6&$6 RV IODJV VmR
DIHWDGRVGHDFRUGRFRPRUHVXOWDGRGDFRPSDUDomRIHLWD
$WDEHODDSUHVHQWDRVSUHIL[RVGHUHSHWLomRGLVSRQtYHLVHDVFRQGLo}HVGH
SDUDGDFRUUHVSRQGHQWHV
3UHIL[R
5(3
5(3(5(3=
5(31(5(31=
&RQGLomRGHSDUDGD
&;
&; RX=)
&; RX=)
7DE3UHIL[RVGHUHSHWLomRGR
2SUHIL[RPDLVVLPSOHVp5(3UHSHDWTXHVLPSOHVPHQWHUHSHWHDLQVWUXomRHP
TXHVWmR&;YH]HV2SUHIL[R5(3(HVHXVLQ{QLPR5(3=UHSHDWZKLOHHTXDO
]HURUHSHWHPDLQVWUXomRHPTXHVWmRHQTXDQWRR]HUR IODJ SHUPDQHFHU VHWDGR
6H D LQVWUXomR IRU GH FRPSDUDomR D UHSHWLomR FRQWLQXDUi HQTXDQWR KRXYHU
LJXDOGDGH HQWUH RV HOHPHQWRV FRPSDUDGRV $ UHSHWLomR FHVVD TXDQGR R IODJ
GHL[DUGHVHUVHWDGRRXHQWmRTXDQGR&;FKHJDD]HUR(VWHSUHIL[RSRGHVHU
XVDGRFRPDLQVWUXomR&036SDUDID]HUFRPTXHRSURFHVVDGRUFRPSDUHGXDV
WDEHODV H SDUH DVVLP TXH HQFRQWUDU D SULPHLUD GHVLJXDOGDGH HQWUH HODV
&RQVLGHUDQGR TXH R GLUHFWLRQ IODJ HVWHMD HP ]HUR RV RIIVHWV GRV HOHPHQWRV
GHVLJXDLVVHUmRHQWmR6,H',VHRVHOHPHQWRVIRUHPE\WHVRX6,H',
VH IRUHP ZRUGV $ VXEWUDomR GH RX p QHFHVViULD SRUTXH 6, H ', VmR
DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH DMXVWDGRV SDUD DSRQWDU SDUD R HOHPHQWR VHJXLQWH
LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH GR UHVXOWDGR GD FRPSDUDomR 6H ') HVWLYHU VHWDGR p
QHFHVViULRVRPDUHPYH]GHVXEWUDLU
2SUHIL[R5(31(RXVHXVLQ{QLPR5(31=UHSHDWZKLOHQRWHTXDOQRW]HURpR
GXDO GR DQWHULRU H UHSHWH D LQVWUXomR HP TXHVWmR HQTXDQWR R ]HUR IODJ

SHUPDQHFHU ]HUDGR (VWH SUHIL[R SRGH VHU XWLOL]DGR SDUD HQFRQWUDU XPD
LJXDOGDGHHQWUHGXDVWDEHODV
3RGHPRV DJRUD PHOKRUDU DLQGD PDLV R FyGLJR DSUHVHQWDGR QD H[HPSOR GD
VHomRWURFDQGRDVOLQKDVGRORRSGRVHJXQGRFDVRSRUXPD~QLFDOLQKD2
VHJPHQWRGHFyGLJRILFDHQWmRDVVLP
START:
REP
MOV AX,DATA1
MOV DS,AX
MOV AX,DATA2
MOV ES,AX
LEA SI,TAB1
LEA DI,TAB2
MOV CX,TABSIZE
CLD
MOVSB
...
1RWH TXH DJRUD QmR H[LVWH PDLV R ORRS SDUD ID]HU D UHSHWLomR GD LQVWUXomR
0296%,VVRVLJQLILFDTXHHODpOLGDDSHQDVXPD~QLFDYH]E\WHVDRWRGR
FRQVLGHUDQGR R SUHIL[R GH UHSHWLomR H QmR PDLV RX YH]HV FRPR
QRV FDVRV GLVFXWLGRV QD VHomR $JRUD R WHPSR GH H[HFXomR GD LQVWUXomR
FRUUHVSRQGH SUDWLFDPHQWH WRGR j UHDOL]DomR GH WUDEDOKR ~WLO SRLV R WHPSR
JDVWRQDOHLWXUDHGHFRGLILFDomRGDLQVWUXomRpGHVSUH]tYHOTXDQGRFRPSDUDGR
DR WHPSR QHFHVViULR SDUD D FySLD GD WDEHOD e DVVLP TXH DV LQVWUXo}HV GH
PDQLSXODomR GH VWULQJV FRQVHJXHP SURSRUFLRQDU XP JDQKR GH YHORFLGDGH
FRQVLGHUiYHODRSURFHVVDGRU
2FRUUrQFLDGHLQWHUUXSo}HV
(PJHUDOTXDQGRDFRQWHFHXPSHGLGRGHLQWHUUXSomRRSURFHVVDGRUWHUPLQD
GH H[HFXWDU D LQVWUXomR HP DQGDPHQWR H Vy GHSRLV DWHQGH HVVH SHGLGR $
H[HFXomR GDV LQVWUXo}HV GH PDQLSXODomR GH VWULQJV SRUpP SRGH VHU PXLWR
PDLVGHPRUDGDGRTXHDGDVLQVWUXo}HVFRPXQV3RULVVRHVVDVLQVWUXo}HVVmR
LQWHUURPStYHLV 4XDQGR DFRQWHFH XPD LQWHUUXSomR GXUDQWH R SURFHVVDPHQWR
GH XPD LQVWUXomR GH PDQLSXODomR GH VWULQJV SURFHVVDGRU WHUPLQD GH ID]HU D
RSHUDomR TXH HVWi HP DQGDPHQWR FySLD FRPSDUDomR HWF H LQWHUURPSH R
ORRS GHWHUPLQDGR SHOD FRQWDJHP HP &; SDUD DWHQGHU R SHGLGR GH
LQWHUUXSomR'HSRLVGHDWHQGLGRRSHGLGRRSURFHVVDGRUUHWRUQDDRSRQWRHP
TXH KDYLD LQWHUURPSLGR R SURFHVVDPHQWR GD LQVWUXomR GH PDQLSXODomR GH
VWULQJV'HVWDIRUPDDSUHVHQoDGHVVDVLQVWUXo}HVQmRDWUDSDOKDRDWHQGLPHQWR
GHSHGLGRVGHLQWHUUXSomR

([HPSORVGHDSOLFDomR
(VWD VHomR DSUHVHQWD DOJXQV H[HPSORV GH DSOLFDomR GDV LQVWUXo}HV GH
PDQLSXODomR GH VWULQJV FRPSOHPHQWDQGR R H[HPSOR GH FySLD GH WDEHODV
GLVFXWLGR QDV VHo}HV DQWHULRUHV 2XWURV H[HPSORV SRGHP VHU HQFRQWUDGRV QR
FDStWXOR
&RPSDUDomRGHWDEHODV
$FRPSDUDomRGHGXDVWDEHODVSRGHVHUIHLWDFRPDX[tOLRGDLQVWUXomR&036
RXGHVXDVIRUPDVDEUHYLDGDV&036%H&036:(VWDVLQVWUXo}HVFRPSDUDP
DVWDEHODVVXEWUDLQGRRE\WHRXZRUGHQGHUHoDGRSHORUHJLVWUDGRUTXHYDUUHD
WDEHOD GH RULJHP GR E\WH RX ZRUG HQGHUHoDGR SHOR UHJLVWUDGRU TXH YDUUH D
WDEHOD GH GHVWLQR UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH 2V UHJLVWUDGRUHV VmR DMXVWDGRV
LQFUHPHQWDGRV RX GHFUHPHQWDGRV GHSHQGHQGR GR YDORU GR GLUHFWLRQ IODJ GH
DFRUGR FRP R WDPDQKR GR HOHPHQWR FRPSDUDGR $ VXEWUDomR p XWLOL]DGD
DSHQDVSDUDVHWDURVIODJVRUHVXOWDGRpGHVFDUWDGR
2WUHFKRGHFyGLJRDVHJXLUFRPSDUDGXDVWDEHODV7$%H7$%ORFDOL]DGDV
QXP PHVPR VHJPHQWR HQGHUHoDGR SHOR UHJLVWUDGRU '6 $ FRPSDUDomR
WHUPLQDTXDQGRVHHQFRQWUD XPD LJXDOGDGH HQWUH E\WHV GH PHVPR RIIVHW HP
UHODomRDRLQtFLRGDVWDEHODVRXHQWmRTXDQGRVHFKHJDDRILQDOGDVWDEHODV2
]HUR IODJ p WHVWDGR DSyV D LQVWUXomR GH FRPSDUDomR SDUD VDEHU VH KRXYH
LJXDOGDGHRXQmReLQWHUHVVDQWHQRWDUTXHRWHVWHGHVWHIODJpYiOLGRPHVPR
TXDQGR &; FKHJD D ]HUR SRUTXH &; p VHPSUH GHFUHPHQWDGR DQWHV GD
H[HFXomRGDLQVWUXomRGHPRGRTXHRHVWDGRGRIODJFRUUHVSRQGHVHPSUHDR
UHVXOWDGRGDFRPSDUDomR 4XDQGR XPD LJXDOGDGH p HQFRQWUDGD R UHJLVWUDGRU
6, p GHFUHPHQWDGR GH XPD XQLGDGH SDUD TXH YROWH D FRQWHU R RIIVHW GR E\WH
TXHFDXVRXDSDUDGDGDUHSHWLomR
START:
REPE
IGUAL:
MOV AX,DADOS
MOV DS,AX
LEA SI,TAB1
LEA DI,TAB2
CLD
CMPSB
JZ IGUAL
JMP DIFERENTE
DEC SI
...

9DUUHGXUDGHWDEHODV
$YDUUHGXUDGHXPDWDEHODHPEXVFDGHXPGHWHUPLQDGRE\WHRXZRUGSRGH
VHU IHLWD FRP R DX[tOLR GD LQVWUXomR 6&$6 RX GH VXDV IRUPDV DEUHYLDGDV
6&$6% H 6&$6: (VWDV LQVWUXo}HV FRPSDUDP R HOHPHQWR HQGHUHoDGR SHOR
UHJLVWUDGRU TXH YDUUH D WDEHOD ', FRP R UHJLVWUDGRU $/ RX $;
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH H DMXVWDP ', GH XPD RX GXDV XQLGDGHV FRQIRUPH R FDVR
1RWH TXH GH DFRUGR FRP D WDEHOD D WDEHOD p HQGHUHoDGD FRPR XP
RSHUDQGRGHGHVWLQR H TXH SRU LVVR R UHJLVWUDGRU GH VHJPHQWR GHIDXOW p (6
PDV SRGH VHU PXGDGR FRP XP SUHIL[R GH PRGLILFDomR GH VHJPHQWR 2
UHJLVWUDGRUGHRIIVHWpREULJDWRULDPHQWH',
2 WUHFKR GH FyGLJR DEDL[R YDUUH D WDEHOD 7$% HP EXVFD GR ZRUG +
&DVRRHQFRQWUHRUHJLVWUDGRU',pGHFUHPHQWDGRGHGXDVXQLGDGHVSDUDTXH
DSRQWHSDUDRZRUGHQFRQWUDGR
START:
REPNE
IGUAL:
MOV AX,DADOS
MOV ES,AX
LEA DI,TAB1
CLD
MOV AX,1234H
SCASW
JZ IGUAL
JMP DIFERENTE
SUB DI,2
...
/HLWXUDGHWDEHODV
$OHLWXUDGHXPDWDEHODSRGHVHUDJLOL]DGDFRPDLQVWUXomR/2'6RXGHVXDV
IRUPDVDEUHYLDGDV/2'6%H/2'6:(VWDVLQVWUXo}HVOrHPXPE\WHRXXP
ZRUGSDUDRUHJLVWUDGRU$/RX$;UHVSHFWLYDPHQWHGRHQGHUHoRFRQWLGRHP
6, H DMXVWDP HVWH UHJLVWUDGRU HP XPD RX GXDV XQLGDGHV FRQIRUPH R FDVR
'LILFLOPHQWHVmRXWLOL]DGDVHPFRQMXQWRFRPDOJXPSUHIL[RGHUHSHWLomRSRLV
HPJHUDOpQHFHVViULRSURFHVVDUGHDOJXPDIRUPDFDGDHOHPHQWROLGRDQWHVGH
OHURSUy[LPR0HVPRDVVLPH[LVWHRJDQKRGHVHFRQVHJXLUQXPDLQVWUXomR
Vy OHU R E\WH RX ZRUG H DLQGD LQFUHPHQWDU R UHJLVWUDGRU R TXH GLPLQXL R
Q~PHUR GH LQVWUXo}HV QXP ORRS 1RWH TXH GH DFRUGR FRP D WDEHOD R
DUJXPHQWR p FRQVLGHUDGR GH RULJHP H SRU LVVR R VHJPHQWR H R RIIVHW VmR
VHPSUH'6H6,UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
2WUHFKRGHFyGLJRDEDL[RXWLOL]DDLQVWUXomR/2'6%SDUDID]HUHP%/DVRPD
GRV E\WHV GH XPD FDGHLD GH FDUDFWHUHV 675 VHP FRQVLGHUDU R YDL (VWD

RSHUDomRSRGHVHU~WLOQRFiOFXORGRFKHFNVXPGHXPDVWULQJDSyVVXDUHFHSomR
SRUXPPHLRGHWUDQVPLVVmR
LOOP:
LOOPNZ
...
LEA SI,STR1
CLD
MOV BL,00H
MOV CX,STRSIZE
LODSB
ADD BL,AL
LOOP
; COMPRIMENTO DA STRING
$TXLDSDUHFHXPRXWURSUHIL[RGHUHSHWLomRGR/2231=(VWHDVVLP
FRPRVHXVLQ{QLPR/2231(VXEVWLWXLDVOLQKDV
DEC CX
JNZ LOOP
ID]HQGRDVVLPFRPTXHRSURFHVVDGRUWHQKDXPDLQVWUXomRD PHQRV SDUD OHU

QRORRS
,QLFLDOL]DomRGHWDEHODV
$ LQVWUXomR 6726 DVVLP FRPR VXDV IRUPDV DEUHYLDGDV 6726% H 6726:
SRGH VHU XWLOL]DGD SDUD LQLFLDOL]DU XPD WDEHOD FRP XP GDGR YDORU (VWDV
LQVWUXo}HVHVFUHYHPRE\WHRXZRUGFRQWLGRHP$/RX$;UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
QR HQGHUHoR FRQWLGR QR UHJLVWUDGRU TXH YDUUH D WDEHOD H DMXVWDP HVWH
UHJLVWUDGRUHPXPDRXGXDVXQLGDGHVFRQIRUPHRFDVR
1RWH TXH GH DFRUGR FRP D WDEHOD D WDEHOD p HQGHUHoDGD FRPR XP
RSHUDQGRGHGHVWLQR H TXH SRU LVVR R UHJLVWUDGRU GH VHJPHQWR GHIDXOW p (6
PDV SRGH VHU PXGDGR FRP XP SUHIL[R GH PRGLILFDomR GH VHJPHQWR 2
UHJLVWUDGRUGHRIIVHWpREULJDWRULDPHQWH',
2 WUHFKR GH FyGLJR D VHJXLU XWLOL]D D LQVWUXomR 6726: SDUD LQLFLDOL]DU XPD
WDEHODGHN%+E\WHVRX+ZRUGVFRPRYDORU+
REP
...
LEA DI,STR1
CLD
MOV CX,200H
MOV AX,3535H
STOSW

3DUWH,,/DERUDWyULR
2$EDFXV
2VLPXODGRUHRDVVHPEOHU
2 $EDFXV p XP VLPXODGRU H DVVHPEOHU SDUD R PLFURSURFHVVDGRU
GHVHQYROYLGR HVSHFLDOPHQWH SDUD DFRPSDQKDU HVWH OLYUR 6XD LQWHUIDFH p
PRVWUDGDQDILJXUD
)LJ2$EDFXV
&RPR$EDFXVpSRVVtYHOH[HFXWDUSUDWLFDPHQWHTXDOTXHUSURJUDPDTXHFDLED
GHQWURGDUHJLmRGH5$0VLPXODGDHDFRPSDQKDUDVPXGDQoDVQRSURFHVVDGRU
HQDPHPyULDGXUDQWHDH[HFXomReSRVVtYHOYLVXDOL]DURFRPSRUWDPHQWRGD
SLOKD H D YDUUHGXUD GH WDEHODV FULDU EUHDNSRLQWV SDUD LQWHUURPSHU D H[HFXomR

HP TXDOTXHU SRQWR DOWHUDU R HVWDGR GR SURFHVVDGRU H GD PHPyULD H[HFXWDU
LQVWUXo}HVSDVVRDSDVVRHJHUDULQWHUUXSo}HV
&RPR GLVSRVLWLYRV GH HQWUDGD SRGHP VHU XWLOL]DGRV R SUySULR WHFODGR GR
FRPSXWDGRURXXPFRQMXQWRGHFKDYHVVLPXODGDVSHORVRIWZDUHDVDtGDSRGH
VHUIHLWDHPXPGLVSOD\QXPpULFRRXHPXPFRQMXQWRGHOHGV
2$EDFXVSRGHWDPEpPVHUXWLOL]DGRQRPRGRDVVHPEOHUHPTXHpSRVVtYHO
FULDUSURJUDPDVSDUDRDSDUWLUGHXPDWDEHODGHPQHP{QLFRV$VHomR
WUD]PDLVGHWDOKHVVREUHHVWHPRGR
&RPHVWHVHOHPHQWRVpSRVVtYHOUHVROYHUWRGRVRVH[HUFtFLRVSURSRVWRVSDUDR
HDLQGDGHVHQYROYHUPXLWRVRXWURVTXHLOXVWUDPQmRVyRIXQFLRQDPHQWR
GHVWH PLFURSURFHVVDGRU PDV SULQFLSDOPHQWH FRQFHLWRV JHUDLV GD GLVFLSOLQD GH
0LFURSURFHVVDGRUHV
$PHPyULD
2 $EDFXV VLPXOD SDUD R SURFHVVDGRU XPD UHJLmR GH N% GH PHPyULD
5$0 TXH VH HVWHQGH GR HQGHUHoR + DR HQGHUHoR ))+ 4XDOTXHU
SURJUDPD D VHU H[HFXWDGR GHYH VHU FRORFDGR QHVWD UHJLmR GH PHPyULD
7HQWDWLYDV GH DFHVVR D HQGHUHoRV LQYiOLGRV SiUDP D H[HFXomR GR SURJUDPD H
JHUDPXPDPHQVDJHPGHDYLVR
$UHJLmRTXHYDLGH+D)))+pFRQVLGHUDGDPHPyULD520HQmRSRGH
VHU YLVXDOL]DGD QR VLPXODGRU $SHVDU GLVVR R $EDFXV VH FRPSRUWD FRPR VH
KRXYHVVHHPDOJXQVHQGHUHoRVVXEURWLQDVTXHRXVXiULRSRGHFKDPDUHHP
RXWURVLQVWUXo}HVGHGHVYLRSDUDDUHJLmRGH5$0YVHomR
$VMDQHODV
$ LQWHUIDFH GR $EDFXV FRQVLVWH GDV VHJXLQWHV MDQHODV SULQFLSDLV TXH VmR
GHVFULWDVHPGHWDOKHQHVWDVHomR
3URJUDPD
3URFHVVDGRU
0HPyULD
'LVSOD\
/HGV
&KDYHV
$VVHPEOHU
2$EDFXV

$MDQHOD3URJUDPD
(VWDMDQHODPRVWUDGDQDILJXUD SHUPLWHYLVXDOL]DURSURJUDPDFDUUHJDGR
QDPHPyULD5$0VLPXODGDGR$EDFXV$MDQHODpGLYLGLGDHPWUrVFROXQDV$
SULPHLUDFROXQDPRVWUDRVHQGHUHoRVHPTXHLQLFLDPDVLQVWUXo}HVSUHVHQWHVQD
PHPyULD D VHJXQGD FROXQD RV FyGLJRV KH[DGHFLPDLV GHVVDV LQVWUXo}HV H D
WHUFHLUDRVPQHP{QLFRVFRUUHVSRQGHQWHV
)LJ'HWDOKHGDMDQHOD3URJUDPD
2FXUVRU
$MDQHOD3URJUDPDWHPWDPEpPXPFXUVRUXPDOLQKDD]XO FODUDTXHGHVWDFDR
HQGHUHoRFRQWLGRQRUHJLVWUDGRU3&HTXHFRUUHVSRQGHjSUy[LPDLQVWUXomRD
VHUH[HFXWDGD
V YH]HV p QHFHVViULR PRGLILFDU R SRQWR GH FRQWLQXDomR GD H[HFXomR GH XP
SURJUDPD GXUDQWH XP WHVWH ,VWR FRUUHVSRQGH D XPD PXGDQoD GD SRVLomR GR
FXUVRUHSRGHVHUFRQVHJXLGRFRPXPGXSORFOLTXHVREUHRHQGHUHoRGHVHMDGR
QDMDQHOD3URJUDPD
%UHDNSRLQWV
8P FOLTXH FRP R ERWmR HVTXHUGR GR PRXVH j HVTXHUGD GH XPD OLQKD GH
SURJUDPDFULDXPEUHDNSRLQWQHVVDOLQKD$FRUGDOLQKDPXGDSDUDYHUPHOKR
SDUD LQGLFDU D SUHVHQoD GR EUHDNSRLQW $ SDVVDJHP SRU XP EUHDNSRLQW
LQWHUURPSH D H[HFXomR GR SURJUDPD ,VWR SHUPLWH H[HFXWDU XP SURJUDPD DWp
TXHVHDWLQMDXPGHWHUPLQDGRSRQWRHHQWmRSDUDUSDUDH[DPLQDUHPGHWDOKHR
TXH DFRQWHFH 3RU LVVR RV EUHDNSRLQWV VmR GH JUDQGH XWLOLGDGH QR WHVWH H QD
GHSXUDomR 3RGH KDYHU DWp EUHDNSRLQWV DWLYRV VLPXOWDQHDPHQWH 3DUD
UHPRYHU XP EUHDNSRLQW EDVWD FOLFDU QRYDPHQWH j HVTXHUGD GD OLQKD 3DUD
UHPRYHUWRGRVRVEUHDNSRLQWVVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHFOLTXHQRERWmR
5HPRYHUEUHDNSRLQWV

([HFXomRGHXPSURJUDPD
2FRQWUROHGDH[HFXomRGHXPSURJUDPDpIHLWRDWUDYpVGRVVHJXLQWHVERW}HV
([HFXWDUH[HFXWDRSURJUDPDDSDUWLUGDSRVLomRGRFXUVRU
3DUDULQWHUURPSHDH[HFXomRH
([HFXWDUSDVVRDSDVVRH[HFXWDXPDLQVWUXomRGHFDGDYH]
$WXDOL]DomRGDMDQHOD
$H[HFXomRGHXPSURJUDPDSRGHPRGLILFDURFRQWH~GRGDPHPyULD4XDQGR
DFRQWHFHXPDPRGLILFDomRHPXPHQGHUHoRTXHHVWiVHQGRPRVWUDGRQDMDQHOD
GH SURJUDPD D GHFRGLILFDomR GDV LQVWUXo}HV DIHWDGDV SUHFLVD VHU DWXDOL]DGD
(VWD DWXDOL]DomR p IHLWD DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH FDGD YH] TXH D H[HFXomR SiUD H
QRUPDOPHQWHQmRpIHLWDGXUDQWHDH[HFXomR1RHQWDQWRpSRVVtYHOID]HUFRP
TXHHVWDDWXDOL]DomRDFRQWHoDWDPEpPGXUDQWHDH[HFXomRFOLFDQGRHP
$WXDOL]DUGXUDQWHH[HFXomR
2FDPSR0RVWUDUDWp
(PSULQFtSLRDMDQHOD3URJUDPDSRGHULDPRVWUDUVHPSUHWRGDDPHPyULD5$0
VLPXODGD,VWRFULDULDSRUpPXPFHUWRGHVFRQIRUWRQDXWLOL]DomRGDVXDEDUUD
GHURODJHPSRLVEDVWDULDXPSHTXHQRGHVORFDPHQWRGRFXUVRUSDUDFDXVDUXP
VDOWR GH XP JUDQGH Q~PHUR GH OLQKDV GH SURJUDPD $R PHVPR WHPSR
JHUDOPHQWHVHWUDEDOKDFRPSURJUDPDVFXUWRVGHPDQHLUDTXHTXDVHQXQFDp
LPSRUWDQWHYLVXDOL]DUDPHPyULDWRGDDWUDYpVGHVWDMDQHOD
$ILPGHHYLWDUHVVHGHVFRQIRUWRDMDQHOD3URJUDPDPRVWUDSRUGHIDXOWDSHQDV
RV HQGHUHoRV FRUUHVSRQGHQWHV DR DUTXLYR FDUUHJDGR 2 ~OWLPR HQGHUHoR TXH
SRGH VHU YLVXDOL]DGR QHVWD MDQHOD DSDUHFH QR FDPSR 0RVWUDU DWp TXH SRGH
VHUDOWHUDGRSHORXVXiULRSDUDPRGLILFDURWDPDQKRGD UHJLmR PRVWUDGD 6H R
HQGHUHoRFRORFDGRHP0RVWUDUDWpQmRFRUUHVSRQGHUDR~OWLPRE\WHGHXPD
LQVWUXomRHQWmRDYLVXDOL]DomRSiUDQD~OWLPDLQVWUXomRTXHSRGHVHUPRVWUDGD
SRULQWHLUR
(QTXDQWRQmRKiSURJUDPDFDUUHJDGRVmRPRVWUDGRVRVSULPHLURVE\WHVGD
PHPyULD
2$EDFXV

$MDQHOD3URJUDPDHPPRGRDVVHPEOHU
$ H[HFXomR GH SURJUDPDV QmR p SHUPLWLGD QR PRGR DVVHPEOHU 3RU LVVR RV
ERW}HVGHVFULWRVDFLPDQmRVmRYLVtYHLV1ROXJDUGHOHVDSDUHFHPGRLVRXWURV
~WHLVSDUDDMXGDUQDHGLomRGHSURJUDPDV
,QVHULUXPE\WHLQVHUHXPE\WHLJXDODQDSRVLomRGRFXUVRU
5HPRYHUXPE\WHUHPRYHRSULPHLURE\WHGDOLQKDGRFXUVRU
$MDQHOD3URFHVVDGRU
(VWDMDQHODPRVWUDGDQDILJXUDSHUPLWHYLVXDOL]DURHVWDGRGRSURFHVVDGRU
(VWmR SUHVHQWHV RV UHJLVWUDGRUHV H IODJV DOpP GRV ELWV GD PiVFDUD GH
LQWHUUXSo}HV2VYDORUHVGHWRGRVRVUHJLVWUDGRUHVVmR KH[DGHFLPDLV 2 YDORU
GHFLPDO FRUUHVSRQGHQWH DRV UHJLVWUDGRUHV GH $ DWp / SRGH VHU YLVXDOL]DGR
UDSLGDPHQWH EDVWDQGR SDUD LVVR PDQWHU R FXUVRU GR PRXVH HP UHSRXVR SRU
DOJXQVLQVWDQWHVVREUHRYDORUKH[DGHFLPDO
)LJ$MDQHOD3URFHVVDGRU
$MDQHODFRQWDDLQGDFRPRVVHJXLQWHVERW}HV
5HVHWFDXVDXPUHVHWGRSURFHVVDGRU
567VROLFLWDomRGDLQWHUUXSomR
75$3VROLFLWDomRGDLQWHUUXSomRWUDS

3DUDHVFODUHFHUG~YLGDVVREUHRVHOHPHQWRVGHVWDMDQHODFRQVXOWHRVFDStWXORV
GDSDUWHWHyULFDTXHWUDWDPGR2VUHJLVWUDGRUHVHIODJVTXHDSDUHFHPQD
MDQHOD FRUUHVSRQGHP DR PRGHOR GH SURJUDPDomR 2 FDStWXOR WUD] DLQGD
DOJXQVGHWDOKHVDGLFLRQDLVVREUHRIXQFLRQDPHQWR GRV ERW}HV UHODFLRQDGRV jV
LQWHUUXSo}HV
$MDQHOD0HPyULD
(VWDMDQHODPRVWUDGDQDILJXUDSHUPLWHYLVXDOL]DUHPRGLILFDURFRQWH~GR
GHTXDOTXHUE\WHGDPHPyULD5$0VLPXODGDSHOR$EDFXV
)LJ$MDQHOD0HPyULD
6HJXLGRUHVGHSRQWHLURV
2V ERW}HV GD EDUUD GH IHUUDPHQWDV GHVWD MDQHOD DWLYDP XP PHFDQLVPR TXH
SHUPLWH DFRPSDQKDU SURJUDPDV TXH WUDEDOKDP FRP HQGHUHoDPHQWR LQGLUHWR
SRUH[HPSORFRPYDUUHGXUDGHWDEHODV1HVWHVFDVRVXPSDUGHUHJLVWUDGRUHV
FRQWpPXPHQGHUHoRGHPHPyULDHGL]VHHQWmRTXHHVWHSDUGHUHJLVWUDGRUHV
DSRQWDSDUDRE\WHTXHHVWiQHVVHHQGHUHoR4XDQGRXPGRVERW}HV
6HJXLU%&
6HJXLU'(RX
6HJXLU+/
pDWLYDGRRE\WHHQGHUHoDGRpGHVWDFDGR'HVWDIRUPDXPSURJUDPDTXHYDULH
XPGHVVHVHQGHUHoRVSDUDDFHVVDUWDEHODVGDGRVGHIRUPDLQGLUHWDSURGX]XP
HIHLWRGHDQLPDomRTXHSHUPLWHFRPSUHHQGHUPHOKRUVHXIXQFLRQDPHQWR
2$EDFXV

'HIRUPDDQiORJDRERWmR
6HJXLU63
GHVWDFD R E\WH TXH HVWi QR WRSR GD SLOKD 2V E\WHV VmR GHVWDFDGRV HP FRUHV
GLIHUHQWHVSDUDHYLWDUFRQIXVmRTXDQGRPDLVGHXPERWmRHVWiDWLYR
$MDQHOD'LVSOD\
2$EDFXVLQFOXLXPGLVSOD\TXHSRGHVHUXWLOL]DGRFRPRGLVSRVLWLYRGHVDtGDH
p PRVWUDGR QD ILJXUD 6XD XWLOL]DomR p IHLWD DWUDYpV GH VXEURWLQDV
VLPXODGDVHP520H[SOLFDGDVQRFDStWXOR
)LJ$MDQHOD'LVSOD\
$MDQHOD/HGV
(VWD MDQHOD VLPXOD XP FRQMXQWR GH RLWR OHGV GLVSRVWRV KRUL]RQWDOPHQWH
FRQIRUPH D ILJXUD 2 OHG PDLV j HVTXHUGD FRUUHVSRQGH DR ELW PDLV
VLJQLILFDWLYR GH XPD SRUWD GH VDtGD TXH TXDQGR UHFHEH XP E\WH GH XP
SURJUDPDID]DFHQGHURVOHGVQDVSRVLo}HVFXMRVELWVIRUHPLJXDLVD
2FDStWXORGiPDLVGHWDOKHVVREUHFRPRWUDEDOKDUFRPRVOHGV
)LJ$MDQHOD/HGV
$MDQHOD&KDYHV
(VWD MDQHOD VLPXOD XP FRQMXQWR GH FKDYHV PRVWUDGDV QD ILJXUD (VWDV
FKDYHVSRGHPVHUOLGDVDSDUWLUGHXPDSRUWDGHHQWUDGD2SURFHVVDGRUOrXP
E\WH GHVVD SRUWD FXMRV ELWV HVWDUmR HP RX FRQIRUPH DV FKDYHV HVWHMDP
DEHUWDVRXIHFKDGDVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH$FKDYHPDLVjHVTXHUGDFRUUHVSRQGHDR
ELWPDLVVLJQLILFDWLYR

'HWDOKHVVREUHFRPRWUDEDOKDUFRPDVFKDYHVVmRGDGRVQRFDStWXOR
)LJ$MDQHOD&KDYHV
$MDQHOD$VVHPEOHU
2PRGRDVVHPEOHUpDWLYDGRDWUDYpVGRERWmR
([LELUDVVHPEOHU
GDEDUUDGHIHUUDPHQWDVGDMDQHODSULQFLSDOGR$EDFXV1HVWHPRGRDVMDQHODV
3URFHVVDGRU /HGV 'LVSOD\ H &KDYHV GmR OXJDU j MDQHOD $EDFXV $VVHPEOHU
PRVWUDGDQDILJXUD
)LJ2$VVHPEOHUGR$EDFXV
$HGLomRGHSURJUDPDVSRGHHQWmRVHUIHLWDVHOHFLRQDQGRVHFRPRPRXVHDV
LQVWUXo}HV GHVHMDGDV 4XDQGR VH VHOHFLRQD XPD LQVWUXomR R RSFRGH
FRUUHVSRQGHQWHpFRORFDGRQDPHPyULDHDVMDQHODV3URJUDPDH0HPyULDVmR
DWXDOL]DGDVGHDFRUGR
,QVWUXo}HV HP TXH p SUHFLVR HVFROKHU XP UHJLVWUDGRU FRPR SRU H[HPSOR
$1$UHJ!DEUHPDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHXPSHTXHQRPHQXFRPRRTXHDSDUHFH
QD ILJXUD DQWHULRU ,QVWUXo}HV TXH SUHFLVDP GH DUJXPHQWRV QXPpULFRV FRPR
SRUH[HPSOR-03HQGHUHoR!FRORFDPQDPHPyULDDSHQDVRRSFRGHRVE\WHV
TXHIRUPDPRHQGHUHoRSRGHPHQWmRVHULQWURGX]LGRVDWUDYpVGRWHFODGR
3URJUDPDVHGLWDGRVGHVWDIRUPDSRGHPVHUVDOYRVHPGLVFRFRQIRUPHGHVFULWR
QDVHomR
2$EDFXV

2VPHQXV
$ LQWHUIDFH GR $EDFXV FRQWD DLQGD FRP RV VHJXLQWHV PHQXV GHVFULWRV HP
GHWDOKHDVHJXLU
$UTXLYR
)HUUDPHQWDV
2So}HV
$MXGD
2PHQX$UTXLYR
2PHQX$UTXLYRGR$EDFXVDEULJDRVVHJXLQWHVLWHQV
$EULU
3HUPLWHDEULUDUTXLYRVH[LVWHQWHV2VDUTXLYRVXWLOL]DGRVGHYHPWHUDH[WHQVmR
KH[HRIRUPDWRGHVFULWRQDVHomR2QRPHGRSURJUDPDDEHUWRDSDUHFH
QD EDUUD GH WtWXOR GD MDQHOD 3URJUDPD 2 PHVPR HIHLWR SRGH VHU FRQVHJXLGR
FOLFDQGRVHRERWmR
$EULUDUTXLYR
GDEDUUDGHIHUUDPHQWDVSULQFLSDOGR$EDFXV
5HFDUUHJDU
&DUUHJDQRYDPHQWHR~OWLPRDUTXLYRDEHUWR(VWDRSomRpEDVWDQWH~WLOGXUDQWH
R WHVWH H D GHSXUDomR GH SURJUDPDV HP TXH PXLWDV YH]HV VH FKHJD D XPD
VLWXDomR HP TXH VH GHVHMD UHFRPHoDU R WHVWH GR LQtFLR GLVSHQVDQGR TXDOTXHU
PRGLILFDomRIHLWD$PDQHLUDPDLVVHJXUDGHID]HULVWRpUHFDUUHJDURSURJUDPD
2PHVPRHIHLWRSRGHVHUFRQVHJXLGRFOLFDQGRVHRERWmR
5HFDUUHJDUDUTXLYR
6DOYDU
6DOYD R SURJUDPD DWXDO FRP R PHVPR QRPH FRP R TXDO IRL FDUUHJDGR 3RU
SURJUDPD DWXDO HQWHQGHVH R FRQWH~GR GD IDL[D GH PHPyULD YLVtYHO QD MDQHOD
3URJUDPD GR LQtFLR GD 5$0 DWp R HQGHUHoR FRQWLGR HP 0RVWUDU DWp 2
PHVPRHIHLWRSRGHVHUFRQVHJXLGRFOLFDQGRVHRERWmR

6DOYDU
6DOYDUFRPR
6HPHOKDQWHDRLWHPDQWHULRU6DOYDRSURJUDPDDWXDOFRPXPQRPHTXHSRGH
VHUHVFROKLGRSHORXVXiULR2PHVPRHIHLWRSRGHVHUFRQVHJXLGRFOLFDQGRVHR
ERWmR
6DOYDUFRPR
6DLU
(QFHUUDR$EDFXV
2PHQX)HUUDPHQWDV
(VWHPHQXWHPDSHQDVRLWHP
$VVHPEOHU
TXHWHPDPHVPDIXQFLRQDOLGDGHGRERWmR
([LELUDVVHPEOHU
GHVFULWRQDVHomR
2PHQX2So}HV
(VWHPHQXDEULJDRVVHJXLQWHVLWHQV
6XEURWLQDVHP520
(VWHLWHPOHYDjFDL[DGHGLiORJRPRVWUDGDQDILJXUD
2$EDFXV

)LJ$FDL[DGHGLiORJR6XEURWLQDV
2 $EDFXV LQFOXL DOJXPDV VXEURWLQDV VLPXODGDV HP 520 FXMRV HQGHUHoRV
LQLFLDLV SRGHP VHU PRGLILFDGRV SHOR XVXiULR $ IDFLOLGDGH GH PRGLILFDU HVWHV
HQGHUHoRVH[LVWHDSHQDVSDUDRVFDVRVHPTXHVHGHVHMHXWLOL]DUR$EDFXVSDUD
VLPXODUDH[HFXomRGHSURJUDPDVHPXPKDUGZDUHHVSHFtILFRFRPVXEURWLQDV
DQiORJDVPDVORFDOL]DGDVHPHQGHUHoRVGLIHUHQWHV
$V OLVWDJHQV FRQWLGDV QHVWH OLYUR XWLOL]DP VHPSUH RV HQGHUHoRV GHIDXOW H SRU
LVVR QmR p QHFHVViULR PRGLILFDU HVWDV FRQILJXUDo}HV &DVR LVVR VHMD IHLWR RV
YDORUHVGHIDXOWSRGHPVHUUHFXSHUDGRVDWUDYpVGRERWmR5HVWDXUDU
'HVYLRVGHWUDWDGRUHVSDUD5$0
)LJ$FDL[DGHGLiORJR7UDWDGRUHV
2V HQGHUHoRV GH GHVYLR GDV LQWHUUXSo}HV GR SURFHVVDGRU QmR
FRUUHVSRQGHPjUHJLmRGHPHPyULD5$0VLPXODGDSHOR$EDFXV,VWRpSRXFR
SUiWLFRSRLVSDUDXWLOL]DUDVLQWHUUXSo}HVpSUHFLVRSRGHUPRGLILFDURFRQWH~GR
GDPHPyULDQHVVHVHQGHUHoRV3DUDFRQWRUQDUHVWHSUREOHPDR$EDFXVSHUPLWH
UHSURJUDPDU RV GHVYLRV 2 SURJUDPD VH FRPSRUWD HQWmR FRPR VH KRXYHVVH
QRV HQGHUHoRV GH GHVYLR GR SURFHVVDGRU LQVWUXo}HV -03 SDUD RV QRYRV
HQGHUHoRVHP5$0

2VYDORUHVGHIDXOWVmRXWLOL]DGRVDRORQJRGROLYURHQmRSUHFLVDPVHUDOWHUDGRV
SDUDDUHDOL]DomRGRVH[HUFtFLRV&DVRVHMDPSRGHPVHPSUHVHUUHFXSHUDGRVD
SDUWLUGRERWmR5HVWDXUDU
'HVYLRVGDVLQVWUXo}HV567
)LJ'HVYLRVGDVLQVWUXo}HV567
'D PHVPD IRUPD FRPR QR FDVR GDV LQWHUUXSo}HV DFLPD DV LQVWUXo}HV 567
GHVYLDP R SURFHVVDPHQWR GR SURJUDPD SDUD IRUD GD UHJLmR GH PHPyULD
VLPXODGDSHOR$EDFXV3DUDFRQWRUQDUHVWHSUREOHPDHVVHVGHVYLRVSRGHPVHU
UHSURJUDPDGRV 2 SURJUDPD VH FRPSRUWD HQWmR FRPR VH KRXYHVVH QDTXHOHV
HQGHUHoRVLQVWUXo}HV-03SDUDRVQRYRVHQGHUHoRVHP5$0
2V YDORUHV GHIDXOW SRGHP VHU VHPSUH UHFXSHUDGRV D SDUWLU GR ERWmR
5HVWDXUDU
2PHQX$MXGD
(VWHPHQXWHPRVVHJXLQWHVLWHQV
'HVFULomRGR$EDFXV
'iXPDSHTXHQDGHVFULomRGRSURJUDPDHH[SOLFDVXDUHODomRFRPHVWHOLYUR
6REUHR$EDFXV
7HPLQIRUPDo}HVVREUHDYHUVmRGRSURJUDPDHDHTXLSHTXHWUDEDOKRXQRVHX
GHVHQYROYLPHQWR
2$EDFXV

&RGLILFDomRGHLQVWUXo}HVGR
2SULPHLURSDVVRQRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHXPSURJUDPDGHYHVHUVHPSUHXPD
HWDSDGHSODQHMDPHQWRFXMRREMHWLYRpHVFODUHFHURTXHRSURJUDPDGHYHID]HU
6RPHQWHGHSRLVGHYHVHSDVVDUDRGHWDOKDPHQWRHWDSDHPTXHVHGHFLGHFRPR
DVFRLVDVVHUmRIHLWDV(VWDHWDSDLQFOXLDHODERUDomRGRFyGLJRTXHFRQVLVWHHP
HVFROKHUDVLQVWUXo}HVDVHUHPXWLOL]DGDVHGLVS{ODVHPXPDVHTrQFLDWDOTXH
SURGX]DPRUHVXOWDGRGHVHMDGR
3DUDRSURFHVVDGRUFDGDLQVWUXomRFRQVLVWHGHXPRXPDLVQ~PHURVELQiULRV
TXHVmROLGRVLQWHUSUHWDGRVHH[HFXWDGRV1RHQWDQWRSDUDRVVHUHVKXPDQRV
p GLItFLO SHQVDU HP WHUPRV GHVVHV Q~PHURV 3RU LVVR RV IDEULFDQWHV GH
PLFURSURFHVVDGRUHV DVVRFLDP D FDGD LQVWUXomR XP PQHP{QLFR TXH p XPD
HVSpFLH GH DEUHYLDWXUD GR TXH D LQVWUXomR ID] 3RGHVH HQWmR XWLOL]DU RV
PQHP{QLFRVSDUDHVFUHYHUXPSURJUDPDHPYH]GHWHUTXHOLGDUGLUHWDPHQWH
FRPRVQ~PHURVELQiULRV
6XSRQKD SRU H[HPSOR TXH XP FHUWR SURJUDPD DUPD]HQD QD SRVLomR +
GD PHPyULD XP YDORU TXH GHVHMDPRV LQFUHPHQWDU 3RGHUtDPRV XVDU D
VHTrQFLD
LDA 2015H
INR A
STA 2015H
; Traz o contedo do byte 2015H para A

; A = A + 1
; Escreve A no byte de endereo 2015H
3DUD TXH R SURFHVVDGRU SRVVD HQWHQGHU R SURJUDPD DFLPD DV LQVWUXo}HV

GHYHPVHUWUDGX]LGDVSDUDRFyGLJRELQiULRTXHOKHVFRUUHVSRQGH$WUDGXomRp
IHLWD GH DFRUGR FRP DV HVSHFLILFDo}HV GR IDEULFDQWH GDGDV SHOD WDEHOD GH
LQVWUXo}HVGRPLFURSURFHVVDGRUYDQH[RH>,17(@
2VFyGLJRVFRUUHVSRQGHQWHVjVLQVWUXo}HVGRH[HPSORHPKH[DGHFLPDOVmR
3A 15 20
3C
32 15 20
; Codificao de LDA 2015H

; Idem, INR A
; Idem, STA 2015H
e LQWHUHVVDQWH QRWDU TXH RV E\WHV GR HQGHUHoR + VmR FRGLILFDGRV HP
RUGHPLQYHUVDSULPHLUR+GHSRLV+(VWDpXPDFRQYHQomRVHJXLGDSRU
WRGRVRVSURFHVVDGRUHVGD,QWHORDUPD]HQDPHQWRGHYDORUHVGHPDLVGHXP
E\WHpIHLWRGHPRGRTXHRE\WHPHQRVVLJQLILFDWLYRILTXHQRHQGHUHoRPHQRU
HRE\WHPDLVVLJQLILFDWLYRQRPDLRU
7HUPLQDGD D WUDGXomR SRGHPRV WRPDU RV FyGLJRV KH[DGHFLPDLV REWLGRV H
FRORFiORV QD PHPyULD GR FRPSXWDGRU SDUD TXH R SURJUDPD SRVVD VHU
H[HFXWDGR1HVWHSRQWRpQHFHVViULRHVFROKHURHQGHUHoRDSDUWLUGRTXDOHVVHV
E\WHVVHUmRHVFULWRVQDPHPyULDGHSURJUDPD3RUH[HPSORVHGHVHMDUPRVTXH

RSURJUDPDLQLFLHQDSRVLomRGHPHPyULD+HQWmRRVHQGHUHoRVILFDUmR
DVVLP
2000H
2003H
2004H
3A 15 20
3C
32 15 20
; Codificao de LDA 2015H

; Idem, INR A
; Idem, STA 2015H
2 SURJUDPD WHUi DR WRGR E\WHV H RFXSDUi DV SRVLo}HV GH + D +
LQFOXVLYH e LPSRUWDQWH QRWDU TXH QmR VH GHYH FKHJDU DWp D SRVLomR +
SRLVHVWDpXWLOL]DGDFRPRDYDULiYHOTXHHVWiVHQGRLQFUHPHQWDGD
)LQDOPHQWHDSRVLomR+WHULDTXHVHULQLFLDOL]DGDFRPDOJXPYDORUSDUD
SRGHUPRV WHVWDU R SURJUDPD (VWH YDORU SRGHULD VHU SRU H[HPSOR + H VH
GHSRLVGHH[HFXWDURSURJUDPDYHULILFDUPRVQRYDPHQWHRYDORUGHVVDSRVLomR
GHYHUtDPRVHQFRQWUDU+
2VRSFRGHVDFLPDSRGHPVHUFRORFDGRVQDPHPyULDGR$EDFXVSDUDH[HFXWDU
RSURJUDPDYHMDRH[HUFtFLRGDVHomR
2DVVHPEOHUGR$EDFXV
1RH[HPSORDQWHULRUTXHWHPDSHQDVWUrVLQVWUXo}HVpSHUIHLWDPHQWHSRVVtYHO
ID]HUDWUDGXomRGRVPQHP{QLFRVSDUDRV RSFRGHV PDQXDOPHQWH 7DPEpP D
LQLFLDOL]DomRGDYDULiYHOXWLOL]DGDpXPDWDUHIDVLPSOHVSRLVWUDWDVHGHDSHQDV
XP E\WH 1R HQWDQWR SDUD SURJUDPDV PDLRUHV HVWH PpWRGR VHULD PXLWR
LQHILFLHQWH
2DVVHPEOHUGR$EDFXVSRGHDMXGDUDUHVROYHUHVWHSUREOHPDPDVDSHQDVVH
RV SURJUDPDV IRUHP SHTXHQRV (PERUD HVWH DVVHPEOHU SHUPLWD FULDU HP
SULQFtSLR TXDOTXHU SURJUDPD TXH FDLED QD PHPyULD HOH WHP OLPLWDo}HV TXH
WRUQDPVHXXVRSRXFR LQWHUHVVDQWH SDUD GHVHQYROYHU SURJUDPDV JUDQGHV 8P
GRV SUREOHPDV p TXH HPERUD RV SURJUDPDV FULDGRV QR $EDFXV SRVVDP VHU
VDOYRVHPIRUPDWRKH[QmRH[LVWHXPDOLVWDJHPFRPFRPHQWiULRVTXHSRVVD
VHULPSUHVVDJXDUGDGDRXDQDOLVDGD,VVRWHPXPLPSDFWRLQDFHLWiYHOVREUHD
GRFXPHQWDomR TXH p HVVHQFLDO HP SURMHWRV PDLRUHV 2XWUD GHVYDQWDJHP
LPSRUWDQWH p TXH QmR p SRVVtYHO GLYLGLU XP SURJUDPD HP YiULRV PyGXORV R
TXHpHVVHQFLDOSDUDTXHVHSRVVDWUDEDOKDUHPHTXLSH
3DUD VXSHUDU HVWH WLSR GH OLPLWDomR WUDEDOKDVH HP SURMHWRV PDLRUHV FRP
IHUUDPHQWDV GH VRIWZDUH TXH GmR VXSRUWH DR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH QRYRV
SURJUDPDVFRPRDVDSUHVHQWDGDVQRFDStWXOR2DVVHPEOHUGR$EDFXVGHYH
VHU YLVWR SRUWDQWR FRPR XPD IHUUDPHQWD ~WLO SDUD HVWXGDU H ID]HU SHTXHQRV
WHVWHVFRPDJLOLGDGHPDVQmRFRPRXPDDOWHUQDWLYDSDUDRVUHFXUVRVGHVFULWRV
DGLDQWH
2$EDFXV

([HUFtFLRV
,QWURGX]DRVYDORUHVKH[DGHFLPDLVGRSURJUDPDGDVHomRQDPHPyULD
GR $EDFXV D SDUWLU GR HQGHUHoR + ([HFXWH DV LQVWUXo}HV SDVVR D
SDVVRDFRPSDQKDQGRRTXHDFRQWHFHQRSURFHVVDGRUHQDPHPyULD
,QLFLHR$EDFXVHDWLYHDMDQHOD$EDFXV$VVHPEOHUFOLFDQGRQRERWmR
([LELUDVVHPEOHU
,QWURGX]DQRYDPHQWHRSURJUDPDGDVHomRVHOHFLRQDQGRDVLQVWUXo}HV
QDMDQHODGHPQHP{QLFRV1RWHTXHDJRUDQmRpSUHFLVRUHFRUUHUjWDEHODGH
LQVWUXo}HV SDUD GHVFREULU RV RSFRGHV GH FDGD LQVWUXomR (VWD WDUHID IRL
UHVROYLGDSHOR$EDFXVHYRFrS{GHVHFRQFHQWUDUDSHQDVQRVPQHP{QLFRV
0RGLILTXHRSURJUDPDDQWHULRUSDUDTXHRFRQWH~GRGDSRVLomRGHPHPyULD
VHMDGHFUHPHQWDGRGHXPDXQLGDGH
(VFUHYD XP SURJUDPD TXH VRPH RV E\WHV + H + GD PHPyULD H
DUPD]HQHRUHVXOWDGRGHVVDVRPDQRHQGHUHoR+
'LFDOHLDRSULPHLURE\WHDVHUVRPDGRSDUDRDFXPXODGRUFRPR
QRV H[HUFtFLRV DQWHULRUHV 'HSRLV JXDUGH HVWH YDORU QXP RXWUR
UHJLVWUDGRUXWLOL]DQGRDLQVWUXomR029YDQH[RH>,17(@
(PVHJXLGDOHLDRVHJXQGRRSHUDQGRGDVRPDUHDOL]HDRSHUDomR
FRPDLQVWUXomR$''HJXDUGHRUHVXOWDGR
2SURJUDPDGRH[HUFtFLRVyIXQFLRQDFRUUHWDPHQWHVHDVRPDQmRSDVVDU
GH))+6HKRXYHUXPYDLHVWHQmRpUHJLVWUDGR&RUULMDHVWDVLWXDomR
DOWHUDQGR R SURJUDPD GH IRUPD TXH R UHVXOWDGR SDVVH D RFXSDU RV E\WHV
+ H + /HPEUHVH GH TXH R E\WH PDLV VLJQLILFDWLYR GR UHVXOWDGR
GHYHVHURGHHQGHUHoRPDLVDOWRHIDoDRLJXDOD]HURVHQmRKRXYHYDL
HLJXDODHPFDVRFRQWUiULR3DUDGHVFREULU VH Ki YDL RX QmR YHMD D
GHVFULomRGDVLQVWUXo}HV-&H-1&

)HUUDPHQWDVGH
GHVHQYROYLPHQWR
(VWHFDStWXORDSUHVHQWDIHUUDPHQWDVVLPSOHVGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHSURJUDPDV
SDUD R TXH SRGHP VHU XWLOL]DGDV SDUD FULDU RV SURJUDPDV XWLOL]DGRV HP
WRGRVRVH[HPSORVGROLYURSDUDHVWHSURFHVVDGRU0DLVLPSRUWDQWHSRUpPGR
TXH DSUHQGHU RV GHWDOKHV GH XWLOL]DomR GHVVDV IHUUDPHQWDV p FRPSUHHQGHU DV
UD]}HVGDVXDH[LVWrQFLDHRVHXSDSHOQR SURFHVVR GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR SRLV
HVWHFRQKHFLPHQWRpGHFDUiWHUJHUDOHYiOLGRSDUDWRGRVRVSURFHVVDGRUHV
2SDSHOGRDVVHPEOHU
&RQIRUPH H[SRVWR QR FDStWXOR H[LVWHP IHUUDPHQWDV GH VRIWZDUH RV
DVVHPEOHUVTXHID]HPRWUDEDOKRGHWUDGXomRGHXPDUTXLYRWH[WRFRQWHQGR
PQHP{QLFRV SDUD XP DUTXLYRREMHWR FRQWHQGR RSFRGHV 3DUD TXH LVVR VHMD
SRVVtYHO R DUTXLYRIRQWH WHP TXH REHGHFHU D FHUWDV FRQYHQo}HV TXH
GHWHUPLQDP D HVWUXWXUD GRV SURJUDPDV HVFULWRV HP OLQJXDJHP $VVHPEO\ 2
REMHWLYRGHVWDVHomRpDSUHVHQWDUDOJXQVGHWDOKHVVREUHHVVDHVWUXWXUDHOHYDU
FRPLVVRDXPDPHOKRUFRPSUHHQVmRGRSDSHOGRDVVHPEOHU
$OLVWDJHPDVHJXLUPRVWUDFRPRILFDULDRSURJUDPDGRH[HPSORGDVHomR
TXDQGRHVFULWRFRPRDUTXLYRIRQWHSDUDRDVVHPEOHUGR
COUNT
ORG 2000H
LDA COUNT
INR A
STA COUNT
ORG 2015H
DB 00H
END
;
;
;
;
;
;
Codificar a partir de 2000H

Codificao de LDA 2015H
Idem, INR A
Idem, STA 2015H
Codificar a partir de 2015H
Cria varivel com valor inicial 00H

$SULPHLUDOLQKDLQGLFDDRDVVHPEOHUTXHRFyGLJRLQLFLDQRHQGHUHoR+
&RP LVVR R DVVHPEOHU WHP FRPR GHWHUPLQDU RV HQGHUHoRV GH WRGDV DV
LQVWUXo}HVVHJXLQWHV
$VOLQKDVVHJXLQWHVFRQWrPRVPQHP{QLFRVHJHUDPRFyGLJRFRUUHVSRQGHQWH
D FDGD XP GHOHV 0DLV DGLDQWH YHP XPD VHJXQGD GLUHWLYD 25* TXH GL] DR
DVVHPEOHU TXH WXGR TXH IRU JHUDGR GDOL HP GLDQWH GHYH LQLFLDU QD SRVLomR
+eRFDVRGDGLUHWLYD
COUNT
DB 00H,
TXHGL]DRDVVHPEOHUSDUDUHVHUYDUE\WH QR HQGHUHoR GH PHPyULD + H

HVWDEHOHFHDRPHVPRWHPSRXPVLQ{QLPRSDUDHVWHHQGHUHoR TXH SRGH VHU
XWLOL]DGRQRSURJUDPDFRPRQDVOLQKDVLDA COUNTHSTA COUNT
2VtPEROR COUNT,QRH[HPSORDFLPDpRTXHVHFKDPDGHXPODEHOHWLTXHWD
UyWXOR2VODEHOVH[LVWHPFRPDILQDOLGDGHGHSRXSDURSURJUDPDGRUGRFiOFXOR
GH HQGHUHoRV SDUD FRORFDU QDV LQVWUXo}HV 3RU H[HPSOR VH GHSRLV GR E\WH
COUNTIRVVHPGHILQLGRVRXWURVDVVLP
TABELA
FLAG
DB 00H, 01H, 02H, 03H, 04H, 05H

DB 01H
HQWmR R VtPEROR TABELA VHULD XP VLQ{QLPR SDUD RV YDORUHV + TXH p R
HQGHUHoR GR SULPHLUR E\WH GD WDEHOD &RQVHTHQWHPHQWH RV GHPDLV E\WHV GD
WDEHOD RFXSDULDP DV SRVLo}HV + D %+ H R VtPEROR FLAG VHULD XP
VLQ{QLPRSDUDRYDORU&+,VVRpPXLWR~WLOSULQFLSDOPHQWHQRVFDVRVHP
TXH VH GHFLGH PXGDU DOJXPD FRLVD GH OXJDU QR SURJUDPD 6H DR LQYpV GH
FRORFDU DV YDULiYHLV D SDUWLU GR HQGHUHoR + FRPR QR H[HPSOR DFLPD
GHFLGtVVHPRVSDVViODVSDUDXPRXWUROXJDUPXGDQGRRDUJXPHQWRGDGLUHWLYD
ORGHQWmRRVODEHOVVHULDPDWXDOL]DGRVDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHSHORDVVHPEOHU&DVR
XViVVHPRV RV HQGHUHoRV GLUHWDPHQWH GHQWUR GDV LQVWUXo}HV WRGR R SURJUDPD
WHULDTXHVHUUHYLVDGRSDUDVHDGDSWDUDRVQRYRVHQGHUHoRV2PHVPRYDOHSDUD
RFDVRGHVHGHFLGLUPXGDURFRPSULPHQWRGDWDEHOD
2V YDORUHV FRORFDGRV DSyV D GLUHWLYD '% VmR LQLFLDOL]DP DV YDULiYHLV (VVHV
YDORUHV VmR FRORFDGRV QR DUTXLYRREMHWR H TXDQGR R SURJUDPD p FDUUHJDGR
SDUDH[HFXomRVmRWUDQVIHULGRVSDUDDPHPyULDMXQWDPHQWHFRPRVFyGLJRVGDV
LQVWUXo}HV1RFDVRGRH[HPSORDFLPDLVWRSRXSDRSURJUDPDGRUGHWHUTXH
LQLFLDOL]DU D YDULiYHO COUNT DQWHV GH WHVWDU R SURJUDPD 1RWH SRUpP TXH DV
YDULiYHLVHPTXHVWmRVyVmRLQLFLDOL]DGDVFDGDYH]TXHRSURJUDPDpWUDQVIHULGR
GRGLVFRSDUDDPHPyULD6HRSURJUDPDIRUH[HFXWDGRDWpXPSRQWRHPTXH
HVVDVYDULiYHLVWHQKDPVLGRDOWHUDGDVHHQWmRH[HFXWDGRQRYDPHQWHGRLQtFLR
RVYDORUHVGDVYDULiYHLVQmRFRUUHVSRQGHUmRPDLVDRVGDLQLFLDOL]DomR3RULVVR
DRHVFUHYHUSURJUDPDVTXHQmRVHMDPDSHQDVH[HPSORVGLGiWLFRVpERDSUiWLFD
LQFOXLUQRLQtFLRLQVWUXo}HVSDUDLQLFLDOL]DUWRGDVDVYDULiYHLV
)HUUDPHQWDVGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWR

4XDOTXHU OLQKD LQFOXVLYH DV GH FyGLJR SRGH LQLFLDU SRU XP ODEHO TXH VHUYH
HQWmRSDUDTXHVHSRVVDUHIHUHQFLiODHPRXWURVSRQWRVGRSURJUDPDFRPRQR
WUHFKRGHFyGLJRVHJXLQWH
LOOP:
MVI
ADD
DCR
JNZ
B,00H
B
C
LOOP
(VWH WUHFKR GH FyGLJR SRGH VHUYLU SDUD ID]HU D PXOWLSOLFDomR GR Q~PHUR
FRQWLGRQRDFXPXODGRUSHORQ~PHURFRQWLGRQRUHJLVWUDGRU&2UHVXOWDGRp
REWLGRHP%TXHUHFHEH&YH]HVRQ~PHURFRQWLGRHP$ 3DUD LVWR R ORRS
IRUPDGR SHODV WUrV ~OWLPDV LQVWUXo}HV WHP TXH VHU UHSHWLGR & YH]HV H D
LQVWUXomR JNZ LOOP GHVYLD R SURFHVVDPHQWR GR SURJUDPD GH YROWD SDUD D
LQVWUXomR ADD BHQTXDQWRRUHJLVWUDGRU&QmRFKHJDUD]HUR3DUDSRGHUID]HU
HVWH GHVYLR D LQVWUXomR SUHFLVD UHFHEHU FRPR DUJXPHQWR R HQGHUHoR GHVVD
LQVWUXomR2XVRGRODEHOLOOPGLVSHQVDRSURJUDPDGRUGHVHSUHRFXSDUFRPR
YDORUGRHQGHUHoR
)LQDOPHQWH R FDUDFWHU SRQWR H YtUJXOD VHUYH SDUD LQLFLDU XP FRPHQWiULR
TXHVHHQFHUUDDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHQRILQDOGDOLQKD4XDOTXHUWH[WRHVFULWRFRPR
FRPHQWiULR QmR WHP LQIOXrQFLD VREUH R FyGLJR JHUDGR H VHUYH DSHQDV FRPR
GRFXPHQWDomR2XVRGHFRPHQWiULRVGHYHVHUIHLWRFRPFXLGDGRSDUDHYLWDUD
SROXLomR YLVXDO GD OLVWDJHP (P JHUDO XP FRPHQWiULR QmR GHYH GL]HU RTXH D
LQVWUXomRID]SRUTXHLVVRpXPDFRLVDTXHQRUPDOPHQWHRSURJUDPDGRUMiVDEH
RXSRGHGHVFREULUPHGLDQWHFRQVXOWDjWDEHODGHLQVWUXo}HVPDVVLPSDUDTXH
HOD HVWi VHUYLQGR QR SRQWR GR SURJUDPD RQGH VH HQFRQWUD 3RU H[HPSOR
HVFUHYHU
LDA 2015H
; carrega acumulador com contedo da

; posio 2015H da memria
pGLIHUHQWHGH
LDA 2015H
; l contagem de peas na esteira
8PDH[FHomRSDUDHVWDUHJUDVmRRVSULPHLURVSURJUDPDVHPTXHFRPHQWiULRV
FRPR R SULPHLUR DFLPD H RV GD VHomR SRGHP DMXGDU D IL[DU DOJXQV
FRQKHFLPHQWRV
8WLOL]DomRGDVIHUUDPHQWDVGHVRIWZDUH
(VWD VHomR DSUHVHQWD DV IHUUDPHQWDV XWLOL]DGDV QDV GLYHUVDV HWDSDV GR
GHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHXPSURJUDPD

(GLomR
1HVWD HWDSD SRGHVH XWLOL]DU TXDOTXHU HGLWRU TXH SHUPLWD JUDYDU DUTXLYRV HP
IRUPDWR WH[WR $6&,, e LPSRUWDQWH OHPEUDU TXH RV HGLWRUHV TXH SHUPLWHP
DFUHVFHQWDU IRUPDWDomR DR WH[WR JHUDOPHQWH DUPD]HQDP HVWD LQIRUPDomR QD
IRUPDGHFDUDFWHUHVQmRYLVtYHLVTXHDWUDSDOKDPRDVVHPEOHUQDKRUDGHOHUR
DUTXLYR3RULVVRpLPSRUWDQWHWHUFHUWH]DGHTXHRDUTXLYRpVDOYRUHDOPHQWH
DSHQDVFRPRWH[WR
2V ODEHOV GHYHP VHPSUH LQLFLDU QD SULPHLUD FROXQD GR DUTXLYRIRQWH H DV
LQVWUXo}HV H GLUHWLYDV QXQFD QD SULPHLUD FROXQD 5HFRPHQGDVH FRORFiODV D
SDUWLUGDFROXQD3DUDWDQWRFRQYpPFRQILJXUDURHGLWRUSDUDTXHXP7$%
FRUUHVSRQGDDHVSDoRV
2DUTXLYRGHYHWHUXPQRPHGHDWpRLWROHWUDVHH[WHQVmRDVPSRUH[HPSOR
/DEDVP
0RQWDJHP
2 DVVHPEOHU XWLOL]DGR QHVWH WH[WR p R ; XP SURJUDPD SDUD R VLVWHPD
RSHUDFLRQDO06'26TXHXVDRDUTXLYRDVPFRPRHQWUDGDHJHUDRVDUTXLYRV
OVWHREMFRQIRUPHPRVWUDDILJXUD
2DUTXLYRFRPH[WHQVmRREMFRQWpPRVFyGLJRVKH[DGHFLPDLVHVHGHVWLQD j
JHUDomRGRDUTXLYRTXH VHUi OLGR SHOR SURFHVVDGRU HQTXDQWR R DUTXLYR OVW p
XPD OLVWDJHP GHVWLQDGD DR SURJUDPDGRU (VWD FRQWpP LQIRUPDo}HV
LPSRUWDQWHV WDLV FRPR RV HQGHUHoRV HP TXH IRUDP FRORFDGDV DV LQVWUXo}HV
YDORUHVGRVVtPERORVHFyGLJRVKH[DGHFLPDLVJHUDGRV
LAB01.LST
LAB01.ASM
X8085
LAB01.OBJ
)LJ2SURFHVVRGHPRQWDJHPDVVHPEO\

2;SRGHVHUFKDPDGRGHGXDVIRUPDV$SULPHLUDPDLVH[WHQVDVROLFLWD
RVSDUkPHWURVQHFHVViULRVGHDFRUGRFRPRTXHVHJXH
&?((/![
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9(56,21D6(5,$/
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$TXLH[LVWHPDVVHJXLQWHVRSo}HV
7,7HUPLQDO
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/3/LQH3ULQWHU
1/1R/LVWLQJ
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(2(UURU2QO\
/,67,1*'5,9("&5!
PRVWUDOLVWDJHPQDWHOD
JHUDOLVWDJHPQXPDUTXLYRHPGLVFR
JHUDOLVWDJHPQDLPSUHVVRUD
VHPOLVWDJHPRSomRGHIDXOW
OLVWDDSHQDVDVGLUHWLYDVGRDVVHPEOHU
JHUDOLVWDJHPDSHQDVVHKRXYHUHUURV
6$0($6287387),/(
2EVHVWDSHUJXQWDQmRDSDUHFHVHQmRIRLVROLFLWDGDDOLVWDJHPHPGLVFR
*(1(5$7(&52665()(5(1&("<1&5!
12
*HUDOLVWDGHUHIHUrQFLDVFUX]DGDV~WLOSDUDGHSXUDUSURJUDPDVJUDQGHV
,1387),/(1$0("QRPHGRDUTXLYRVHPDH[WHQVmRDVP!(QWHU!
287387),/(1$0("(QWHU!
$VHJXQGDIRUPDGHFKDPDUR;pSDVVDUOKHRVSDUkPHWURVQDOLQKDGH
FRPDQGRSRUH[HPSORFRP
&?((/!;''/$%
TXHGL]TXHDR;GHYHSURFXUDURDUTXLYR/DEDVPQRGLUHWyULRDWXDOH
JHUDU D SDUWLU GHVWH R DUTXLYRREMHWR /DEREM H D OLVWDJHP /DEOVW (VWD
GHYH VHU FRORFDGD QR GLVFR QR PHVPR GLUHWyULR RQGH VH HQFRQWUD R
SURJUDPDIRQWH
(P TXDOTXHU GRV FDVRV VH KRXYHU HUURV GH PRQWDJHP p QHFHVViULR YROWDU j
HWDSDGHHGLomRHFRUULJLURSURJUDPD
/LQNDJHP
2 FyGLJR REMHWR SUHFLVD VHU FRORFDGR QXP IRUPDWR TXH SRVVD VHU OLGR SHOR
VLPXODGRU3DUDLVWRXWLOL]DVHXPOLQNHUQRQRVVRFDVRR/,1.TXHWRPDXP
RXPDLVDUTXLYRVREMFRPRHQWUDGDHJHUDXPDUTXLYRKH[
LAB01.OBJ
LINK2
LAB01.HEX
)LJ2SURFHVVRGHOLQNDJHP

2 DUTXLYR KH[ p GR WLSR WH[WR H VHX IRUPDWR p LOXVWUDGR GH DFRUGR FRP R
H[HPSORDVHJXLU
:08 2000 00 3A15203C32152076 50
&KHFNVXP
&yGLJRGRSURJUDPD
H[FHWRQD~OWLPDOLQKD
(QGHUHoRGHFDUJDQDPHPyULD
1~PHUR GH E\WHV GH SURJUDPD
FRQWLGRVQHVWDOLQKD +
/LQKDILQDOGRDUTXLYR
$RFRQWUiULRGR;R/,1.QmRSRGHVHUFKDPDGRFRPSDUkPHWURVQD
OLQKDGHFRPDQGR2VGDGRVGHHQWUDGDGR/,1.SDUDRFDVRGHXP~QLFR
DUTXLYRREMHWRVmR
:00000001FF
,1387),/(1$0(QRPHGRDUTXLYRVHPDH[WHQVmRREM!
/2$'$''5(662))6(7(QWHU!
,1387),/(1$0((QWHU!
287387),/(1$0((QWHU!
([HFXomR
2V DUTXLYRV KH[ JHUDGRV SHOR /,1. SRGHP VHU OLGRV H H[HFXWDGRV QR
$EDFXVFRQIRUPHGHVFULWRQRFDStWXOR
([HPSOR
6HMD D WDUHID GH GHVHQYROYHU XP SURJUDPD TXH LQLFLH OHQGR GD SRVLomR GH
PHPyULD+XPQ~PHURLQWHLUR12V1E\WHVDUPD]HQDGRVDSDUWLUGD
SRVLomR + GHYHP HQWmR VHU VRPDGRV H R UHVXOWDGR GD VRPD TXH SRGH
H[FHGHU ))+ GHYH VHU FRORFDGR QRV HQGHUHoRV + H + VHJXLQGR D
FRQYHQomRGD,QWHOGHDUPD]HQDURE\WHPHQRVVLJQLILFDWLYRQRHQGHUHoRPDLV
EDL[R'HYHVHDLQGDFULDUGDGRVGHWHVWHQRILQDO GR SURJUDPD SDUD IDFLOLWDU
VXDYHULILFDomR
8PLQtFLRGHVROXomRDLQGDFRPSUREOHPDVpGDGRDVHJXLU

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Soma.asm - soma de numeros em hexadecimal
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
ORG 2000H
LDA N
; traz para A o valor de N
MOV C,A
; guarda este valor em C
LXI H,DADOS
; aponta par HL p/ inicio da tabela
MVI B,00H
; inicializa soma
LOOP:
MOV A,M
; le dado apontado por HL
ADD B
; soma acumulada em A
MOV B,A
; e guardada em B
INX H
; par HL aponta para o dado seguinte
DCR C
; um a menos para fazer
JNZ LOOP
; repete ate que C = 0
LXI H,RESULT
; aponta HL p/ inicio do resultado
MOV M,B
; guarda B na memoria
JMP $
; loop infinito, fica parado aqui
ORG 2020H
RESULT DB 00H,00H
N
DB 03H
DADOS
DB 01H,02H,03H,04H,65H,76H,87H,98H,A9H
END
1RWHTXHHVWHSURJUDPDDLQGDDSUHVHQWDRVVHJXLQWHVSUREOHPDV
VH1 VmRVRPDGRVYDORUHV
RUHVXOWDGRHVWiVHQGRFDOFXODGRHPDSHQDVE\WHHILFDLQFRUUHWRVHSDVVDU
GH))+
VH DXPHQWDUPRV R WDPDQKR GR SURJUDPD FRUUHPRV R ULVFR GH XVDU RV
HQGHUHoRVGHPHPyULDGHVWLQDGRVDRVGDGRV
([HUFtFLRV
0RQWHHWHVWHRSURJUDPDDSUHVHQWDGRQRVLPXODGRUFHUWLILFDQGRVHGHTXH
IXQFLRQD $OWHUH R YDORU LQLFLDO GH 1 H YHULILTXH DV PXGDQoDV QR
FRPSRUWDPHQWRGRSURJUDPD
0RGLILTXHRGHPRGRTXHQmRIDoDDVRPDFDVR1VHMDQXOR
'LFDHVWXGHDVLQVWUXo}HV&3,H-=HP>,17(@8VHDLQVWUXomR
&3, DSyV OHU 1 SDUD R DFXPXODGRU D ILP GH GHWHUPLQDU VH VHX
YDORUp]HURHFRORTXHXPDLQVWUXomRGH GHVYLR FRQGLFLRQDO -=
SDUD GHVYLDU SDUD R ILQDO GR SURJUDPD FDVR VHMD 3DUD ID]HU R
GHVYLR XVH XP ODEHO QD OLQKD SDUD D TXDO TXHU GHVYLDU GH IRUPD
DQiORJDDRFDVRGDLQVWUXomR-1=/223

0RGLILTXH R SURJUDPD GH PRGR TXH RV GRLV E\WHV SUHYLVWRV SDUD R
DUPD]HQDPHQWRGRUHVXOWDGRVHMDPXWLOL]DGRV
'LFDHVWXGHDVLQVWUXo}HV-&H-1&HP>,17(@8WLOL]HXPD
GHODV SDUD GHWHUPLQDU VH KRXYH YDL QD VRPD H FDVR WHQKD
KDYLGRLQFUHPHQWHXPRXWURUHJLVWUDGRUSUHYLDPHQWHLQLFLDOL]DGR
HP ]HUR SDUD DUPD]HQDU D SDUWH PDLV VLJQLILFDWLYD GD VRPD 1R
ILQDODUPD]HQHHVWHUHJLVWUDGRUQRHQGHUHoR5(68/7
LOOP:
OK:
...
MOV
ADD
MOV
JNC
...
DCR
JNZ
LXI
MOV
INX
...
; Inicializa regs para armazenar a soma

A,M
B
B,A
OK
; MOV no afeta os flags

; Se no houve vai 1, est tudo bem
; Instruo a executar se houve vai 1
C
LOOP
H,RESULT
M,B
H
; Aponta para o byte mais significativo
; Armazena o byte mais significativo da
; soma
'LFD QRWH TXH GHSRLV GDV PRGLILFDo}HV R SURJUDPD SRGH WHU
DXPHQWDGRGHIRUPDDRFXSDURVHQGHUHoRV+HVHJXLQWHV6H
LVVRDFRQWHFHUQmRVHUiPDLVSRVVtYHOJXDUGDURVGDGRVDSDUWLUGR
HQGHUHoR + SRLV LVVR GHVWUXLULD R SUySULR SURJUDPD 9RFr
SRGH YHULILFDU FRPR DV FRLVDV HVWmR DQDOLVDQGR RV HQGHUHoRV QR
DUTXLYR OVW JHUDGR SHOR ; ([SHULPHQWH UHWLUDU D GLUHWLYD
25* + GR SURJUDPD ,VVR IDUi FRP TXH RV GDGRV LQLFLHP
LPHGLDWDPHQWHDSyVRFyGLJR1RWHTXHJUDoDVDRXVRGRVODEHOV
QmRpSUHFLVRPRGLILFDURSURJUDPDIRQWHHPSRQWRDOJXP
6XEURWLQDVVLPXODGDVHP
520
2 WUDEDOKR FRP SHTXHQRV FRPSXWDGRUHV WDO FRPR R VLPXODGR SHOR $EDFXV
HQYROYH WDUHIDV FRPR D OHLWXUD GR WHFODGR H D DSUHVHQWDomR GH UHVXOWDGRV QR
GLVSOD\ &RQVLGHUDQGR D HOHYDGD IUHTrQFLD FRP TXH WDLV WDUHIDV SUHFLVDP VHU
H[HFXWDGDV HVVH WLSR GH FRPSXWDGRU GLGiWLFR QRUPDOPHQWH LQFOXL DOJXPDV
VXEURWLQDV GH VHUYLoR TXH IDFLOLWDP R DFHVVR DR KDUGZDUH DUPD]HQDGDV HP
PHPyULD 520 2 PHVPR YDOH SDUD R $EDFXV TXH VLPXOD D SUHVHQoD GHVVH
WLSR GH VXEURWLQD 2 REMHWLYR GHVWH FDStWXOR p DSUHVHQWDU HVVDV VXEURWLQDV H
LOXVWUDUVXDXWLOL]DomR5HFRPHQGDVHDOHLWXUDGDVVHo}HV HGRFDStWXOR
VREUHRSDUDXPDPHOKRUFRPSUHHQVmRGRPDWHULDOTXHVHJXH
$VVXEURWLQDV
$ WDEHOD DSUHVHQWD DV VXEURWLQDV GR $EDFXV VHXV HQGHUHoRV H RV
UHJLVWUDGRUHVTXHVmRDOWHUDGRVTXDQGRVmRFKDPDGDV
1RPH
02675$$
02675$'
/(7(&/$
'(/$<
(QGHUHoR
(+
+
(+
)+
)LQDOLGDGH
0RVWUDU$QRFDPSRGHGDGRV
3DU'(QRFDPSRGHHQGHUHoRV
7HFOD)QRDFXPXODGRU
(VSHUDSURSRUFLRQDOD'
7DE6XEURWLQDVVLPXODGDVHP520
5HJV
7RGRV
7RGRV
$+H/
$'H(

([HPSOR
/HUDSDUWLUGRWHFODGRGRLVQ~PHURVKH[DGHFLPDLVGHXPGtJLWR([LELUHVWHV
Q~PHURVQRFDPSRGHHQGHUHoRVHVXDVRPDQRFDPSRGHGDGRV
2EVHUYDomR D OHLWXUD GR WHFODGR GR NLW 7HOHPiWLFD QR TXDO IRL EDVHDGR R
$EDFXV XWLOL]D D LQWHUUXSomR 567 3URJUDPDV H[HFXWDGRV QHVWH NLW
SUHFLVDP SRU LVVR KDELOLWDU HVVD LQWHUUXSomR SDUD TXH R WHFODGR IXQFLRQH
LQFOXLQGRDVOLQKDV
MVI A,18H
SIM
QR LQtFLR GR SURJUDPD FRQIRUPH DV H[SOLFDo}HV GR FDStWXOR $V OLVWDJHQV
DSUHVHQWDGDVQHVWHOLYURQmRLQFOXHPHVWDVOLQKDVSRUTXHQR$EDFXVDOHLWXUD
GRWHFODGRpLQGHSHQGHQWHGDVLQWHUUXSo}HV
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Teclado.asm - leitura de numeros do teclado
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
LETECLA EQU 02E7H
; Sinonimos utilizados abaixo
MOSTRAD EQU 0363H
;
MOSTRAA EQU 036EH
;
ORG 2000H
LOOP:
LXI SP,20C0H
CALL LETECLA
MOV D,A
MVI E,0H
PUSH D
CALL MOSTRAD
POP D
CALL LETECLA
MOV E,A
ADD D
PUSH PSW
CALL MOSTRAD
POP PSW
CALL MOSTRAA
JMP LOOP
END
; Inicializa pilha
; Le primeiro numero
; Apresenta primeiro numero

; Le segundo numero
; Resultado em A
; Apresenta os dois numeros
; Apresenta resultado
6XEURWLQDVVLPXODGDVHP520

([HUFtFLRV
0RGLILTXH R H[HPSOR DFLPD SDUD SHUPLWLU D HQWUDGD GH Q~PHURV
KH[DGHFLPDLVGHGRLVGtJLWRV
'LFD HVWXGH D LQVWUXomR 5/& HP >,17(@ 1RWH TXH VH R
DFXPXODGRUFRQWLYHUXPGtJLWRHQWUHH)HIRUURWDFLRQDGRFRP
5/&LVWRHTXLYDOHDPXOWLSOLFDURGtJLWRSRU3RUWDQWRID]HQGR
HVWD RSHUDomR YH]HV R FRQWH~GR GR DFXPXODGRU VHUi
PXOWLSOLFDGR SRU (P KH[DGHFLPDO LVWR HTXLYDOH D
DFUHVFHQWDUXP]HURDRILQDOGRQ~PHURSRUH[HPSOR+WRUQD
VH+,VWRSHUPLWHOHUQ~PHURVGHGRLVGtJLWRV
CALL LETECLA
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
MOV D,A
CALL LETECLA
ADD D
; L dgito mais significativo
;
;
;
;
Multiplica por 16
e guarda isso em D
L dgito menos significativo
Nmero de dois dgitos em A
0RGLILTXH R H[HPSOR DFLPD GH PRGR D VH WHU XP VRPDGRU GHFLPDO
HYLWDQGR LQFOXVLYH TXH R XVXiULR HQWUH FRP GtJLWRV KH[DGHFLPDLV QQmR
GHYHVHUPDLRUGRTXH
'LFD HVWXGH DV LQVWUXo}HV &3, H -3 HP >,17(@ H XWLOL]HDV
SDUDHYLWDUDHQWUDGDGHGtJLWRVVXSHULRUHVD
LOOP1: CALL LETECLA
CPI 0AH
JP LOOP1
; L dgito mais significativo

; Volta a ler dgito se era > 9
'LFDHVWXGHDLQVWUXomR'$$HP>,17(@(VWDLPSOHPHQWDR
DOJRULWPRGHFRUUHomRGDVRPDGHGRLVQ~PHURV%&'1RWHTXH
RVQ~PHURVTXHYRFrHVWiDUPD]HQDQGRDJRUDVmRQ~PHURV%&'
SRLV RV GtJLWRV $) QXQFD DSDUHFHP 3DUD ID]HU D VRPD GH GRLV
Q~PHURV%&'EDVWDSURFHGHUFRPRQRFDVRDQWHULRUHFRUULJLUR
UHVXOWDGRFRP'$$
...
...
CALL LETECLA
ADD E
ADD D
DAA
;
;
;
;
;
;
primeiro nmero (2 dgitos) -> D

1 dgito do 2 nmero, x 16 -> E
2 dgito do 2 nmero em A
2 nmero de dois dgitos em A
soma em A, ainda sem correo
A contm soma BCD corrigida

(VFUHYD XP SURJUDPD TXH UHFHED GRLV Q~PHURV KH[DGHFLPDLV D H E SHOR
WHFODGRHHIHWXHDRSHUDomR\ DE2YDORUGH\GHYHVHUPRVWUDGRQR
FDPSRGHHQGHUHoRV
'LFDXWLOL]HQRYDPHQWHDLQVWUXomR5/&YH[HUFtFLRHHVWXGHD
LQVWUXomR68%
5HSLWDRH[HUFtFLRDQWHULRUSDUDQ~PHURVGHFLPDLV
'LFD WUDEDOKH FRP RV Q~PHURV HP %&' H XWLOL]H QRYDPHQWH D
LQVWUXomR 5/& SDUD ID]HU D PXOWLSOLFDomR SRU $JRUD QmR p
SRVVtYHOXVDU68%SRUTXHQmRH[LVWHXPDLQVWUXomRHTXLYDOHQWHDR
'$$SDUDDVXEWUDomR(PYH]GLVVRIDoDDVXEWUDomRDWUDYpVGD
VRPDFRQIRUPHH[SOLFDGRQDVHomR
(VFUHYDXPSURJUDPDTXHUHFHEDXPQ~PHURDHQWUHHLQFOXVLYHSHOR
D
WHFODGR H HIHWXH D RSHUDomR \ 2 YDORU GH \ GHYH VHU PRVWUDGR QR
FDPSRGHGDGRV
'LFD XWLOL]H QRYDPHQWH D LQVWUXomR 5/& SDUD URWDFLRQDU R
DFXPXODGRUDYH]HV
(VFUHYDXPSURJUDPDTXHUHFHEDXPQ~PHURKH[DGHFLPDOGHGRLVGtJLWRV
SHORWHFODGRHTXHFRQWHRQ~PHURGH ELWV FRQWLGRV QHVWH Q~PHUR 2
Q~PHURGLJLWDGRGHYHVHUPRVWUDGRQRFDPSRGHGDGRVGRPRVWUDGRUHR
UHVXOWDGRGDFRQWDJHPQRPRVWUDGRUGHHQGHUHoRV
'LFDXWLOL]HQRYDPHQWHDLQVWUXomR5/&SDUDSURYRFDUDSDVVDJHP
GH FDGD XP GRV ELWV SHOR FDUU\ IODJ PHGLGD TXH RV ELWV YmR
SDVVDQGRXWLOL]HXPDGDVLQVWUXo}HV-&RX-1&SDUDGHWHUPLQDUVH
DFRQWDJHPGHVGHYHVHULQFUHPHQWDGDRXQmR
(VFUHYD XPD VXEURWLQD TXH IDoD D GLYLVmR GH XP Q~PHUR GH ELWV
FRORFDGRQRSDU'(SRUXPQ~PHURGHELWVFRORFDGRQRUHJLVWUDGRU&
$SyVRUHWRUQRRTXRFLHQWHGDGLYLVmRGHYHHVWDUQRSDU'(HRUHVWRQR
UHJLVWUDGRU/$VXEURWLQDQmRGHYHDOWHUDURUHJLVWUDGRU%8WLOL]HHVWDVXE
URWLQDQXPSURJUDPDTXHOHLDGRLVQ~PHURVGRWHFODGRIDoDVXDGLYLVmRH
DSUHVHQWHRUHVXOWDGR
'LFDGLYLGLU;SRU<VLJQLILFDFDOFXODUTXDQWDVYH]HV<FDEHHP
;3RUWDQWRRTXRFLHQWHGDGLYLVmRUHSUHVHQWDRQ~PHURGHYH]HV
TXHpSRVVtYHOVXEWUDLU<GH;VHPTXHRUHVXOWDGRVHMDQHJDWLYR
'LFD D VROXomR GHVWH H[HUFtFLR p SDUWH GR SURJUDPD GD VHomR
&RQVXOWHR VH DFKDU QHFHVViULR PDV SURFXUH UHVROYHU R
SUREOHPDVHPDMXGDDQWHV
6XEURWLQDVVLPXODGDVHP520

(VFUHYD XP SURJUDPD TXH DFHLWH GtJLWRV KH[DGHFLPDLV GR WHFODGR H RV
PRVWUH QR FDPSR GH HQGHUHoRV GR PRVWUDGRU 2V GtJLWRV GHYHP VHU
PRVWUDGRV XP D XP SDVVDQGR GD GLUHLWD SDUD HVTXHUGD D FDGD GLJLWDomR
FRPRQRH[HPSORDVHJXLU
&DPSRGHHQGHUHoRV
[ ][ ][ ][3]
[ ][ ][3][F]
[ ][3][F][D]
[3][F][D][0]
[F][D][0][4]
'tJLWRVWHFODGRV
3
F
D
0
4
'LFD HVWXGH D LQVWUXomR 5$/ H XWLOL]H R FDUU\ IODJ SDUD

WUDQVSRUWDURVELWVGH XP UHJLVWUDGRU D RXWUR $ SDVVDJHP GR ELW
PDLV VLJQLILFDWLYR GR UHJLVWUDGRU ( SDUD R ELW PHQRV VLJQLILFDWLYR
GRUHJLVWUDGRU'SRUH[HPSORSRGHVHUIHLWDFRP
MOV
RAL
MOV
MOV
RAL
MOV
A,E
E,A
A,D
D,A
'LFDXWLOL]HDLQVWUXomR25$$SDUD]HUDURFDUU\IODJTXDQGR
SUHFLVDU

'DWDMXOLDQD
2EMHWLYR
2V H[HUFtFLRV GHVWH FDStWXOR WrP SRU REMHWLYR D IL[DomR GRV VHJXLQWHV
FRQKHFLPHQWRV
HQGHUHoDPHQWRLQGLUHWRGDPHPyULD
XWLOL]DomRGHODoRVGHUHSHWLomR
SHUFHSomRGDQHFHVVLGDGHGHXWLOL]DUQ~PHURVKH[DGHFLPDLVH%&'
([HUFtFLRSURSRVWR
(P R IUDQFrV -XOLXV -RVHSK 6FDOLJHU LQWURGX]LX R DVVLP
FKDPDGRFDOHQGiULRMXOLDQRTXHQmRFRQWDPHVHVHDQRVPDVDSHQDVRVGLDV
TXHVHSDVVDUDPGHVGHRPHLRGLDGRGLDGHMDQHLURGHD&$VVLPSRU
H[HPSORRGLDGHMDQHLURGHpRGLD$VGDWDVMXOLDQDVVmR
~WHLVSDUDUHJLVWUDUHYHQWRVTXDQGRpQHFHVViULRFDOFXODURQ~PHURGHGLDVTXH
RVVHSDUDPEDVWDQGRSDUDLVVRXPDVLPSOHVVXEWUDomR
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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Juliana.asm - conversor de datas
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
LETECLA EQU 02E7H
MOSTRAD EQU 0363H
ORG 2000H
LXI SP,20C0H
LE1:
CALL LETECLA
; 1. digito do dia
CPI 0AH
JP LE1
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
MOV E,A
LE2:
CALL LETECLA
; 2. digito do dia
CPI 0AH
JP LE2
ORA E
MOV E,A
MVI D,00H
; E contem dia em BCD e D = 0
LE3:
CALL LETECLA
; 1. digito do mes
CPI 0AH
JP LE3
MVI C,00H
CPI 00
JZ LE4
MVI C,10D
LE4:
CALL LETECLA
; 2. digito do mes
CPI 0AH
JP LE4
ADD C
SUI 01H
MOV C,A
; C = mes-1 = numero de meses a somar
CPI 00H
JZ MOSTRA
; se mes = janeiro, esta pronto
LXI H,DIAS
MOV A,E
; A inicia com o dia...
SOMA:
ADD M
; ... e recebe os dias de cada mes
DAA
JNC CONT
INR D
; "vai 1"
CONT:
INX H
DCR C
JNZ SOMA
MOV E,A
MOSTRA: CALL MOSTRAD
; resultado no campo de enderecos

DIAS
JMP LE1
; volta ao passo 1 do enunciado
DB 31H,28H,31H,30H,31H,30H
DB 31H,31H,30H,31H,30H,31H
END
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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;HexConv.asm - conversao de base para numeros hexadecimais
;Recebe do teclado um numero hexadecimal de 4 digitos
;Recebe a base de saida (um numero decimal de 2 digitos)
;A base de saida deve estar entre 2 e 16, inclusive
;Converte o numero para essa base; resultado no display
;Campos de enderecos e dados formam um numero de 6 digitos
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
LETECLA EQU 02E7H
MOSTRAD EQU 0363H
MOSTRAA EQU 036EH
LOOP:
ORG 2000H
LXI SP,2100H
CALL LENUM16
MOV D,A
CALL LENUM16
MOV E,A
PUSH D
CALL MOSTRAD
POP D
CALL LENUM10
MOV C,A
CALL HEXCONV
PUSH PSW
CALL MOSTRAD
POP PSW
CALL MOSTRAA
JMP LOOP
; DOIS DIGITOS MAIS SIGNIFICATIVOS

; DOIS DIGITOS MENOS SIGNIFICATIVOS
; APRESENTA NUMERO A SER CONVERTIDO
; BASE DE SAIDA
; CONVERTE. RESULTADO EM D, E e A
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;HEXCONV - converte numero hexa para a base de saida
;Recebe numero no par DE e base de saida em C
;Retorna resultado como numero de 6 digitos em D, E e A
;Utiliza todos os regs
;Chama a sub-rotina DIV
HEXCONV:
MVI B,00H
; CONTADOR DE DIGITOS DO RESULTADO
MORE:
CALL DIV
; QUOCIENTE EM DE E RESTO EM L
PUSH H
; L CONTEM DIGITO DO RESULTADO
INR B
; CONTA DIGITOS
MOV A,D
CPI 00H
; SE D <> 0, TEM MAIS
JNZ MORE
MOV A,E
CPI 00H
; SE D == 0 MAS E <> 0, TEM MAIS
JNZ MORE
&RQYHUVmRGHEDVH
MVI A,00H
GETDIG: MVI H,04H
ROTATE: ORA A
RAL
MOV L,A
MOV A,E
RAL
MOV E,A
MOV A,D
RAL
MOV D,A
MOV A,L
DCR H
JNZ ROTATE
POP H
ORA L
DCR B
JNZ GETDIG
RET
;
;
;
;

TRIPLA DEA CONTEM 0 PARA COMECAR

RESGATE DOS DIGITOS DA PILHA
ZERA CARRY FLAG
BIT MAIS SIGNIFICATIVO DE A EM CY
; ROTACIONA DIGITOS DA TRIPLA DEA

; BIT MAIS SIGNIFICATIVO DE A EM E
; BIT MAIS SIGNIFICATIVO DE E EM D
; L CONTEM DIGITO PARA A TRIPLA DEA

; INTRODUZ DIGITO RESGATADO DA PILHA
; TEM MAIS DIGITOS?
; NUMERO CONVERTIDO EM DEA
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;DIV - sub-rotina para divisao
;Recebe dividendo em DE e divisor em C
;Retorna quociente em DE e resto em L
;Utiliza regs A, C, D, E, H e L
DIV:
LXI H,0000H
MOV A,E
TEST1: CMP C
JC TEST2
BACK:
SUB C
INX H
JMP TEST1
TEST2: MOV E,A
MOV A,D
CPI 00H
JZ DONE
DCR D
MOV A,E
JMP BACK
DONE:
XCHG
RET

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;LENUM10 - le numero decimal de dois digitos
;Retorna valor hexa do numero lido no acumulador
;Utiliza os regs A, B, H e L
;Chama LETECLA
LENUM10:
CALL LETECLA
RLC
MOV B,A
RLC
RLC
ADD B
MOV B,A
CALL LETECLA
ADD B
RET
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;LENUM16 - le um numero hexadecimal de dois digitos
;Retorna valor do numero lido no acumulador
;Chama LETECLA
LENUM16:
CALL LETECLA
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
MOV B,A
CALL LETECLA
ADD B
RET
END
&RQYHUVmRGHEDVH

/LVWDJHPGH%DVH&RQYDVP
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;BaseConv.asm - programa de conversao de base
;Recebe a base de entrada (numero decimal de 2 digitos)
;Recebe um numero de 4 digitos nessa base, sem verifica-lo
;Recebe a base de saida (um numero decimal de 2 digitos)
;Ambas as bases devem estar entre 2 e 16, inclusive
;Converte o numero da base de entrada para a base de saida
;Apresenta o resultado no display
;Campos de enderecos e dados formam um numero de 6 digitos
;Prof. Roberto m. Ziller - 04.01.2000
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
LETECLA EQU 02E7H
MOSTRAD EQU 0363H
MOSTRAA EQU 036EH
LOOP:
ORG 2000H
LXI SP,2100H
CALL LENUM10
MOV C,A
CALL LENUM
PUSH D
CALL MOSTRAD
POP D
CALL LENUM10
MOV C,A
CALL HEXCONV
PUSH PSW
CALL MOSTRAD
POP PSW
CALL MOSTRAA
JMP LOOP
; BASE DE ENTRADA LIDA (DECIMAL)

; LE NUMERO DE 4 DIGS, CONVERTE P/ HEXA
; APRESENTA NUMERO A CONVERTER EM HEXA
; BASE DE SAIDA
; CONVERTE. RESULTADO EM D, E e A
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;HEXCONV - converte numero hexa para a base de saida
;Recebe numero no par DE e base de saida em C
;Retorna resultado como numero de 6 digitos em D, E e A
;Chama a sub-rotina DIV
HEXCONV:
MVI B,00H
; CONTADOR DE DIGITOS DO RESULTADO
MORE:
CALL DIV
; QUOCIENTE EM DE E RESTO EM L
PUSH H
; L CONTEM DIGITO DO RESULTADO
INR B
; CONTA DIGITOS
MOV A,D
CPI 00H
; SE D <> 0, TEM MAIS
JNZ MORE
MOV A,E
CPI 00H
; SE D == 0 MAS E <> 0, TEM MAIS
JNZ MORE

MVI A,00H
GETDIG: MVI H,04H
ROTATE: ORA A
RAL
MOV L,A
MOV A,E
RAL
MOV E,A
MOV A,D
RAL
MOV D,A
MOV A,L
DCR H
JNZ ROTATE
POP H
ORA L
DCR B
JNZ GETDIG
RET
;
;
;
;
TRIPLA DEA CONTEM 0 PARA COMECAR

RESGATE DOS DIGITOS DA PILHA
ZERA CARRY FLAG
BIT MAIS SIGNIFICATIVO DE A EM CY
; ROTACIONA DIGITOS DA TRIPLA DEA

; BIT MAIS SIGNIFICATIVO DE A EM E
; BIT MAIS SIGNIFICATIVO DE E EM D
; L CONTEM DIGITO PARA A TRIPLA DEA

; INTRODUZ DIGITO RESGATADO DA PILHA
; TEM MAIS DIGITOS?
; NUMERO CONVERTIDO EM DEA
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;DIV - sub-rotina para divisao
;Recebe dividendo em DE e divisor em C
;Retorna quociente em DE e resto em L
DIV:
LXI H,0000H
MOV A,E
TEST1: CMP C
JC TEST2
BACK:
SUB C
INX H
JMP TEST1
TEST2: MOV E,A
MOV A,D
CPI 00H
JZ DONE
DCR D
MOV A,E
JMP BACK
DONE:
XCHG
RET
&RQYHUVmRGHEDVH

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;MULT - sub-rotina para multiplicacao
;Recebe multiplicando em DE e multiplicador em C
;Retorna resultado em DE, preservando o multiplicador em C
MULT:
XCHG
LXI D,0000H
MOV A,C
CPI 00H
RZ
PUSH B
MUL:
MOV A,E
ADD L
MOV E,A
MOV A,D
ADC H
MOV D,A
DCR C
JNZ MUL
POP B
RET
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;LENUM
;Le numero de 4 digitos na base contida em C
;Converte p/ hexa e retorna esse valor no par DE
;Chama MULT
LENUM: LXI D,0000H
MVI B,04H
MULBAS: CALL MULT
; MULTIPLICA PAR DE PELA BASE EM C
CALL LETECLA
ADD E
MOV E,A
JNC CONT
INR D
CONT:
DCR B
JNZ MULBAS
RET

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;LENUM10 - le um numero decimal de dois digitos
;Retorna valor hexa do numero lido no acumulador
;Chama LETECLA
LENUM10:
CALL LETECLA
RLC
MOV B,A
RLC
RLC
ADD B
MOV B,A
CALL LETECLA
ADD B
RET
END
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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Ints85a.asm - Interrupcoes do 8085
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
MOSTRAA EQU 036EH
DELAY
EQU 05F1H
RST7.5 EQU 20CEH
ORG 2000H
LXI SP,20C0H
; Inicializa pilha
MVI A,18H
; Habilita 5.5, 6.5 e 7.5
SIM
MVI A,00H
EI
LOOP:
ADI 01H
; INR A nao serve, nao atualiza CY
DAA
; utiliza CY flag na correcao
PUSH PSW
; Salva contagem
CALL MOSTRAA
MVI D,05H
; Atraso de 500ms
CALL DELAY
POP PSW
; Recupera contagem
JMP LOOP
ORG RST7.5
; Desvio da RST 7.5
HLT
RET
END

&RPRQmRID]HU
$WtWXORGHH[HUFtFLRYRFrGHYHPRGLILFDURSURJUDPDDQWHULRUGHPRGRTXHD
FRQWDJHP UHLQLFLH GR YDORU D FDGD RFRUUrQFLD GD LQWHUUXSomR 567 2
SURSyVLWR GHVWD VHomR p R GH DSUHVHQWDU DOJXQV HUURV FRPXQV FRPHWLGRV QD
VROXomRGHVWHSUREOHPDHDOHUWDUSDUDRVSHULJRVTXHUHSUHVHQWDP
$SULPHLUDWHQWDWLYD
(P JHUDO D SULPHLUD UHDomR SDUD HVFUHYHU R WUDWDGRU p VLPSOHVPHQWH ]HUDU R
DFXPXODGRU$OLVWDJHPILFDULDDVVLP
ORG RST7.5
MVI A,01H
RET
; Desvio da RST 7.5
(VWD DERUGDJHP SRUpP FRQWUDULD YiULDV GDV UHJUDV EiVLFDV SDUD HVFUHYHU
WUDWDGRUHVGHLQWHUUXSomRDSUHVHQWDGDVQDVHomR 2WUDWDGRUQmRSUHVHUYDR
YDORU GR UHJLVWUDGRU $ TXH HVWi VHQGR XWLOL]DGR SDUD WHQWDU HVWDEHOHFHU XPD
FRPXQLFDomR FRP R SURJUDPD SULQFLSDO 1R SUHVHQWH FDVR R WUDWDGRU
IXQFLRQDULDVHDLQWHUUXSomRDFRQWHFHVVHSRUH[HPSORGXUDQWHDH[HFXomRGD
LQVWUXomR'$$(VWDVHULDFRQFOXtGDHPVHJXLGDRDFXPXODGRUVHULDDOWHUDGRH
DFRQWDJHPUHFRPHoDULDGH6XSRQKDSRUpPTXHDLQWHUUXSomRDFRQWHFHVVH
GXUDQWHDH[HFXomRGDLQVWUXomR386+36:1HVWHFDVRR386+VHULDIHLWR
RDFXPXODGRUVHULDDOWHUDGRHDFRQWDJHP+GHIDWRFKHJDULDDDSDUHFHUQR
GLVSOD\0DVORJRHPVHJXLGD323 36: UHVWDXUDULD R YDORU TXH $ FRQWLQKD
DQWHVGDLQWHUUXSomRHDFRQWDJHPVDOWDULDGHYROWDSDUDRYDORUDQWLJR
6HRSURJUDPDIRUH[HFXWDGRQXPKDUGZDUHUHDODLQWHUUXSomRSRGHDFRQWHFHU
GXUDQWHDH[HFXomRGDVXEURWLQD02675$$6HDLQWHUUXSomRDFRQWHFHUQXP
SRQWRHPTXHHVWDVXEURWLQDDFDEDGHSUHSDUDUSRUH[HPSORXPYDORUHP$
SDUDLQLFLDOL]DURKDUGZDUHGRGLVSOD\HHVWHIRUDOWHUDGRSHODLQWHUUXSomRHQWmR
RGLVSOD\QmRIXQFLRQDUiFRPRHVSHUDGR
(PJHUDODDOWHUDomRGHTXDOTXHUUHJLVWUDGRU SRU XP WUDWDGRU GH LQWHUUXSomR
SRGHWHUFRQVHTrQFLDVFDWDVWUyILFDV
$OpPGLVVRRWUDWDGRUDSUHVHQWDGRWHPXPRXWURSUREOHPDTXHDFRQWHFHFRP
IUHTrQFLDTXDQGRVHHVWiDSUHQGHQGRDHVFUHYHUWUDWDGRUHVGHLQWHUUXSomRGH
DFRUGRFRPDVUHJUDVGDVHomR p SUHFLVR FXLGDU SDUD TXH DV LQWHUUXSo}HV
HVWHMDP KDELOLWDGDV TXDQGR IRUHP QHFHVViULDV 2 GHVDELOLWD
DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH DV LQWHUUXSo}HV DVVLP TXH HQWUD QR WUDWDGRU H SRU LVVR R
SURJUDPDDFLPDVyDFHLWDULDDSULPHLUDLQWHUUXSomRXPDYH]TXHQmRKiFyGLJR
TXHYROWHDKDELOLWiODV2ILQDOGHXPWUDWDGRUpSRULVVRWLSLFDPHQWH

EI
RET
(VWDILQDOL]DomRVHUiDGRWDGDGHVWHSRQWRHPGLDQWH
8PDVXJHVWmRTXHWDPEpPDSDUHFHFRPFHUWDIUHTrQFLDpDGHGHVDELOLWDUDV
LQWHUUXSo}HVHPSRQWRVFUtWLFRVPHGLDQWHDLQVHUomRGHLQVWUXo}HV',GLVDEOH
LQWHUUXSWVH(,HQDEOHLQWHUUXSWVQRFRUSRGRSURJUDPDSULQFLSDOGHPRGR
TXH HVWH Vy SRVVD VHU LQWHUURPSLGR TXDQGR IRU FRQYHQLHQWH (VWD VROXomR p
XWLOL]DGDHPDOJXQVFDVRVPXLWRHVSHFLDLVPDVHPJHUDOpGHVDFRQVHOKDGDSRLV
VRIUHGHVpULDVGHVYDQWDJHQV
pGLItFLOSUHYHUWRGDVDVVLWXDo}HVHPTXHDVLQWHUUXSo}HVGHYHPVHULQLELGDV
PHVPR HP SURJUDPDV SHTXHQRV SRGH KDYHU YiULRV SRQWRV RQGH LVVR p
QHFHVViULR
R SURJUDPD SDVVD D VHU LQFDSD] GH UHDJLU jV LQWHUUXSo}HV GXUDQWH YiULRV
LQWHUYDORVTXDQGRpMXVWDPHQWHRFRQWUiULRTXHVHGHVHMD
D PDQXWHQomR GR SURJUDPD ILFD H[WUHPDPHQWH GLItFLO SRLV FDGD DOWHUDomR
H[LJHXPDQRYDDQiOLVHGRVSRQWRVGHLQLELomRGDVLQWHUUXSo}HVHpSRUWDQWR
IRQWHGHSHULJRVRVHUURV
6XEVWLWXLQGRRUHJLVWUDGRUSRUXPDYDULiYHOJOREDO
2XWUDWHQWDWLYDpVXEVWLWXLURDFXPXODGRUSRUXPDYDULiYHOJOREDOSDUDID]HUD
FRQWDJHPFRPRQDOLVWDJHPDVHJXLU1RWHTXHDJRUDRWUDWDGRUIRLPXGDGRGH
OXJDUGHDFRUGRFRPRH[SRVWRQDVHomR
LOOP:
HNDLR:
ORG 2000H
LXI SP,20C0H
MVI A,18H
SIM
MVI A,00H
STA COUNT
EI
LDA COUNT
ADI 01H
DAA
STA COUNT
CALL MOSTRAA
MVI D,05H
CALL DELAY
JMP LOOP
PUSH PSW
MVI A,01H
STA COUNT
; Inicializa pilha
; Habilita 5.5, 6.5 e 7.5
; INR A no serve, no atualiza CY

; Utiliza CY flag na correo
; Atraso de 500ms
COUNT
POP PSW
EI
RET
ORG RST7.5
JMP HNDLR
DB 00H
END

; Volta a habilitar as interrupes

; Desvio da RST 7.5
; Varivel global, armazena contagem
$TXL QmR H[LVWH PDLV D FRPXQLFDomR YLD UHJLVWUDGRU HQWUH R WUDWDGRU GH

LQWHUUXSomRHRSURJUDPDSULQFLSDO$JRUDVHDLQWHUUXSomRDFRQWHFHUGHQWUR
GD VXEURWLQD 02675$$ WXGR IXQFLRQD EHP R YDORU GR DFXPXODGRU p
JXDUGDGRQDSLOKDQRLQtFLRGRWUDWDGRUHUHVWDXUDGRQRILQDOGHPRGRTXHD
VXEURWLQD LQWHUURPSLGD QmR SHUFHEH TXDOTXHU DOWHUDomR QHVVH UHJLVWUDGRU
TXDQGR R VHX SURFHVVDPHQWR p UHWRPDGR 0DV XPD DQiOLVH PDLV FXLGDGRVD
PRVWUDTXHVXUJHXPSUREOHPDVHDLQWHUUXSomRDFRQWHFHUGXUDQWHDH[HFXomR
GDV LQVWUXo}HV /'$ &2817 $', + RX '$$ LQLFLDOPHQWH R WUDWDGRU
JXDUGDRFRQWH~GRGH$QDSLOKDID]FRPTXHRYDORUGDFRQWDJHPYROWHDH
UHVWDXUD R YDORU GH $ /RJR HP VHJXLGD SRUpP R SURJUDPD SULQFLSDO p
UHWRPDGRFRPRYDORUGH$SUHVHUYDGRHDLQVWUXomR67$&2817ID]FRP
TXHDFRQWDJHPDVVXPDRYDORUTXHWHULDVHDLQWHUUXSomRQmRWLYHVVHRFRUULGR
2UHVXOWDGRpXPSURJUDPDGHFRPSRUWDPHQWRHUUiWLFRTXHIXQFLRQDTXDQGR
R XVXiULR SUHVVLRQD R ERWmR TXH DFLRQD D LQWHUUXSomR HQTXDQWR R SURJUDPD
HVWiIRUDGHVVHWUHFKRPDVTXHGHYH]HPTXDQGRSDUHFHQmRIXQFLRQDU1R
FDVR GH H[HFXomR HP XP VLVWHPD UHDO R PDX IXQFLRQDPHQWR SRGH VHU
DWULEXtGRHUURQHDPHQWHDXPPDXFRQWDWRGRERWmR(VWHWLSRGHHUURSRGH
SDVVDUGHVSHUFHELGRQRVWHVWHVHWHUFRQVHTrQFLDVJUDYHV
6XMDQGRDSLOKD
7DPEpPSRGHDSDUHFHUDLGpLDGHID]HURSURJUDPDVDOWDUGRWUDWDGRUGHYROWD
SDUDRLQtFLR
START:
LOOP:
LXI SP,20C0H
MVI A,18H
SIM
MVI A,00H
STA COUNT
EI
LDA COUNT
ADI 01H
DAA
STA COUNT
CALL MOSTRAA
MVI D,05H
CALL DELAY
JMP LOOP
; Inicializa pilha
; Habilita 5.5, 6.5 e 7.5

; utiliza CY flag na correo
; Atraso de 500ms

HNDLR:
COUNT
EI
JMP START
ORG RST7.5
JMP HNDLR
DB 00H
END

; Desvio da RST 7.5
(VWD DERUGDJHP p GDV SLRUHV SRLV YLROD GLUHWDPHQWH D UHJUD TXH GL] TXH R
WUDWDGRU QmR GHYH VXMDU D SLOKD 2 TXH DFRQWHFH DTXL p TXH R HQGHUHoR GH
UHWRUQR GD LQWHUUXSomR ILFD DUPD]HQDGR QD SLOKD SRLV QmR VH H[HFXWD D
LQVWUXomR5(7$FDGDLQWHUUXSomRDSLOKDUHFHEHPDLVXPZRUGTXHQXQFDp
UHWLUDGR3DUDFRQWRUQDUHVWHSUREOHPDKiTXHPVXJLUDUHWLUDU R HQGHUHoR GH
UHWRUQRFRPXPDLQVWUXomR323FRPRVHJXH
HNDLR:
COUNT
POP B
EI
JMP START
ORG RST7.5
JMP HNDLR
DB 00H
END
; Par BC recebe endereo de retorno

; Desvio da RST 7.5
0DVHVWDVROXomRUHWLUDDSHQDVRHQGHUHoRGHUHWRUQRGDSLOKDHGHSHQGHQGR
GRSRQWRHPTXHDLQWHUUXSomRRFRUUHXDSLOKDSRGHFRQWHUPDLVZRUGV3RU
H[HPSORVHDLQWHUUXSomRDFRQWHFHGHQWURGDVXEURWLQD02675$$HQWmRD
SLOKDFRQWpPRHQGHUHoRGHUHWRUQRSDUDHVWDVXEURWLQDPDLVDVSDODYUDVTXH
HODSRVVDWHUFRORFDGRQDSLOKDHVyGHSRLVGLVVRYHPRHQGHUHoRGHUHWRUQR
GD LQWHUUXSomR 3RU LVVR HP JHUDO R Q~PHUR GH ZRUGV TXH GHYHULDP VHU
UHWLUDGRV GD SLOKD GHSHQGH GR LQVWDQWH HP TXH RFRUUH D LQWHUUXSomR R TXH
LQYLDELOL]DDVROXomRSURSRVWD$OpPGLVVRHVWDDERUGDJHPUHFDLQRSULPHLUR
HUURSRLVRSDU%& HVWi VHQGR DOWHUDGR SHOR WUDWDGRU H KDYHUi SUREOHPDV VH
HVVHVUHJLVWUDGRUHVIRUHPQHFHVViULRVHPDOJXPSRQWRGRSURJUDPDLQFOXLQGR
DVVXEURWLQDVFKDPDGDV
)LQDOPHQWH Ki TXHP VXJLUD VLPSOHVPHQWH IRUoDU D SLOKD D YROWDU DR HVWDGR
LQLFLDOGHPRGRTXHQmRSRVVDILFDUVXMD
HNDLR:
LXI SP,20C0H
EI
JMP START
; Limpa a pilha completamente

(VWD DERUGDJHP SRGH VHU DSOLFiYHO HP DOJXQV FDVRV PDV DLQGD DVVLP p
H[WUHPDPHQWHGHVDFRQVHOKiYHOSRUTXH
HVWH PpWRGR DERUWD TXDOTXHU VXEURWLQD TXH HVWHMD HP H[HFXomR H HP
SURJUDPDV PDLV FRPSOH[RV LVVR SRGH VHU FDWDVWUyILFR 6XSRQKD SRU
H[HPSOR XPD VXEURWLQD TXH OLJD XP FHUWR HTXLSDPHQWR HQYLD DOJXQV
FRPDQGRVDHOHHSUHFLVDGHVOLJiORFRUUHWDPHQWHGHSRLVGLVVRVRESHQDGH

GDQLILFiOR 6H HVWD VXEURWLQD IRU DERUWDGD SHOD LQWHUUXSomR R

SURFHGLPHQWRFRUUHWRQmRVHUiUHDOL]DGR
R SURJUDPD QmR XWLOL]D TXDOTXHU ILORVRILD GH RUJDQL]DomR GH WUDWDGRUHV GH
LQWHUUXSomRFRPRDDSUHVHQWDGDDVHJXLU
&RPRID]HU
$ OLVWDJHP D VHJXLU DSUHVHQWD XPD VROXomR HOHJDQWH SDUD R SUREOHPD TXH
REHGHFHDWRGDVDVUHJUDVSDUDHVFUHYHUWUDWDGRUHVGHLQWHUUXSomR
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Ints85b.asm - Interrupcoes do 8085
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
MOSTRAA EQU 036EH
DELAY
EQU 05F1H
RST7.5 EQU 20CEH
ORG 2000H
LXI SP,20C0H
; Inicializa pilha
MVI A,18H
SIM
; Habilita 5.5, 6.5 e 7.5
MVI A,00H
STA STATE
; Flag de reset da contagem
STA COUNT
; Inicializa contagem
EI
LOOP:
LDA COUNT
ADI 01H
DAA
; Utiliza CY na correo
STA COUNT
CALL MOSTRAA
MVI D,05H
; Atraso de 500ms
CALL DELAY
LDA STATE
CPI 00H
; Testa critrio de reinicializao
JZ LOOP
; Continua contando se STATE = 0
MVI A,00H
STA COUNT
; Caso contrrio, zera a contagem
STA STATE
; Reinicializa flag
JMP LOOP
HNDLR: PUSH PSW
MVI A,01H
STA STATE
EI
POP PSW
RET
STATE
DB 00H
; Flag global alterado pelo tratador
COUNT
DB 00H
; Contagem

ORG RST7.5
JMP HNDLR
END
; Desvio da RST 7.5
$ HOHJkQFLD GHVWD VROXomR YHP GD VHSDUDomR FODUD GDV WDUHIDV GR SURJUDPD
SULQFLSDO H GR WUDWDGRU GH LQWHUUXSomR )RL GHILQLGD XPD YDULiYHO JOREDO
67$7( TXH IXQFLRQD FRPR PHFDQLVPR GH FRPXQLFDomR HQWUH DPERV 2
WUDWDGRUVHOLPLWDDID]HU67$7( HRSURJUDPDSULQFLSDOWHVWDHVVDYDULiYHO
TXDQGROKHIRUFRQYHQLHQWH
,03257$17(RWUDWDGRUQmRWHQWDPRGLILFDURYDORUGDFRQWDJHP
&DGDYH]TXHFKHJDDRILQDOGRORRSRSURJUDPDSULQFLSDOFRQVXOWDRYDORUGD
YDULiYHO 67$7( H GHFLGH VH GHYH YROWDU GLUHWDPHQWH DR LQtFLR H PRVWUDU R
SUy[LPRYDORUGDFRQWDJHP67$7( RXUHLQLFLDOL]DUDFRQWDJHPDQWHVGH
YROWDU67$7( 1HVWHFDVR]HUDWDPEpPDYDULiYHO67$7(SDUDTXHR
SHGLGRGHUHLQLFLDOL]DomRQmRILTXHSHQGHQWH
&RPLVVRDFRQWDJHPQmRSRGHVHUPRGLILFDGDGHIRUPDLQHVSHUDGDSRLVpR
SUySULR SURJUDPD SULQFLSDO TXH ID] D PRGLILFDomR $ WDUHID GR WUDWDGRU p
VLPSOHVPHQWH D GH VLQDOL]DU DR SURJUDPD SULQFLSDO TXH R XVXiULR DFLRQRX D
LQWHUUXSomR2SURJUDPDSULQFLSDOpTXHGHFLGHTXDQGRHRQGHGHYHSURFHVVDU
HVWD LQIRUPDomR 2 SULQFtSLR DSOLFDGR DTXL GHYH VHU XWLOL]DGR VHPSUH TXH
SRVVtYHO SDUD HVFUHYHU WUDWDGRUHV GH LQWHUUXSomR SRLV R LVRODPHQWR HQWUH
WUDWDGRU H SURJUDPD SULQFLSDO OHYD QDWXUDOPHQWH D XP SURJUDPD GH ERD
TXDOLGDGH
([HUFtFLRV
0RGLILTXH R SURJUDPD GD VHomR GH PRGR TXH DOWHUQDGDPHQWH H D
FDGDWRTXHGRERWmR567DFRQWDJHPSDUHHFRQWLQXHGHRQGHSDURX
'LFDPRGLILTXHRWUDWDGRUGHLQWHUUXSomRGHPRGRTXHHVWHIDoD
GH 67$7( XP FRQWDGRU PyGXOR TXH DYDQoD D FDGD WRTXH GR
ERWmR5672SURJUDPDSULQFLSDOVySUHFLVDWHVWDURYDORUGH
67$7(TXHVHUiDOWHUQDGDPHQWHRXHGHFLGLUVHILFDSUHVR
HPXPORRS GH HVSHUD 67$7( RX VH FRQWLQXD D FRQWDJHP
QRUPDOPHQWH67$7(
,PSOHPHQWHXP FRQWDGRU GH GXDV YHORFLGDGHV TXH DOWHUQH HQWUH DPEDV DR
WRTXHGRERWmR567
'LFD XWLOL]H R WUDWDGRU GH LQWHUUXSomR GR H[HUFtFLR DFLPD VHP
PRGLILFDo}HV 2 SURJUDPD SULQFLSDO GHYH GHFLGLU FRP EDVH QR
YDORUGH67$7(VHRYDORUFDUUHJDGRQRSDU'(SDUDRDWUDVRQD

FRQWDJHP GHYH VHU JUDQGH 67$7( YHORFLGDGH EDL[D RX

SHTXHQR67$7( YHORFLGDGHDOWD
([LVWHXPDJHQHUDOL]DomRVLPSOHVGRWUDWDGRUGHILQLGRQR H[HUFtFLR TXH
FRQVLVWHHPWUDQVIRUPDUDYDULiYHO67$7(QXPFRQWDGRUPyGXORQ&RP
LVVR p SRVVtYHO LPSOHPHQWDU SURJUDPDV TXH DOWHUQHP FLFOLFDPHQWH HQWUH Q
FRPSRUWDPHQWRVGLIHUHQWHV
(VFUHYD XP SURJUDPD TXH LPSOHPHQWH XP FRQWDGRU TXH DOWHUQH
FLFOLFDPHQWHHQWUHRVVHJXLQWHVPRGRVGHFRQWDJHPGHFLPDOWRGDVPyGXOR

DVFHQGHQWHPRVWUDGDQRFDPSRGHGDGRV
GHVFHQGHQWHPRVWUDGDQRFDPSRGHGDGRV
DVFHQGHQWHPRVWUDGDQRFDPSRGHHQGHUHoRV
GHVFHQGHQWHPRVWUDGDQRFDPSRGHHQGHUHoRV
,PSOHPHQWH XP SURJUDPD FRP GRLV FRQWDGRUHV KH[DGHFLPDLV GH GRLV
GtJLWRV TXH HYROXHP MXQWRV 2 SULPHLUR GHYH DSDUHFHU QR FDPSR GH
HQGHUHoRV H LQLFLDU D FRQWDJHP QR VHQWLGR DVFHQGHQWH R VHJXQGR GHYH
DSDUHFHUQRFDPSRGHGDGRVHFRQWDUQRVHQWLGRGHVFHQGHQWH$WRTXHGR
ERWmR 567 RV VHQWLGRV GH FRQWDJHP GRV GRLV FRQWDGRUHV GHYHUmR VH
LQYHUWHU

3RUWDVGHHQWUDGDHVDtGD
$VSRUWDVGH(6GR$EDFXV
2pXPGLVSRVLWLYRSHULIpULFRSURMHWDGRSDUDRSHUDUHPFRQMXQWRFRPR
2IHUHFHWUrVSRUWDVSDUDOHODVGHHQWUDGDHVDtGDGHQRPLQDGDV$%H&
GRLVWHPSRUL]DGRUHVHE\WHVGHPHPyULD5$0FRQIRUPHDILJXUD
PORTA A
IO/M
256 x 8
RAM
ESTTICA
AD 0-7
CE
ALE
PA0-7
BARRAMENTO DE DADOS INTERNO - 8 bits
PORTA B
PB0-7
controle
PA
PB
PC
timer timer
MSB LSB
estado
RD
WR
PORTA C
TIMER
Modo
Timer
PC0-5
Vcc (+5 v)
Vss (0 v)
TIMER CLK
TIMER OUT
)LJ5HSUHVHQWDomRGRFRPSRQHQWH
2$EDFXVVLPXODDH[LVWrQFLDGDVSRUWDV$H%FDGDXPDGHELWVDVVLPFRPR
GRUHJLVWUDGRUGHFRPDQGR TXH SHUPLWH FRQILJXUDU HVVDV SRUWDV FRPR VHQGR
GHHQWUDGDRXGHVDtGDSRUWD$HVWiOLJDGRRFRQMXQWRGHFKDYHVGHVFULWRQD
VHomR H j SRUWD % R FRQMXQWR GH OHGV GHVFULWR QD VHomR $V
OLJDo}HVVmRPRVWUDGDVQDILJXUD
%LW
3RUWD$
9
%LW
3RUWD%
%LW
%LW
)LJ/LJDomRGDVFKDYHVHGRVOHGVDR

$VSRUWDVHRUHJLVWUDGRUGHFRPDQGRWrPHQGHUHoRVIL[RVGDGRVSHODWDEHOD

5HJLVWUDGRU
COMMAND
PORT A
PORT B
(QG
+
+&+$9(6
+/('6
7DE(QGHUHoRVGDVSRUWDVQR$EDFXV
2 REMHWLYR GR SUHVHQWH FDStWXOR p GHPRQVWUDU D XWLOL]DomR GDV SRUWDV $ H %
SDUDID]HUDOHLWXUDGDVFKDYHVHRDFHQGHURVOHGV
$OLJDomRGRDR
eEDVWDQWHLQVWUXWLYRH[DPLQDUDOLJDomRGRDRPLFURSURFHVVDGRU&RPR
PRVWUD D ILJXUD DOJXQV SLQRV GR WrP QRPHV TXH WDPEpP VmR
HQFRQWUDGRV QR $/( 5' :5 $'$' H ,20 $OpP GHVWHV VmR
LPSRUWDQWHV&(FKLSHQDEOHHDVSRUWDVGH(63$3%H3&
$FRLQFLGrQFLDGHQRPHVGHSLQRVHQWUHRVGRLVFKLSVpSURSRVLWDOHDOLJDomR
HQWUHHOHVGHIDWRVHID]SHODLQWHUFRQH[mRGRVSLQRVGHPHVPRQRPH'HVWD
IRUPD R EDUUDPHQWR TXH PXOWLSOH[D GDGRV H GH HQGHUHoRV GR p OLJDGR
GLUHWDPHQWH DR DWUDYpV GDV OLQKDV $' 2 p FDSD] GH ID]HU D
VHSDUDomRHQWUHGDGRVHHQGHUHoRVSRLVUHFHEHWDPEpPRVLQDO$/(
$OpPGRVGDGRVHHQGHUHoRVRUHFHEHRVVLQDLV5':5H,20 TXH
SHUPLWHP LGHQWLILFDU RSHUDo}HV GH OHLWXUD H HVFULWD HP PHPyULD QR FDVR RV
E\WHV GH 5$0 RX QRV SHULIpULFRV DV SRUWDV H R WHPSRUL]DGRU 2 VLQDO
&( ILQDOPHQWH p DWLYDGR SHOD VDtGD GH XP GHFRGLILFDGRU GH HQGHUHoRV GH
PRGRTXHRUHVSRQGHVRPHQWHHPXPDGHWHUPLQDGDIDL[DGHHQGHUHoRV
SDUDHYLWDUFRQIOLWRVFRPRXWURVSHULIpULFRV
1RWHDLQGDTXHRVHQGHUHoRVGDWDEHODQmRVmRGHWHUPLQDGRVSHOR
PDVVLPSHORSURMHWLVWDGRKDUGZDUHRQGHRFRPSRQHQWHpXWLOL]DGR
&RQILJXUDomRGR
8PD YH] TXH R SRGH VHU RSHUDGR GH GLYHUVDV IRUPDV p QHFHVViULR
FRQILJXUiORGHDFRUGRFRPRVREMHWLYRVTXHVHWHPHPPHQWH3DUDWDQWRp
QHFHVViULR HVFUHYHU XPD SDODYUD GH FRQILJXUDomR QXP UHJLVWUDGRU GHVWH
3RUWDVGHHQWUDGDHVDtGD

FRPSRQHQWH FKDPDGR UHJLVWUDGRU GH FRPDQGR FRPPDQG UHJLVWHU (VWH UHJLVWUDGRU

WHPRLWRELWVDIXQomRGHFDGDELWHVWiGHVFULWDQDILJXUD
7
TM2 TM1 IEB IEA PC2 PC1 PB PA

PA
PB
PC
controle do
timer
Interrupo PA
Interrupo PB
0 - entrada
1 - sada
00
11
01
10
- ALT1
- ALT2
- ALT3
- ALT4
0 - desabilita
1 - habilita
)LJ2UHJLVWUDGRUGHFRPDQGRGR
2VELWVHFRQILJXUDPDVSRUWDV$H%FRPRVHQGRGHHQWUDGDRXGHVDtGDH
QRFDVRGR$EDFXVpLQWHUHVVDQWHFRQILJXUDUDSRUWD$FRPRHQWUDGDHDSRUWD
%FRPRVDtGDSRUFDXVDGDVFKDYHVHGRVOHGV$SRUWD&QmRpVLPXODGDQR
$EDFXVHSRULVVRVHXIXQFLRQDPHQWRQmRVHUiGHWDOKDGRDTXL
([HPSORHH[HUFtFLRV
2 SURJUDPD DEDL[R DFHQGH VHTHQFLDOPHQWH RV OHGV FRQHFWDGRV j SRUWD %
GR 1RWH R XVR GD VXEURWLQD '(/$< TXH ID] FRP TXH FDGD OHG
SHUPDQHoDDFHVRGXUDQWHDOJXQVLQVWDQWHVSDUDTXHVHWHQKDRHIHLWRYLVXDO
GHVHMDGR
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Leds.asm - Utilizacao de perifericos
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
COMMAND EQU 20H
LEDS
EQU 22H
DELAY
EQU 05F1H
ORG 2000H
LXI SP,20C0H
; Inicializa pilha
MVI A,02H
; Porta B como saida
OUT COMMAND
MVI A,01H
LOOP:
OUT LEDS
; Acende o LED correspondente a A
RLC
; Rotaciona LED a acender
PUSH PSW
MVI D,02H
; Atraso de 200ms
CALL DELAY
; Espera para ver LED aceso
POP PSW
JMP LOOP
RET
END

&RPSOHWHRSURJUDPDGRLWHPGHIRUPDTXHRYDORUFRORFDGRQDSRUWDGH
VDtGDDSDUHoDWDPEpPQRFDPSRGHGDGRVGRPRVWUDGRU
(VFUHYDXPSURJUDPDVHPHOKDQWHPDVTXHIDoDURWDFLRQDUXPOHGDSDJDGR
,QYHUWDRVHQWLGRGHURWDomRGRVOHGV
,PSOHPHQWHXPFRQWDGRUFXMRYDORUDSDUHoDHPIRUPDELQiULDQRVOHGV
(VFUHYDXPSURJUDPDTXHOHLDXPQ~PHURQGRWHFODGRQHTXH
DFHQGDHQWmRRVQOHGVPHQRVVLJQLILFDWLYRVSRUH[HPSORVHQ GHYHP
DFHQGHURVOHGVFRUUHVSRQGHQWHVDRVELWVH2SURJUDPDGHYH
HQWmRYROWDUDRLQtFLRDFHLWDQGRQRYRYDORUSDUDQ
'LFDQRWHTXHRQ~PHURTXHGHYHVHUFRORFDGRQDSRUWDGHVDtGD
SDUD DFHQGHU RV OHGV FRUUHVSRQGH D Q (VWH YDORU SRGH VHU
FDOFXODGRHPXP ORRS XWLOL]DQGR DV LQVWUXo}HV 5/& H 25,+
8PDRXWUDVROXomRSRVVtYHOpXWLOL]DU67&H5$/
2 SURJUDPD DEDL[R FRQWUROD RV OHGV GH DFRUGR FRP DV FKDYHV OLJDGDV j
SRUWD$GR$
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Chaves.asm - Utilizacao de perifericos
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
COMMAND EQU 20H
CHAVES EQU 21H
LEDS
EQU 22H
ORG 2000H
MVI A,02H
; Porta A como entrada, B como saida
OUT COMMAND
LOOP:
IN CHAVES
; Le chaves para o acumulador
OUT LEDS
; Acende os LEDs correspondentes
JMP LOOP
RET
END
(VFUHYDXPSURJUDPDTXHFRQWUROHRVOHGVGHDDSDUWLUGDVFKDYHVGH
PHVPRQ~PHUR$FKDYHGHYHVHUXPDFKDYHGHFRQWUROHTXHGHWHUPLQD
FRPRRVGHPDLVOHGVGHYHPUHDJLUjVFKDYHVFRPDFKDYHDEHUWDRVOHGV
HDVFKDYHVGHDGHYHPVHFRPSRUWDUGHIRUPDTXHDXPDFKDYHIHFKDGD
FRUUHVSRQGD XP OHG DFHVR H D XPD FKDYH DEHUWD XP OHG DSDJDGR FRP D
FKDYHIHFKDGDHVWDUHODomRGHYHVHLQYHUWHU2OHGGHYHILFDUDSDJDGR
TXDQGRDFKDYHHVWLYHUDEHUWDHDFHQGHUTXDQGRHVWDIRUIHFKDGD
(VFUHYDXPSURJUDPDTXHOHLDDVWUrVFKDYHVPHQRVVLJQLILFDWLYDVDWUDYpVGD
SRUWD$HDVVRFLHDFDGDFRPELQDomRGDVFKDYHVXPQ~PHURELQiULRQGH
FKDYHV DEHUWDV D FKDYHV IHFKDGDV $ TXDOTXHU LQVWDQWH GHYHP
ILFDUDFHVRVVHPSUHRVQOHGVPHQRVVLJQLILFDWLYRV
$VVHPEO\SDUDR3&
(VWHFDStWXORDSUHVHQWDDVIHUUDPHQWDVGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRDVVHPEOHUOLQNHU
GHEXJJHU SDUD SURJUDPDV HP DVVHPEO\ HVFULWRV SDUD 3&V FRP VLVWHPD
RSHUDFLRQDO:LQGRZVRX06'26
2DVVHPEOHU
2 DVVHPEOHU XWLOL]DGR SDUD RV H[HPSORV p R 0$60 $ SDUWLU GR
SURJUDPDIRQWH TXH GHYH HVWDU HP XP DUTXLYRWH[WR GH H[WHQVmR DVP VmR
JHUDGRVRDUTXLYRFRPRVFyGLJRVREMHDOLVWDJHPOVW
$V SULQFLSDLV GLUHWLYDV XWLOL]DGDV SDUD HVFUHYHU SURJUDPDV HP $60 VmR
DSUHVHQWDGDVQDWDEHOD
120(
$6680(
(1'
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25*
6(*0(17
(1'6
'%
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352&
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38%/,&
(;751
)81d2
$VVRFLDUHJLVWUDGRUGHVHJPHQWRDXPQRPHGHVHJPHQWR
,QGLFDILQDOGDOLVWDJHPHSRQWRGHHQWUDGD
'HILQHXPVLQ{QLPR
(VWDEHOHFHRHQGHUHoRGDSUy[LPDLQVWUXomRRXYDUJOREDO
,QGLFDLQtFLRGHVHJPHQWR
,QGLFDILQDOGHVHJPHQWR
5HVHUYDHLQLFLDOL]DiUHDGHXPRXPDLVE\WHV
,GHPXPRXPDLVZRUGV
,QGLFDLQtFLRGHVXEURWLQD
,QGLFDILQDOGHVXEURWLQD
7RUQDXPVtPERORYLVtYHODSDUWLUGHRXWURVPyGXORV
,QIRUPDR0$60GHTXHXPVtPERORpGHILQLGRIRUDGR
PyGXORTXHHVWiVHQGRPRQWDGR
7DE3ULQFLSDLVGLUHWLYDVGR$60

20$60SRGHVHUFKDPDGRVHPSDUkPHWURVFDVRHPTXHSDVVDDVROLFLWDUDV
LQIRUPDo}HVGHTXHQHFHVVLWD2XWUDIRUPDPDLVUiSLGDGHFKDPiORp
0$60QRPHGRDUTXLYRIRQWH!
(VWD IRUPD JHUD RV DUTXLYRV REM H OVW DOpP GH XP DUTXLYR GH UHIHUrQFLDV
FUX]DGDVFUITXHQmRpGHLQWHUHVVHSUiWLFRSDUDSURJUDPDVSHTXHQRV
2OLQNHU
2 OLQNHU /,1. UHFHEH FRPR HQWUDGD XP RX PDLV DUTXLYRVREMHWR REM H
JHUDRVVHJXLQWHVDUTXLYRV
SURJUDPDH[HFXWiYHOH[H
PDSDGHOLQNDJHPPDS
WDEHODGHVtPERORVV\P
$VVLPFRPRR0$60R/,1.SRGHVHUFKDPDGRVHPSDUkPHWURVSDUDTXH
VROLFLWHDVLQIRUPDo}HVGHTXHSUHFLVD$VLQWD[HDOWHUQDWLYDp
/,1.QRPHGRDUTXLYRREMHWRSULQFLSDO!>QRPHGHRXWURDUTXLYRREMHWR!@
(VWDJHUDRVDUTXLYRVPDSHH[H
2GHEXJJHU
26\PGHEpXPDIHUUDPHQWDXWLOL]DGDQDDQiOLVHHQDGHSXUDomRGHSURJUDPDV
H[HFXWiYHLV2GRPtQLRGDVVXDVIXQo}HVpGHJUDQGHLPSRUWkQFLDSDUDRERP
DSURYHLWDPHQWR GRV FDStWXORV VHJXLQWHV 3RU LVVR YDOH D SHQD LQYHVWLU XP
SRXFRGHWHPSRQRHVWXGRGRVVHXVSULQFLSDLVFRPDQGRV
$VLQWD[HSDUDDFKDPDGDGR6\PGHEp
6<0'(%RSo}HV>GULYH!@QRPH!H[WHQVmR!
6mRDFHLWRVDUTXLYRVFRPH[WHQVmRFRPELQH[HHKH[
$VRSo}HVVmR
.KDELOLWDDWHFODVFUROOORFNFRPREUHDN
6KDELOLWDFKDYHDPHQWRHQWUHDWHODGHVDtGDGRVGDGRVGRSURJUDPDHGR
6\PGHE
,LPLWDR,%03&
'HVWDVDRSomR6pDPDLVXWLOL]DGD

O caso de programas com mltiplos arquivos tratado no Anexo 7.
$VVHPEO\SDUDR3&

2 VLVWHPD GH QXPHUDomR DGRWDGR SRU GHIDXOW HP WRGRV RV FRPDQGRV GR
6\PGHEpRVLVWHPDKH[DGHFLPDO1~PHURVELQiULRV VmR DFHLWRV FRPR WDLV VH
VHJXLGRV GR VXIL[R % % H Q~PHURV GHFLPDLV GHYHP VHU VHJXLGRV GR
VXIL[R77
&RPDQGRV
2VFRPDQGRVPDLVXWLOL]DGRVTXHFRQYpPPHPRUL]DUVmR5'%':''
8$73H42VH[HPSORVDEDL[RLOXVWUDPDVXDDSOLFDomR
5PRVWUDRVUHJLVWUDGRUHVHRVIODJVGRSURFHVVDGRU
'%'6/PRVWUDRV+SULPHLURVE\WHVGRVHJPHQWRGHGDGRV
HQGHUHoDGRSRU'6
':'6/PRVWUDRVPHVPRVE\WHVGLVSRVWRVQDIRUPDGHZRUGV
'''6/PRVWUDRVPHVPRVE\WHVGLVSRVWRVQDIRUPDGHGRXEOH
ZRUGV
':6663/PRVWUDRV~OWLPRVZRUGVFRORFDGRVQDSLOKD
8 &6,3 / PRVWUD DR WRGR + LQVWUXo}HV D SDUWLU GD SUy[LPD
LQVWUXomRDVHUH[HFXWDGD
$ >DGGU!@ HQWUD HP PRGR DVVHPEOHU HP TXH p SRVVtYHO HVFUHYHU
SHTXHQRVSURJUDPDV
7H[HFXomRSDVVRDSDVVR
3 H[HFXomR GH XPD VXEURWLQD RX WUDWDGRU GH LQWHUUXSomR QXP ~QLFR
SDVVR
44XLWHQFHUUDRSURJUDPD
2 DQH[R DSUHVHQWD XPD UHODomR FRPSOHWD GRV FRPDQGRV GR 6\PGHE TXH
WDPEpPSRGHVHUYLVXDOL]DGDDWUDYpVGRSUySULRSURJUDPDFRPRFRPDQGR"
([HUFtFLRV
8WLOL]HRFRPDQGR$DVVHPEOHGR6\PGHESDUDFULDURSURJUDPDDEDL[R
MOV
MOV
INC
INC
AX,00FFH
BX,AX
AL
BX
(PVHJXLGDH[HFXWHRSURJUDPDSDVVRDSDVVRFRPRFRPDQGR7WUDFH
REVHUYDQGRRTXHDFRQWHFHQRVUHJLVWUDGRUHV(VWHSURFHGLPHQWRp~WLOSDUD
WLUDU SHTXHQDV G~YLGDV TXH SRVVDP VXUJLU GXUDQWH RV HVWXGRV 6H SUHFLVDU

VDEHURTXHDFRQWHFHQXPDFHUWDVLWXDomRLPDJLQHXPSHTXHQRH[HPSORH
H[HFXWHReXPDGDVPHOKRUHVIRUPDVGHHVWXGDUHDSUHQGHU
0RQWHRSURJUDPDDEDL[RHFDUUHJXHRQR6\PGHE
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Mensagem.asm - Escrevendo uma mensagem na tela
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
PILHA
SEGMENT STACK
DB 128 DUP(?)
PILHA
ENDS
DADOS
SEGMENT
MSG1
DB 'AGORA SEI ESCREVER MENSAGENS NA TELA DO
COMPUTADOR: $'
MSG2
DB 'MICROPROCESSADORES'
DADOS
ENDS
CODIGO
SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODIGO, DS:DADOS, SS:PILHA
MOV DS,AX
; INICIALIZACAO DE DS
MOV AH,09H
; SERVICO DO DOS
MOV DX,OFFSET MSG1 ; APONTA PARA O TEXTO
INT 21H
; EXECUTA FUNCAO DO DOS P/ MSG1
MOV DX,OFFSET MSG2
INT 21H
; IDEM, MSG2
MOV AH,4CH
; TERMINA E RETORNA AO DOS
INT 21H
; SERVICO DO DOS
CODIGO ENDS
END INICIO
([HFXWHR SDVVR D SDVVR DFRPSDQKDQGR D HYROXomR GRV UHJLVWUDGRUHV H D

VDtGDQDWHODFRPDQGR?$VOLQKDV
MOV AH,09H
LEA DX,MSG1
INT 21H
; FUNO DO DOS
; APONTA PARA O TEXTO
; SERVIO DO DOS
FKDPDPRWUDWDGRUGDLQWHUUXSomR+UHVSRQViYHOSRUXPJUDQGHQ~PHUR
GHVHUYLoRVRIHUHFLGRVSHORVLVWHPDRSHUDFLRQDO'26
2 WUDWDGRU GD LQWHUUXSomR + EXVFD LQLFLDOPHQWH HP $+ R Q~PHUR GD
IXQomR GHVHMDGD &RP LVVR HVWH WUDWDGRU SRGH RIHUHFHU DWp IXQo}HV
GLIHUHQWHV $OJXPDV GHVVDV IXQo}HV WrP VXEIXQo}HV TXH R XVXiULR
HVSHFLILFDDWUDYpVGHRXWURUHJLVWUDGRURTXHDXPHQWDROLPLWHGRQ~PHUR
GH VHUYLoRV SRVVtYHLV SDUD 2 Q~PHUR GH VHUYLoRV H[LVWHQWHV p GH
DOJXPDVFHQWHQDV2DQH[RGHVFUHYHDOJXQVGHVVHVVHUYLoRVHPRVWUDRQGH
FRQVHJXLUPDLVLQIRUPDo}HV
$VVHPEO\SDUDR3&

$IXQomRXWLOL]DGDQRH[HPSORSRUTXH$+ +VHUYHSDUDHVFUHYHU

XPDVWULQJQDWHODGRFRPSXWDGRU3DUDWDQWRpSUHFLVRREHGHFHUjVHJXLQWH
FRQYHQomRGHFKDPDGD
$+GHYHFRQWHURYDORU+
RSDU'6';GHYH DSRQWDU SDUD R SULPHLUR E\WH GD PHQVDJHP D
VHUHVFULWD
DPHQVDJHPGHYHWHUPLQDUSRUXPFDUDFWHUTXHQmRpHVFULWR
,GHQWLILTXHHFRUULMDRHUURQRSURJUDPDDQWHULRU
(VFUHYD XP SURJUDPD TXH OHLD FDUDFWHUHV GR WHFODGR H TXH HVFUHYD HVVHV
FDUDFWHUHVQDWHOD
'LFDFRQVXOWHDQH[RSDUDYHURTXHID]HPDVIXQo}HV++
H+GDLQWHUUXSomR+
0RGLILTXHRSURJUDPDDQWHULRUGHPRGRTXHWRGDVDVOHWUDVDSDUHoDPFRPR
PDL~VFXODVLQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWHGHFRPRIRUDPGLJLWDGDV
'LFDOHPEUHVHGRVFRQFHLWRVEiVLFRVVREUHPDQLSXODomRGHELWV
0HOKRUH R SURJUDPD GR LWHP DQWHULRU SDUD TXH VHMD SRVVtYHO OHU VWULQJV H
HVFUHYrODVQDWHOD(QFHUUHRSURJUDPDVHRFDUDFWHUGLJLWDGRIRU(QWHU
'LFD SDUD GHVFREULU R FyGLJR JHUDGR TXDQGR VH GLJLWD (QWHU
IDoD XP SHTXHQR SURJUDPD QR 6\PGHE TXH OHLD XPD WHFOD H
H[HFXWHR SDVVR D SDVVR $FRPSDQKH R UHJLVWUDGRU TXH UHFHEH R
FDUDFWHU GLJLWDGR SDUD GHVFREULU R YDORU UHFHELGR 2 PHVPR
SURFHGLPHQWR SRGH VHU XVDGR SDUD OHYDQWDU R YDORU DVVRFLDGR D
TXDOTXHUWHFOD
'LFD DV WHFODV GH IXQo}HV HVSHFLDLV FRPR SRU H[HPSOR )
JHUDP FyGLJRV GH E\WHV 1HVWH FDVR R SULPHLUR E\WH p VHPSUH
+$VVLPVHYSUHFLVDUGHVVDVWHFODVQRVHXSURJUDPDHVWHGHYH
OHU R WHFODGR H SHUJXQWDU VH R E\WH OLGR p QXOR &DVR VHMD GHYH
LPHGLDWDPHQWH OHU R WHFODGR PDLV XPD YH] SDUD WHU R FyGLJR
FRPSOHWR
(VFUHYD XP SURJUDPD TXH XWLOL]H D IXQomR + GD LQWHUUXSomR + TXH
RIHUHFH VHUYLoRV GR %,26 GR 3& (VWD LQWHUUXSomR WDPEpP SHUPLWH
HVFUHYHUFDUDFWHUHVQDWHODPDVDOpPGHHVSHFLILFDURFDUDFWHUHVFULWRYRFr
WDPEpP SRGH HVFROKHU VXD FRU &RQVXOWH R DQH[R SDUD REWHU PDLRUHV
GHWDOKHVVREUHHVWDIXQomR

7HVWHHGHSXUDomR
6XEURWLQDVQHDUHIDU
2 SUHVHQWH FDStWXOR p XP HVWXGR GLULJLGR SDUD GHVHQYROYHU DV KDELOLGDGHV GH
WHVWHHGHEXVFDGHHUURVHPSURJUDPDV
2HVWXGRH[SORUDDVGLIHUHQoDVHQWUHVXEURWLQDVQHDUHIDUTXHGLVWLQJXHPDV
FKDPDGDVGHVXEURWLQDVIHLWDVGHQWURGHXPPHVPRVHJPHQWRGDTXHODVIHLWDV
GHXPVHJPHQWRSDUDRXWUR
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;NearFar.asm - Um estudo sobre sub-rotinas near e far
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
PILHA
SEGMENT STACK
DB 128 DUP(?)
PILHA
ENDS
DADOS
SEGMENT
MSG1
DB 'FOI CHAMADA UMA SUB-ROTINA NEAR$'
MSG2
DB 'FOI CHAMADA UMA SUB-ROTINA FAR$'
DADOS
ENDS
CODIGO SEGMENT
PUBLIC SHOW1, INICIO, SHOW2, ENTER
SHOW1
PROC NEAR
; APRESENTA MSG EM DS:DX COM CRLF
MOV AH,09H
; WRITE STRING
INT 21H
CALL FAR PTR ENTER
RET
SHOW1
ENDP
MOV DS,AX
MOV DX,OFFSET MSG1
CALL SHOW1
MOV DX,OFFSET MSG2
CALL FAR PTR SHOW2
MOV AH,4CH
; TERMINATE
INT 21H
CODIGO ENDS

ROTINAS SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:ROTINAS
SHOW2
PROC FAR
; APRESENTA MSG EM DS:DX COM CRLF
MOV AH,09H
; WRITE STRING
INT 21H
CALL FAR PTR ENTER
RET
SHOW2
ENDP
ENTER
PROC FAR
MOV AH,02H
MOV DL,0DH
; CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)
INT 21H
MOV AH,02H
MOV DL,0AH
; LINE FEED (LF)
INT 21H
RET
ENTER
ENDP
ROTINAS ENDS
END INICIO
([SORUDQGRDVOLVWDJHQV
&ULHXPDUTXLYRFRPRSURJUDPDIRQWHGDGRDFLPD8WLOL]DQGRDOLVWDJHPGR
SURJUDPDHRVUHFXUVRVRIHUHFLGRVSHORVSURJUDPDV0$60/,1.H6\PGHE
UHVSRQGDDVSHUJXQWDVTXHVHJXHP
4XDQWRVVHJPHQWRVWHPRSURJUDPDHTXDORWLSRGHFDGDXP"
4XDO R ODEHO TXH GHWHUPLQD R SRQWR GH HQWUDGD GR SURJUDPD H HP TXH
VHJPHQWRHOHILFD"
4XHOLVWDJHPIRLSUHFLVRFRQVXOWDUSDUDUHVSRQGHUDTXHVWmRDQWHULRU"
4XDO R RIIVHW GR ODEHO RQGH R SURJUDPD LQLFLD" 5HVSRQGD HVWD TXHVWmR
XWLOL]DQGRSHORPHQRVGRLVPpWRGRVGLIHUHQWHVHH[SOLTXHFDGDXPGHOHV
*HUH XP DUTXLYR GH OLVWDJHP OVW FRP R 0$60 QD KRUD GH PRQWDU R
SURJUDPD &DUUHJXH R SURJUDPD H[HFXWiYHO QR 6\PGHE H IDoD XP
GLVDVVHPEO\ FRP R FRPDQGR 8 &RPSDUH RV RIIVHWV GDV LQVWUXo}HV
PRVWUDGDVFRPDVJHUDGDVSHOR0$60QRDUTXLYRGHOLVWDJHP
4XDORYDORULQLFLDOGRSRQWHLURGDSLOKD"5HVSRQGDLQLFLDOPHQWHEDVHDGRQD
OLVWDJHPGRSURJUDPDIRQWHHGHSRLVFRQILUPHVXDUHVSRVWDFRPR6\PGHE
'HVFUHYDRSURFHGLPHQWRDGRWDGRHPFDGDXPGRVFDVRV
*HUH XP PDSD GH OLQNDJHP PDS FRP R /LQN QD KRUD GH OLQNDU R
SURJUDPD$QDOLVHDVLQIRUPDo}HVFRQWLGDVQDOLVWDJHPJHUDGD3RUTXHHVWD
QmRGL]RQGHUHVLGLUmRRVVHJPHQWRVTXDQGRRSURJUDPDIRUH[HFXWDGR"
7HVWHHGHSXUDomR

([SORUDQGRRVUHFXUVRVGR6\PGHE
&DUUHJXHRSURJUDPDH[HFXWiYHOQR6\PGHEHVLJDRVSDVVRVDEDL[R6HYRFrVH
SHUGHU H TXLVHU UHFRPHoDU EDVWD GDU R FRPDQGR / ORDG SDUD FDUUHJDU
QRYDPHQWHRDUTXLYRHUHLQLFLDOL]DURVUHJLVWUDGRUHV
)DoD XP GLVDVVHPEO\ GR SURJUDPD FRP R FRPDQGR 8 FRPSDUH DV
LQVWUXo}HV H[LELGDV FRP D OLVWDJHP GR SURJUDPDIRQWH ([SOLTXH GH RQGH
YHP R YDORU GR VtPEROR '$'26 QD OLQKD RQGH LQLFLD D H[HFXomR GR
SURJUDPD
1RWHTXHRGLVDVVHPEO\GRLWHPDQWHULRUQmRFRPHoRXDVHUIHLWRQRLQtFLR
GR VHJPHQWR RIIVHW + PDV VLP GR SRQWR GH HQWUDGD GR SURJUDPD
$+([SOLTXHSRUTXHRSRQWRGHHQWUDGDGRSURJUDPDQmRFRLQFLGH
FRPRLQtFLRGRVHJPHQWR
)DoD XP GLVDVVHPEO\ D SDUWLU GR LQtFLR GR VHJPHQWR GH FyGLJR FRP R
FRPDQGR 8 RX VLPSOHVPHQWH X ([SOLTXH R VLJQLILFDGR GDV
LQVWUXo}HVHQFRQWUDGDV
8WLOL]H R FRPDQGR 8 VHJPHQWR!RIIVHW! SDUD YLVXDOL]DU DV LQVWUXo}HV TXH
FRPS}HP DV VXEURWLQDV 6+2: H (17(5 ([SOLTXH FRPR YRFr
FRQVHJXHREWHURVYDORUHVGHVHJPHQWRHRIIVHWQHFHVViULRV
0RVWUHRVUHJLVWUDGRUHVHDSULPHLUDLQVWUXomRDVHUH[HFXWDGDXWLOL]DQGRR
FRPDQGR5SUHVWHDWHQomRHVSHFLDOQRSDU&6,3TXHDSDUHFHUHSHWLGRQR
LQtFLR GD WHUFHLUD OLQKD GDQGR R HQGHUHoR GR SRQWR GH HQWUDGD QR
SURJUDPD
&RPEDVHQRGLVDVVHPEO\GRLQtFLRGRSURJUDPDFRPDQGR8VHJXLGRGR
RIIVHW GR SRQWR GH HQWUDGD GR SURJUDPD GHWHUPLQH R YDORU TXH WHUi R
VHJPHQWR GH GDGRV 8WLOL]H HVWH YDORU QR FRPDQGR '%
VHJPHQWR!RIIVHW! SDUD YLVXDOL]DU DV PHQVDJHQV 06* H 06* H
H[SOLTXH FRPR GHWHUPLQDU RV YDORUHV GR RIIVHW SDUD FDGD XPD GDV
PHQVDJHQV
2 SURJUDPD XWLOL]D R UHJLVWUDGRU '6 SDUD DSRQWDU SDUD R VHJPHQWR GH
GDGRV1RHQWDQWRVHYRFrXWLOL]DURFRPDQGR'%'6RIIVHW!SDUDID]HU
DYLVXDOL]DomRGDVPHQVDJHQVDQWHVGHLQLFLDUDH[HFXomRGRSURJUDPDLVVR
QmRIXQFLRQD([SOLTXHSRUTXr
&RP R FRPDQGR 7 H[HFXWH DV SULPHLUDV GXDV LQVWUXo}HV GR SURJUDPD H
UHSLWDRFRPDQGR'%'6RIIVHW!GRH[HUFtFLRDQWHULRU([SOLTXHSRUTXH
DJRUDRFRPDQGRIXQFLRQD
7HQGR H[HFXWDGR DV GXDV SULPHLUDV LQVWUXo}HV H[HFXWH R FRPDQGR 8 ,3
SDUD YHU DV LQVWUXo}HV VHJXLQWHV &RQWLQXH D H[HFXomR SDVVR D SDVVR DWp

FKHJDUjDLQVWUXomR&$//2EVHUYHRVYDORUHVGRVUHJLVWUDGRUHV&6
,3 H 63 DQWHV H GHSRLV GD H[HFXomR GHVWD LQVWUXomR 1RWH TXH HVWD p XPD
FKDPDGD GH VXEURWLQD QHDU H TXH R HQGHUHoR GH UHWRUQR p FRQVWLWXtGR
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6H QHFHVViULR UHLQLFLDOL]H R VHX PLFURFRPSXWDGRU GHSRLV GD H[SHULrQFLD
DQWHULRU &DUUHJXH R SURJUDPD TXH FDXVRX R SUREOHPD QR 6\PGHE H
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DFRQWHFH D FDGD &$// RX 5(7 H SURFXUH H[SOLFDU FRPR R SURJUDPD VH
SHUGH7HQWHH[SOLFDUDPHQVDJHPTXHDSDUHFHQDWHODTXDQGRYRFrH[HFXWD
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3DUWLQGRQRYDPHQWHGRSURJUDPDRULJLQDOGDGRQRLQtFLRGRFDStWXORXWLOL]H
R HGLWRU GH WH[WR SDUD UHPRYHU D GLUHWLYD $6680( GR VHJPHQWR URWLQDV
6DOYH R SURJUDPD FRP XP QRYR QRPH FULH R H[HFXWiYHO H FDUUHJXHR QR
6\PGHE2EVHUYHRVYDORUHVGRVVHJPHQWRVGHFyGLJRHURWLQDV([SOLTXHR
TXHDFRQWHFHX
3DVVDQGRSDUkPHWURV
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GHSDUkPHWURVXWLOL]DGRQDVVXEURWLQDV6+2:H6+2:
0RGLILTXHDVVXEURWLQDV6+2:H6+2:GHPRGRTXHDSDVVDJHPGH
SDUkPHWURV VHMD IHLWD SHOD SLOKD )DoD WDPEpP DV PRGLILFDo}HV QHFHVViULDV
QRSURJUDPDSULQFLSDOSDUDFKDPDUDVQRYDVVXEURWLQDV
([HFXWH R SURJUDPD REWLGR QR LWHP DQWHULRU SDVVR D SDVVR QR 6\PGHE
YHULILFDQGRRFRPSRUWDPHQWRGDSLOKD&HUWLILTXHVHGHFRPSUHHQGHUWXGR
TXHDFRQWHFH
&RPSOHWH R SURJUDPD DSUHVHQWDGR QR ILQDO GD VHomR GH PRGR TXH R
Q~PHUR GH FDUDFWHUHV GDV GXDV PHQVDJHQV HVFULWDV QD WHOD WDPEpP VHMD
LQIRUPDGRDRXVXiULR
([HFXWH R SURJUDPD FULDGR QR LWHP DQWHULRU SDVVR D SDVVR QR 6\PGHE
YHULILFDQGR DV GLIHUHQoDV FRP R SURJUDPD DQWHULRU 2EVHUYH R
IXQFLRQDPHQWRGDYDULiYHOORFDOTXHFRQWDRVFDUDFWHUHVHVFULWRVQDWHOD
(QGHUHoDPHQWREDVHDGRH
LQGH[DGR
7DEHODVHPDWUL]HV
(VWH FDStWXOR H[SORUD D UHSUHVHQWDomR GH HVWUXWXUDV PDWULFLDLV QD PHPyULD
&RPRHVWDpXPDUUDQMROLQHDUHVVDVHVWUXWXUDVQmRSRGHPVHUUHSUHVHQWDGDV
VRE IRUPD ELGLPHQVLRQDO e QHFHVViULR WUDQVIRUPiODV HP XP FRQMXQWR GH
WDEHODVFDGDXPDGDVTXDLVDUPD]HQDRVGDGRVGHXPDOLQKDRXFROXQD
2REMHWLYRGHVWHFDStWXORpPRVWUDUFRPRVHSRGHXWLOL]DURPRGREDVHDGRH
LQGH[DGR SDUD IDFLOLWDU R HQGHUHoDPHQWR GRV HOHPHQWRV GH XPD PDWUL] 2V
H[HUFtFLRV GD VHomR VmR ~WHLV SDUD PHOKRUDU R HQWHQGLPHQWR GR XVR GH
ODEHOVHGHFRQVWDQWHVHWDPEpPSDUDHVFODUHFHUDVGLIHUHQoDVTXHH[LVWHPHQWUH
HVWUXWXUDVGHGDGRVEDVHDGDVHPE\WHVHHPZRUGV
&RQVLGHUHRSURJUDPDDEDL[RTXHGHILQHGXDVPDWUL]HV0H0FDGDXPD
HP XP VHJPHQWR GH GDGRV SUySULR H LQLFLDOL]DGDV FRP YDORUHV GLIHUHQWHV 2
SURJUDPD HIHWXD D VRPD GDV GXDV PDWUL]HV VREUHVFUHYHQGR D SULPHLUD GHODV
FRPRUHVXOWDGR
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Matrix.asm - Matrizes com enderecamento baseado indexado
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
M
EQU 10
N
EQU 20
PILHA
SEGMENT STACK
DW 80H DUP(?)
PILHA
ENDS
M1
SEGMENT
DB M * N DUP (10H)
M1
ENDS
M2
SEGMENT
DB M * N DUP (25H)
M2
ENDS

CODIGO
SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODIGO, SS:PILHA, DS:M1, ES:M2
PUBLIC ROW, COL
INICIO: MOV AX,M1
MOV DS,AX
MOV AX,M2
MOV ES,AX
MOV BX,0
ROW:
MOV SI,0
COL:
MOV AL,ES:[BX+SI]
ADD [BX+SI],AL
INC SI
CMP SI,N
JNZ COL
ADD BX,N
CMP BX,M*N
JNZ ROW
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
CODIGO ENDS
END INICIO
([HUFtFLRV
0RQWHRSURJUDPDHH[HFXWHRQR6\PGHE$FRPSDQKHRIXQFLRQDPHQWR
GRVUHJLVWUDGRUHV%;H6,HPRQLWRUHDVPDWUL]HV
9RFr SHUFHEHUi ORJR TXH p GHPRUDGR DYDQoDU QHVWH SURJUDPD QR PRGR
SDVVRDSDVVRVREUHWXGRVHGHVHMDUYHURUHJLVWUDGRU%;VHUDWXDOL]DGRFDGD
YH] TXH 6, WHUPLQD GH SHUFRUUHU XPD OLQKD 3DUD WRUQDU D GHSXUDomR PDLV
HILFLHQWHSRGHVHFULDUXPEUHDNSRLQWQRHQGHUHoRGDLQVWUXomRTXHDWXDOL]D
%; H GHSRLV XWLOL]DU R FRPDQGR * JR $ H[HFXomR VHUi UiSLGD SDUDQGR
DSHQDVTXDQGRRSURFHVVDGRUHQFRQWUDURHQGHUHoRTXHWHPREUHDNSRLQW
8WLOL]DQGRRFRPDQGR*YiULDVYH]HVVHJXLGDVYRFrSRGHREVHUYDUDPDWUL]
VHQGR SURFHVVDGD OLQKD D OLQKD 9HMD RV FRPDQGRV UHODFLRQDGRV DRV
EUHDNSRLQWVQRDQH[R
0RGLILTXHRSURJUDPDGHPRGRTXHDPEDVDVPDWUL]HVILTXHPQRPHVPR
VHJPHQWR H XWLOL]H D IRUPD GH HQGHUHoDPHQWR EDVHDGR LQGH[DGR FRP
FRQVWDQWH DGLFLRQDO SDUD UHIHUHQFLiODV $ FRQVWDQWH DGLFLRQDO GHYH VHU
XWLOL]DGDFRPRXPDEDVHFRQKHFLGDHPWHPSRGHPRQWDJHP
$WHQomR DTXL H[LVWHP YiULDV PDQHLUDV GH VH FRQVHJXLU XP SURJUDPD TXH
IXQFLRQH PDV QHP WRGDV WrP D PHVPD TXDOLGDGH 2V WUHFKRV GH OLVWDJHP
DEDL[RGmRH[HPSORVFRPHQWDGRVGRTXHSRGHVHUIHLWR
(QGHUHoDPHQWREDVHDGRHLQGH[DGR
DADOS
DADOS

SEGMENT
DB M*N DUP (?)
DB M*N DUP (?)
ENDS
...
MOV AL,[200+BX+SI]
ADD [BX+SI],AL
(VWHPpWRGRIXQFLRQDPDVpUXLPSRUTXHDFRQVWDQWHDSDUHFHGHQWUR
GDLQVWUXomR0296H0H1IRUHPDOWHUDGRVGHPRGRTXH0 1SDVVHD
VHU GLIHUHQWH GH R SURJUDPDGRU WHUi TXH VH OHPEUDU GH DWXDOL]DU HVVH
YDORU GHQWUR GD LQVWUXomR &RPR LVVR SRGH VHU IDFLOPHQWH HVTXHFLGR R
FyGLJRpYXOQHUiYHOHWHPEDL[DTXDOLGDGH
3DUDHYLWDUHVWHSUREOHPDSRGHUVHLDSHQVDUHPVXEVWLWXLU
MOV AL,[200+BX+SI]
SHODLQVWUXomR
MOV AL,[M*N+BX+SI].
(VWDDERUGDJHPWDPEpPIXQFLRQDHpFHUWDPHQWHPHOKRUGRTXHDDQWHULRU
SRUTXHDJRUDRYDORUGDFRQVWDQWHpFRUULJLGRDXWRPDWLFDPHQWH
0DVDLQGDKiXPSUREOHPDTXHSRGHDFRQWHFHUVHDOJXpPGHILQLUXPDQRYD
YDULiYHOGHQWURGRVHJPHQWRGHGDGRVDQWHVGDSULPHLUDPDWUL]RXDQWHVGD
VHJXQGDRVRIIVHWVGDVPDWUL]HVGHL[DPGHVHUUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHH0 1H
DtRSURJUDPDILFDHUUDGRGHQRYR3RULVVRDPHOKRUVROXomRFRQVLVWHHP
DGRWDUODEHOVSDUDDVPDWUL]HVFRPRLOXVWUDGRDEDL[R
DADOS
M1
M2
DADOS
SEGMENT
DB M*N DUP (?)
DB M*N DUP (?)
ENDS
...
MOV AL,[M2+BX+SI]
ADD [M1+BX+SI],AL
1RWH TXH 0 IRL XWLOL]DGR QD LQVWUXomR $'' HPERUD VHX YDORU QHVWH
H[HPSORVHMDLJXDOD]HUR$XWLOL]DomRGDFRQVWDQWHQRHQWDQWRJDUDQWHTXH
R SURJUDPD FRQWLQXH IXQFLRQDQGR FRUUHWDPHQWH PHVPR TXH D RUGHP GDV
PDWUL]HVGHQWURGRVHJPHQWRGHGDGRVVHMDLQYHUWLGDRXTXHRXWUDVYDULiYHLV
VHMDPGHILQLGDVDQWHVGDSULPHLUDPDWUL]2H[HPSORLOXVWUDDXWLOLGDGHGRV
ODEHOV TXH GHYHP VHU HPSUHJDGRV VHPSUH TXH IRU QHFHVViULR ID]HU
UHIHUrQFLDDXPRIIVHWGHQWURGHTXDOTXHUVHJPHQWR
0RGLILTXHRSURJUDPDFRQVWUXtGRQRLWHPDQWHULRUGHPRGRTXHRVYDORUHV
GRV HOHPHQWRV GDV PDWUL]HV VHMDP GH ELWV ZRUGV HP YH] GH E\WHV
2EVHUYHRSURJUDPDFRPFXLGDGRSRLVH[LVWHPYiULDVPRGLILFDo}HVDID]HU
$FUHVFHQWHDRSURJUDPDXPDWHUFHLUDPDWUL]SDUDUHFHEHURVUHVXOWDGRVGD
VRPDSUHVHUYDQGRDVGXDVPDWUL]HVTXHVmRVRPDGDV

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3URJUDPDVUHVLGHQWHV
2VLVWHPDRSHUDFLRQDO06'26QmRRIHUHFHVXSRUWHjPXOWLSURJUDPDomRGH
PRGRTXHQRUPDOPHQWHRXVXiULRVySRGHLQVWDODUQDPHPyULDXPSURJUDPD
GH FDGD YH] &RQVWLWXHP H[FHomR D HVVD UHJUD RV SURJUDPDV FKDPDGRV
UHVLGHQWHV RX 765V GR LQJOrV WHUPLQDWH DQG VWD\ UHVLGHQW 8P H[HPSOR GH
SURJUDPDUHVLGHQWHpRGRVNH\XWLOL]DGRSDUDOHPEUDURVFRPDQGRVGLJLWDGRV
SHORXVXiULRHIDFLOLWDUVXDUHSHWLomR2VYtUXVWDPEpPVmR765V
3DUD TXH VH WRUQH DWLYR XP SURJUDPD UHVLGHQWH SUHFLVD VHU FRORFDGR QD
PHPyULD SRU XP SURJUDPD LQVWDODGRU (VWH DORFD HVSDoR SDUD R FyGLJR TXH
GHYH SHUPDQHFHU UHVLGHQWH HVWDEHOHFH DV FRQGLo}HV SDUD TXH HVWH VHMD
H[HFXWDGRHHQWmRUHWRUQDDRSURPSWGRVLVWHPDRSHUDFLRQDO(VVDVFRQGLo}HV
GH H[HFXomR SRGHP YDULDU EDVWDQWH GH XP SURJUDPD SDUD RXWUR H p FRPXP
TXH LQFOXDP FRQWDJHP GH WHPSR RX GHWHFomR GH FRPELQDo}HV GH WHFODV jV
TXDLV R SURJUDPD UHDJH 1R FDVR GR GRVNH\ SRU H[HPSOR FDGD FRPDQGR
GLJLWDGRSHORXVXiULRHFRQILUPDGRFRPDWHFOD(QWHUpDUPD]HQDGRHPXPD
OLVWD $V WHFODV GH VHWDV H SDVVDP D WHU D IXQomR GH SHUFRUUHU HVVD OLVWD
FRORFDQGRRVFRPDQGRVMiGLJLWDGRVQRYDPHQWHjGLVSRVLomRGRXVXiULR
2V 765V FRQVHJXHP SURYRFDU HVVH WLSR GH PXGDQoD QR FRPSRUWDPHQWR GR
VLVWHPD DWUDYpV GD DOWHUDomR GH XP RX PDLV WUDWDGRUHV GH LQWHUUXSomR 3DUD
WDQWRPRGLILFDPDWDEHODGHLQWHUUXSo}HVGHPRGRDGHVYLDURWUDWDPHQWRGD
LQWHUUXSomRHPTXHVWmRSDUDXPWUHFKRGHFyGLJRUHVLGHQWHTXHDJHFRPRXP
WUDWDGRU DOWHUQDWLYR 8WLOLWiULRV VLPSOHV FRPR FDOFXODGRUDV H DJHQGDV TXH
DSDUHFHP DR WRTXH GH XPD FRPELQDomR GH WHFODV FRVWXPDP PRGLILFDU RV
WUDWDGRUHVGRUHOyJLRRXGRWHFODGRPDVRPHVPRSULQFtSLRVHDSOLFDWDPEpP
DSURJUDPDVPDLVVRILVWLFDGRVFRPRFRPSDFWDGRUHVGHGLVFRHJHUHQFLDGRUHV
GHPHPyULDTXHLPSOHPHQWDPDOJRULWPRVPDLVVRILVWLFDGRV

'26LGOHLQWHUUXSW
([LVWHPFDVRVHPTXHXPSURJUDPDUHVLGHQWHGHYHVHUDWLYDGRDVVLPTXHQmR
KRXYHU RXWUD WDUHID D VHU H[HFXWDGD D ILP GH DSURYHLWDU R WHPSR RFLRVR GR
SURFHVVDGRU(VWDpDVLWXDomRTXHVHWHPTXDQGRXPSURJUDPDDJXDUGDTXHR
XVXiULR GLJLWH DOJXP FRPDQGR RX TXDQGR QmR Ki TXDOTXHU SURJUDPD
FDUUHJDGR SDUD H[HFXomR (VWH PHFDQLVPR SRGH VHU ~WLO SRU H[HPSOR SDUD
LPSOHPHQWDU765VGHGLDJQyVWLFRTXHSRGHPYHULILFDURKDUGZDUHLQVWDODGR
HQTXDQWRQmRKiRXWUDVWDUHIDVSHQGHQWHV
8PD YH] TXH SRU KLSyWHVH QmR Ki TXDOTXHU DomR GR XVXiULR TXH SRVVD VHU
GHWHFWDGD SDUD GDU LQtFLR j H[HFXomR GR SURJUDPD UHVLGHQWH p SUHFLVR TXH
H[LVWD XPD RXWUD IRUPD GH DWLYiOR TXDQGR R VLVWHPD RSHUDFLRQDO HQWUDU HP
UHSRXVReHVWDDIXQomRGDLQWHUUXSomRQ~PHUR+GR'26FRQKHFLGDSRU
'26 LGOH LQWHUUXSW LQWHUUXSomR GH UHSRXVR FXMR WUDWDGRU p FKDPDGR
FRQWLQXDPHQWH VHPSUH TXH QmR Ki RXWUDV WDUHIDV SDUD SURFHVVDU 3RU GHIDXOW
HVVHWUDWDGRUWHPDSHQDVXPDLQVWUXomR,5(7GHPDQHLUDTXHQDGDDFRQWHFH
VHQmRKRXYHUXPSURJUDPD765LQVWDODGRTXHRPRGLILTXH
2SURJUDPDGDVHomRPRGLILFDRWUDWDGRUGDLQWHUUXSomR+SDUDLOXVWUDU
RIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRPHFDQLVPRGHLQWHUUXSomRGR
'26LGOHLQWHUUXSWHR:LQGRZV
$ H[LVWrQFLD GD LQWHUUXSomR GH UHSRXVR GR '26 FULRX XP SUREOHPD SDUD R
:LQGRZV&RPRHVWHpXPVLVWHPDTXHRIHUHFHVXSRUWHjPXOWLSURJUDPDomRR
IDWRGHXPDMDQHODGR06'26HVWDUHP UHSRXVR QmR VLJQLILFD TXH QmR KDMD
RXWUDV WDUHIDV D VHUHP H[HFXWDGDV 3RUWDQWR VH SDUD FDGD MDQHOD 06'26
DEHUWD R :LQGRZV WLYHVVH TXH FKDPDU FRQWLQXDPHQWH R WUDWDGRU GD
LQWHUUXSomR+TXHQRUPDOPHQWHH[HFXWDDSHQDVDLQVWUXomRGHUHWRUQR
RGHVHPSHQKRGDVRXWUDVDSOLFDo}HVSRGHULDVHUSUHMXGLFDGRVHPQHFHVVLGDGH
3RUFDXVDGLVVRH[LVWHXPDGLIHUHQoDHQWUHDH[HFXomRGR06'26DSDUWLUGR
:LQGRZV H R FDVR HP TXH VH LQLFLDOL]D R FRPSXWDGRU DSHQDV QR PRGR
06'26 1R SULPHLUR FDVR DV FKDPDGDV GR WUDWDGRU GD LQWHUUXSomR GH
UHSRXVR FHVVDP DSyV DOJXQV LQVWDQWHV GH LQDWLYLGDGH $VVLP R SURJUDPD GD
VHomRHQWUDHPUHSRXVRORJRGHSRLVTXHFHVVDDDWLYLGDGHGRWHFODGR,VWR
QmR LPSHGH TXH VH REVHUYH VHX IXQFLRQDPHQWR PDV SRGH VHU LQWHUHVVDQWH
UHLQLFLDOL]DURFRPSXWDGRUQRPRGR06'26SDUDREVHUYDUDGLIHUHQoD
'HVYLDQGRLQWHUUXSo}HV

2SURJUDPD
2SURJUDPDDVHJXLUGHVYLDRWUDWDGRUGDLQWHUUXSomR+SDUDXPWUHFKRGH
FyGLJRSUySULRTXHSHUPDQHFHUHVLGHQWHHLPSOHPHQWDXPFRQWDGRUPyGXOR
6XDFRQWDJHPDSDUHFHQDWHODQDSRVLomRDWXDOGRFXUVRUSHUPLWLQGRDVVLP
DFRPSDQKDUDVRFRUUrQFLDVGHVVDLQWHUUXSomR
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Ints86.asm - Interrupcoes do 8085
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
PILHA
SEGMENT STACK
DW 128 DUP (?)
PILHA
ENDS
DADOS
SEGMENT
CONT
DB 0
; CONTAGEM
ATRASO DB 0
; ATRASO
DADOS
ENDS
CODIGO SEGMENT
INICIO: MOV AX,CS
MOV DS,AX
; DS = CS
MOV AH,25H
; FUNCAO SET INT VECTOR
MOV AL,28H
; VETOR A MODIFICAR
MOV DX,OFFSET CONTA
; OFFSET DO TRATADOR
INT 21H
; SERVICO DO DOS
MOV AL,3
; RETURN CODE
MOV DX,0FFH
; PARAGRAPHS TO KEEP RESIDENT
MOV AH,31H
; TSR
INT 21H
; SERVICO DO DOS
CONTA: PUSH AX
PUSH BX
PUSH CX
PUSH DS
MOV AX,DADOS
MOV DS,AX
; DS -> DADOS
INC ATRASO
CMP ATRASO,00H
JNE SAIDA
MOV AL,CONT
INC AL
CMP AL,10
JNE OK
XOR AL,AL
; ZERA CONTAGEM
OK:
MOV CONT,AL
OR AL,30H
; TRANSFORMA EM ASCII
MOV AH,09
; FUNCAO "WRITE CHAR" DA INT 10H
MOV BH,0
; PAGINA DE VIDEO
MOV BL,7
; ATRIBUTO

SAIDA:
CODIGO
MOV CX,0001H
INT 10H
POP DS
POP CX
POP BX
POP AX
IRET
ENDS
END INICIO
; NUMERO DE CARACTERES
; SERVICO DO BIOS
([HUFtFLRV
&RPRDX[tOLRGR6\PGHEIDoDXPOHYDQWDPHQWRGRFyGLJRGRWUDWDGRUGD
LQWHUUXSomR+GR'26DQWHVGHFDUUHJDUTXDOTXHUSURJUDPDUHVLGHQWH
([HFXWH R SURJUDPD DFLPD D SDUWLU GR SURPSW GR '26 9HULILTXH
QRYDPHQWHR HQGHUHoR GR WUDWDGRU GD LQWHUUXSomR + H R FyGLJR TXH VH
HQFRQWUDOi([SOLTXHRTXHDFRQWHFHX
5HLQLFLDOL]H R FRPSXWDGRU H FDUUHJXH R SURJUDPD QR 6\PGHE ([HFXWHR
SDVVR D SDVVR DWp TXH R WUDWDGRU VHMD LQVWDODGR H D FRQWDJHP DSDUHoD QD
SRVLomR GR FXUVRU 6HP VDLU GR 6\PGHE HQFRQWUH D SRVLomR GD LQVWUXomR
,17+HVXEVWLWXDHVWDLQVWUXomRSRUGXDVLQVWUXo}HV123([SOLTXH R
TXHDFRQWHFHX
'LFDQmRXWLOL]HRVFRPDQGRV$DVVHPEOHRX(HGLWGR6\PGHE
SDUDID]HUDVDOWHUDo}HV6HIL]HULVVRYRFrQmRFRQVHJXLUi DOWHUDU
RVGRLVE\WHVTXHFRQVWLWXHPDLQVWUXomR,17+GHXPDVyYH]
HGXUDQWHRLQWHUYDORHPTXHRSULPHLURE\WHWLYHUVLGRVXEVWLWXtGR
SHORRSFRGHGDLQVWUXomR123+HRVHJXQGRE\WHDLQGDQmR
D LQVWUXomR GHFRGLILFDGD SHOR SURFHVVDGRU IDUi R SURJUDPD VH
SHUGHU3DUDID]HUDVXEVWLWXLomRGRVGRLVE\WHVDRPHVPRWHPSR
XWLOL]H R FRPDQGR ) ILOO 3RU H[HPSOR VH D LQVWUXomR ,17 +
HVWLYHUHP+RFRPDQGRp
)
2 TXH DFRQWHFH VH YRFr YROWDU D FRORFDU D LQVWUXomR ,17+ QD SRVLomR
GRVGRLV123V"
'LFD DJRUD R FDPLQKR PDLV IiFLO p XWLOL]DU R FRPDQGR $
DVVHPEOH
([SHULPHQWHYDULDURVYDORUHVGH%/H&;QDFKDPDGDSDUDDLQWHUUXSomR
+SDUDFULDUHIHLWRVFRORULGRVGHDFRUGRFRPDVLQIRUPDo}HVGRDQH[R
7UDEDOKDQGRFRPVWULQJV
,QLFLDOL]DomRHFySLDGHWDEHODV
2 REMHWLYR GHVWD VHomR p DQDOLVDU R HPSUHJR GDV LQVWUXo}HV 6726: H
0296:GRSDUDLQLFLDOL]DUXPDiUHDGHPHPyULDHFRSLDUXPDWDEHODGH
XPVHJPHQWRSDUDRXWUR
2 SURJUDPD D VHJXLU UHVHUYD XPD iUHD GH WUDEDOKR %8))(5 H XWLOL]D D
LQVWUXomR6726:SDUDLQLFLDOL]iOD(PVHJXLGDFRORFDXPDVpULHGHYDORUHVQD
SLOKDHFRSLDHVVHVYDORUHVSDUDDiUHDGHWUDEDOKRFRPDLQVWUXomR0296:
$ILPGHPDQWHURSURJUDPDVLPSOHVQmRIRUDPLQFOXtGDVHQWUDGDQHPVDtGD
GH GDGRV $ DQiOLVH GR IXQFLRQDPHQWR GHYH VHU IHLWD FRP D IHUUDPHQWD
6\PGHE8PH[HPSORFRPSOHWRFRPHQWUDGDSURFHVVDPHQWRHVDtGDSRGHVHU
HQFRQWUDGRQDVHomR
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Movs.asm - Copia de strings
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
WCOUNT EQU 10H
PILHA
SEGMENT STACK
DW 80H DUP (?)
PILHA
ENDS
DADOS
BUFFER
DADOS
SEGMENT
DW WCOUNT DUP(?)
ENDS
CODE
SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,SS:PILHA,ES:DADOS
PUBLIC SUJAR, START
MOV AX,DADOS
MOV ES,AX
LEA DI,BUFFER
MOV CX,WCOUNT
MOV AX,1111H
; VALOR INICIAL DOS WORDS DE BUFFER
CLD
; STRINGS MOVIDAS COM AUTO-INCREMENTO
STOSW
START:
REP

SUJAR:
LOOPNE
REP
CODE
MOV CX,WCOUNT
PUSH CX
SUJAR
MOV AX,SS
MOV DS,AX
MOV SI,SP
MOV CX,WCOUNT
LEA DI,BUFFER
MOVSW
; COLOCA WCOUNT WORDS NA PILHA

; DS = SS
; SI = TOP OF STACK
; WCOUNT WORDS DO STACK P/ BUFFER
ADD SP,2*WCOUNT ; LIMPA A PILHA

MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
; FIM
ENDS
END START
([HUFtFLRV
0RQWHRSURJUDPDDFLPDHFDUUHJXHRQR6\PGHE
(VWXGH D OLVWDJHP H LGHQWLILTXH DV VHo}HV GR SURJUDPD TXH ID]HP D
LQLFLDOL]DomRGDiUHDGHWUDEDOKRDFRORFDomRGHYDORUHVQDSLOKDHVXDFySLD
SDUDDiUHDGHWUDEDOKR
&RORTXH XP EUHDNSRLQW QR OXJDU GD LQVWUXomR TXH LQLFLDOL]D D iUHD GH
WUDEDOKRHYHULILTXHRFRQWH~GRGHVVDiUHDLPHGLDWDPHQWHDQWHVGDH[HFXomR
GHVVD LQVWUXomR ([HFXWHD FRP R FRPDQGR 7 H YHULILTXH QRYDPHQWH R
FRQWH~GRGDiUHDGHWUDEDOKR
4XDO R FULWpULR GH SDUDGD GR ORRS TXH VXMD D SLOKD" 4XH YDORUHV YRFr
HVSHUDTXHVHMDPFRORFDGRVOi"&RQWLQXHDH[HFXomRGRSURJUDPDSDVVRD
SDVVRHYHULILTXHVXDVSUHYLV}HV
$YDQFHDWpDH[HFXomRGDLQVWUXomRTXHFRSLDRFRQWH~GRGDSLOKD SDUD D
iUHDGHWUDEDOKR7HQWHSUHYHURQRYRFRQWH~GRGHVVDiUHDDSyVDH[HFXomR
GDLQVWUXomR0296:HGHSRLVYHULILTXHVXDVSUHYLV}HV
(VFUHYD XP SURJUDPD TXH FRSLH D WDEHOD GH YHWRUHV GH LQWHUUXSomR SDUD
XPD iUHD GH WUDEDOKR H TXH YHULILTXH HQWmR VH HVVD iUHD FRQWpP XP YHWRU
FRP R YDORU GR RIIVHW LJXDO D + $ EXVFD GHYH VHU IHLWD XWLOL]DQGR D
LQVWUXomR6&$6:HQmRGHYHVHUHQFHUUDGDVHKRXYHUDOJXPVHJPHQWRLJXDO
D + 2 SURJUDPD GHYH DSUHVHQWDU FRPR UHVXOWDGR R Q~PHUR GR
SULPHLURYHWRUHQFRQWUDGRFXMRRIIVHWp]HUR

9DUUHGXUDGHVWULQJV
2 SURJUDPD D VHJXLU VROLFLWD DR XVXiULR TXH GLJLWH XPD VHTrQFLD GH DWp
FDUDFWHUHV H HP VHJXLGD XP FDUDFWHU GH EXVFD $ VHTrQFLD GH FDUDFWHUHV p
HQWmRYDUULGDHPEXVFDGDSULPHLUDRFRUUrQFLDGHVVHFDUDFWHUFRPDLQVWUXomR
6&$6% $VVLP TXH IRU HQFRQWUDGR XP FDUDFWHU LJXDO DR FDUDFWHU GH EXVFD R
SURJUDPD DSUHVHQWD XPD PHQVDJHP GL]HQGR HP TXH SRVLomR GH D R
FDUDFWHUIRLHQFRQWUDGR&DVRRFDUDFWHUGHEXVFDQmRIDoDSDUWHGDVHTrQFLD
R SURJUDPD DSUHVHQWD XPD PHQVDJHP GL]HQGR TXH R FDUDFWHU QmR IRL
HQFRQWUDGR
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;Scas.asm - Varredura de strings
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
ENTER
EQU 0DH
PILHA
SEGMENT STACK
DW 100 DUP (?)
PILHA
ENDS
DADOS
SEGMENT
MSGSTR DB 'ENTRE COM A STRING: $'
MSGCHAR DB 'ENTRE COM O CARACTER A PROCURAR: $'
MSGFND DB 'O CARACTER FOI ENCONTRADO NA POSICAO $'
MSGNOT DB 'O CARACTER NAO FOI ENCONTRADO.'
CRLF
DB 0DH, 0AH, '$'
BUFFER DB 101 DUP (?)
DADOS
ENDS
CODE
SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,ES:DADOS,SS:PILHA
START: MOV AX,DADOS
MOV DS,AX
MOV ES,AX
LEA AX,MSGSTR
PUSH AX
CALL SHOW
;SOLICITA STRING
ADD SP,2
LEA AX,BUFFER
PUSH AX
CALL GETSTR
;STRING EM BUFFER E COMPRIMENTO EM CX
ADD SP,2
LEA AX,MSGCHAR
PUSH AX
CALL SHOW
; SOLICITA CARACTER
ADD SP,2
CALL GETCHAR
; CARACTER EM AL
LEA DI,BUFFER
CLD

REPNE
NO:
FIM:
SHOW
SHOW
GETSTR
LOOP:
SCASB
; VARRE STRING EM BUSCA DO CARACTER
JNZ NO
LEA AX,MSGFND
PUSH AX
CALL SHOW
; CARACTER ENCONTRADO
ADD SP,2
SUB DI,OFFSET BUFFER
DEC DI
; DI = OFFSET DO CARACTER EM BUFFER
MOV AX,DI
MOV BL,10
DIV BL
; DIVIDE OFFSET DO CARACTER POR 10;
MOV DX,AX
; DEZENA EM DL E UNIDADE EM DH
ADD DX,3030H
; CONVERTE P/ ASCII
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
; APRESENTA DEZENA
MOV DL,DH
INT 21H
; APRESENTA UNIDADE
MOV DL,'.'
INT 21H
; PONTO FINAL DA FRASE
JMP FIM
LEA AX,MSGNOT
PUSH AX
CALL SHOW
; CARACTER NAO ENCONTRADO
ADD SP,2
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
PROC NEAR
PUSH BP
MOV BP,SP
MOV AH,09H
LEA DX,CRLF
INT 21H
MOV DX,[BP+4]
INT 21H
POP BP
RET
ENDP
PROC NEAR
PUSH BP
MOV BP,SP
MOV BX,[BP+4]
MOV CX,00H
MOV AH,01H
INT 21H
CMP AL,ENTER
JZ OK
MOV [BX],AL
INC BX
; OFFSET DO CARACTER EM BUFFER
INC CX
; NUMERO DE CARACTERES LIDOS
CMP CX,100

JB LOOP
MOV BYTE PTR [BX],'$'
POP BP
RET
GETSTR ENDP
GETCHAR PROC NEAR
MOV AH,01H
INT 21H
RET
GETCHAR ENDP
CODE
ENDS
END START
OK:
([HUFtFLRV
0RQWHHH[HFXWHRSURJUDPDDFLPDHYHULILTXHTXHHOHIXQFLRQDFRQIRUPH
GHVFULWR
(VWXGHDOLVWDJHPHLGHQWLILTXHDVVHJXLQWHVVHo}HVQRSURJUDPDHQWUDGDGH
GDGRVSURFHVVDPHQWRHVDtGD
&DUUHJXHRSURJUDPDQR6\PGHEHFRORTXHXPEUHDNSRLQWQDSRVLomRHP
TXHDEXVFDHVWiSUHVWHVDVHLQLFLDU([HFXWHRSURJUDPDDWpHVWHSRQWRH
XWLOL]HRFRPDQGRGHYLVXDOL]DomRGRFRQWH~GRGDPHPyULDSDUDREVHUYDUD
YDULiYHO%8))(52EVHUYHWDPEpPRVYDORUHVGRVUHJLVWUDGRUHV$/H&;
HFHUWLILTXHVHGHFRPSUHHQGHUVHXSDSHOQRSURJUDPD
&RQWLQXH D H[HFXomR GR SURJUDPD SDVVR D SDVVR 2EVHUYH FRPR R
UHJLVWUDGRU ', p SUHSDUDGR SDUD DSRQWDU SDUD R LQtFLR GD VWULQJ DQWHV GD
H[HFXomRGDOLQKD5(31(6&$6%4XDODLPSRUWkQFLDGRUHJLVWUDGRU&;
QDH[HFXomRGHVVDOLQKD"
&RPR GHYH VHU LQWHUSUHWDGR R FRQWH~GR GR UHJLVWUDGRU ', LPHGLDWDPHQWH
DSyV D H[HFXomR GD OLQKD 5(31( 6&$6%" 5HODFLRQH VXD UHVSRVWD FRP R
YDORUGR]HURIODJ
([SOLTXH GH IRUPD VLPSOHV H REMHWLYD FRPR R SURJUDPD ID] SDUD REWHU R
Q~PHURGHFLPDOGHDTXHUHSUHVHQWDDSRVLomRGRFDUDFWHUQDVWULQJ
&RPHFH VXD H[SOLFDomR LPHGLDWDPHQWH DSyV D FKDPDGD GD VXEURWLQD
6+2:SDUDDSUHVHQWDUDPHQVDJHP06*)1'
0RGLILTXH R SURJUDPD DFLPD SDUD DSUHVHQWDU WRGDV DV RFRUUrQFLDV GH XP
FDUDFWHUQXPDVWULQJHQmRDSHQDVDSULPHLUD
0RGLILTXHRSURJUDPDGHPRGRTXHVHMDSRVVtYHOXWLOL]DUDWHFODEDFNVSDFH
SDUDFRUULJLUDVWULQJTXHHVWiVHQGRGLJLWDGD

$QH[R,QVWUXo}HVGR
$EUHYLDWXUDVXWLOL]DGDVQDWDEHODGHLQVWUXo}HV
Abreviatura
dado
end
p
r
Z
S
P
CY
A
-/*/0/1
Significado
Constante de 8 bits
Endereo de 16 bits
Par de registradores (BC, DE ou HL)
Registrador (A, B, C, D, E, H ou L)
Zero flag
Sign flag
Parity flag
Carry flag
Auxiliary Carry flag
No afeta/afeta/zera/seta flag
'LUHWLYDV
Nome
DB <valor>(,...)
END
EQU
ORG <endereo>
Significado
Define byte
End
Equate
Origin
$VLQVWUXo}HV
(VWD VHomR DSUHVHQWD R FRQMXQWR GH LQVWUXo}HV GR $ FROXQD +H[D
FRQWpPRFyGLJRKH[DGHFLPDOGHFDGDLQVWUXomRDFROXQD=63&$GL]FRPR
FDGDLQVWUXomRDIHWDRVIODJVGHDFRUGRFRPDFRQYHQomRGDGDDFLPD
$ ILP GH OLPLWDU R WDPDQKR GD WDEHOD DOJXPDV LQVWUXo}HV IRUDP DJUXSDGDV
QXPD PHVPD OLQKD e R FDVR SRU H[HPSOR GD LQVWUXomR &03UHJLVWUDGRU!
3DUD DVVRFLDU RV RSFRGHV DRV UHJLVWUDGRUHV FRUUHWRV p SUHFLVR VDEHU TXH RV
RSFRGHV TXH VH UHIHUHP DRV UHJLVWUDGRUHV GH $ DWp / H DR HQGHUHoDPHQWR
LQGLUHWRGDPHPyULDILFDPVHPSUHQDVHJXLQWHRUGHP%&'(+/0H$
$VVLP QR FDVR GD LQVWUXomR DFLPD R RSFRGH %+ VLJQLILFD &03% H R
RSFRGH%)+VLJQLILFD&03$1RFDVRGRVSDUHVGHUHJLVWUDGRUHVDRUGHPp
%&'(+/H63VHIRURFDVR

Mnem.
ACI
ADC
ADC
ADD
ADD
ADI
ANA
ANA
ANI
CALL
CC
CM
CMA
CMC
CMP
CMP
CNC
CNZ
CP
CPE
CPI
CPO
CZ
DAA
DAD
DAD
DAD
DAD
DCR
DCR
DCR
DCR
DCR
DCR
DCR
DCR
DCX
DI
EI
HLT
IN
INR
INR
INR
INR
INR
INR
INR
INR
INX
JC
JM
JMP
JNC
JNZ
JP
JPE
JPO
JZ
LDA
LDAX
LDAX
Operando
dado
r
M
r
M
dado
r
M
dado
end
end
end
r
M
end
end
end
end
dado
end
end
B
D
H
SP
A
B
C
D
E
H
L
M
p
end
A
B
C
D
E
H
L
M
p
end
end
end
end
end
end
end
end
end
end
B
D
Opcode
CE
88-8F
8E
80-87
86
C6
A0-A7
A6
E6
CD
DC
FC
2F
3F
B8-BF
BE
D4
C4
F4
EC
FE
E4
CC
27
09
19
29
39
3D
05
0D
15
1D
25
2D
35
0B,1B,2B,3B
F3
FB
76
DB
3C
04
0C
14
1C
24
2C
34
03,13,23,33
DA
FA
C3
D2
C2
F2
EA
E2
CA
3A
0A
1A
ZSPCA
*****
*****
*****
*****
*****
*****
*****
*****
*****
-------------------******
*****
----------------*****
--------*****
---*---*---*---****-*
***-*
***-*
***-*
***-*
***-*
***-*
***-*
--------------------***-*
***-*
***-*
***-*
***-*
***-*
***-*
***-*
-----------------------------------------------------
Descrio
Soma dado imediato e CY a A
Soma registrador e CY a A
Soma byte endereado por HL e CY a A
Soma registrador a A
Soma byte endereado por HL a A
Soma dado imediato a A
A = AND de A com registrador
A = AND de A com byte endereado por HL
A = AND de A com dado imediato
Chamada de sub-rotina
CALL se CY = 1
CALL se S = 1
Complementa A
Complementa CY
Compara A com registrador
Compara A com byte endereado por HL
CALL se CY = 0
CALL se Z = 0
CALL se S = 0
CALL se P = 1 (parity even)
Compara A com dado imediato
CALL se P = 0 (parity odd)
CALL se Z = 1
Ajuste de A aps soma BCD
Soma o par BC a HL
Soma o par DE a HL
Soma o par HL a HL
Soma SP a HL
Decrementa A
Decrementa B
Decrementa C
Decrementa D
Decrementa E
Decrementa H
Decrementa L
Decrementa byte endereado por HL
Decrementa par de registradores ou SP
Desabilita interrupes
Habilita interrupes
Pra o processamento
L byte do end. de I/O fornecido p/ A
Incrementa A
Incrementa B
Incrementa C
Incrementa D
Incrementa E
Incrementa H
Incrementa L
Incrementa byte endereado por HL
Incrementa par de registradores ou SP
Desvia se CY = 1
Desvia se S = 1
Desvio incondicional
Desvia se CY = 0
Desvia se Z = 0
Desvia se S = 0
Desvia se P = 1 (parity even)
Desvia se P = 0 (parity odd)
Desvia se Z = 1
L byte do endereo fornecido para A
L byte endereado pelo par BC para A
L byte endereado pelo par DE para A
,QVWUXo}HVGR
Mnem.
LHLD
LXI
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
MVI
MVI
NOP
ORA
ORA
ORI
OUT
PCHL
POP
POP
PUSH
PUSH
RAL
RAR
RC
RET
RIM
RLC
RM
RNC
RNZ
RP
RPE
RPO
RRC
RST 0
RST 1
RST 2
RST 3
RST 4
RST 5
RST 6
RST 7
RZ
SBB
SBB
SBI
SHLD
SIM
SPHL
STA
STAX
STAX
STC
SUB
SUB
SUI
XCHG
XRA
XRA
XRI
XTHL
Operando
end
p,dado
A,r
B,r
C,r
D,r
E,r
H,r
L,r
M,r
r,M
r,dado
M,dado
r
M
dado
endereo
p
PSW
p
PSW
r
M
dado
endereo
endereo
B
D
r
M
dado
r
M
dado
Opcode
2A
01,11,21,31
78-7F
40-47
48-4F
50-57
58-5F
60-67
68-6F
70-77
46,4E,...,7E
06,0E,...,3E
36
00
B0-B7
B6
F6
D3
E9
C1-D1-E1
F1
C5-D5-E5
F5
17
1F
D8
C9
20
07
F8
D0
C0
F0
E8
E0
0F
C7
CF
D7
DF
E7
EF
F7
FF
C8
98-9F
9E
DE
22
30
F9
32
02
12
37
90-97
96
D6
EB
A8-AF
AE
EE
E3
ZSPCA
--------------------------------------------------------***00
***00
***00
------------*****
-----------*---*---------------*---------------------------*------------------------------------*****
*****
*****
---------------------------1*****
*****
*****
----***00
***00
***00
-----

Descrio
L word do endereo fornecido para HL
Copia dado imediato para par de regs
Copia reg para A
Copia reg para B
Copia reg para C
Copia reg para D
Copia reg para E
Copia reg para H
Copia reg para L
Copia reg para o byte endereado por HL
Copia byte endereado por HL para reg
Copia dado imediato para reg
Copia dado para o byte endereado por HL
Operao nula
A = OU de A com registrador
A = OU de A com byte endereado por HL
A = OU de A com dado imediato
Escreve A no endereo de I/O fornecido
Copia HL para PC (causa um desvio)
Desempilha um word e coloca no par p
Desempilha um word e coloca em PSW
Empilha par p
Empilha PSW
Rotaciona A + CY para a esquerda
Rotaciona A + CY para a direita
RET se CY = 1
Desempilha word e coloca em PC
Copia a mscara de interrupo para A
Rotaciona A esquerda; CY = MSB de A
RET se S = 1
RET se CY = 0
RET se Z = 0
RET se S = 0
RET se P = 1 (parity even)
RET se P = 0 (parity odd)
Rotaciona A direita; CY = LSB de A
Interrupo de software 0; PC = 0000H
RET se Z =1
Subtrai r e CY de A
Subtrai byte endereado por HL e CY de A
Subtrai dado imediato e CY de A
Copia par HL para os bytes end e end+1
Copia A para a mscara de interrupo
Copia HL para SP (afeta topo da pilha)
Copia A para o endereo fornecido
Copia A para o byte endereado por BC
Copia A para o byte endereado por DE
Seta CY
Subtrai r de A
Subtrai byte endereado por HL de A
Subtrai dado imediato de A
Permuta pares HL e DE
A = XOR de A com r
A = XOR de A com byte endereado por HL
A = XOR de A com dado imediato
Permuta HL com word no topo da pilha

$QH[R,QVWUXo}HVGR
$EUHYLDWXUDVIODJVHGLUHWLYDV
Short name
a
c
d
e
p
r
s
sr
sy
t
Flag
OF
DF
IF
TF
SF
ZF
AF
PF
CF
Affected?
Meaning
Address
Count
Destination
Expression or string
I/O port
Register
Source
Segment register (CS,DS,SS,ES)
Symbol
Type of symbol
Short
O
D
I
T
S
Z
A
P
C
-/*/0/1/?
Name
ALIGN
ASSUME sr:sy(,...)
ASSUME NOTHING
DB e(,...)
DBS e
DD e(,...)
DDS e
DW e(,...)
DWS e
END <label>
EXT (sr:)sy(t)
LABEL t
PROC t
Meaning
Overflow Flag (Bit 11)
Direction Flag (Bit 10)
Interrupt enable Flag (Bit 9)
Trap Flag (Bit 8)
Sign Flag (Bit 7)
Zero Flag (Bit 6)
Auxiliary carry Flag (Bit 4)
Parity Flag (Bit 2)
Carry Flag (Bit 0)
Unaffected/affected/reset/set/unknown
Function
Align to word boundary
Assume segment register name(s)
Remove all former assumptions
Define Byte(s)
Define Byte Storage
Define Double Word(s)
Define Double Word Storage
Define Word(s)
Define Word Storage
End and entry point of program
External(s)(t=ABS/BYTE/DWORD/FAR/NEAR/WORD)
Label (t=BYTE/DWORD/FAR/NEAR/WORD)
Procedure (t=FAR/NEAR, default NEAR)

7LSRV
ABS
BYTE
DWORD
FAR
HIGH
LENGTH
LOW
NEAR
OFFSET
PTR
SEGMENTO
SHORT
SIZE
THIS
TYPE
WORD
Absolute value of operand

Byte type operation
Double Word operation
IP and CS registers altered
High-order 8 bits of 16-bit value
Number of basic units
Low-order 8 bit of 16-bit value
Only IP register need be altered
Offset portion of an address
Create a variable or label
Segment of address
One byte for a JMP operation
Number of bytes defined by statement
Create a variable/label of specified type
Number of bytes in the unit defined
Word operation
$V,QVWUXo}HV
Mnemonic
AAA
AAD
AAM
S
ADC d,s
ADD d,s
AND d,s
CALL a
CBW
CLC
CLD
CLI
CMC
CMP d,s
CMPS
CWD
DAA
DAS
DEC d
DIV s
ESC s
HLT
IDIV s
IMUL s
IN d,p
INC d
INT
INTO
IRET
JB/JNAE a
JBE/JNA a
JCXZ a
JE/JZ a
JL/JNGE a
JLE/JNG a
ODITSZAPC
?---??*?*
?---**?*?
?---**?*?
?---??*?*
*---*****
*---*****
*---**?**
------------------------0
-0--------0-------------*
*---*****
*---*****
--------?---*****
?---*****
*---****?---?????
----------------?---?????
*---????*
--------*---****--00------**----*********
-------------------------------------------------
Description
ASCII Adjust for Add in AX
ASCII Adjust for Divide in AX
ASCII Adjust for Multiply in AX
ASCII Adjust for Subtract in AX
Add with Carry
Add
Logical AND
Call
Convert Byte to Word in AX
Clear Carry
Clear Direction (increment)
Clear Interrupt
Complement Carry
Compare
Compare memory at SI and DI
Convert Word to Double in AX,DX
Decimal Adjust for Add in AX
Decimal Adjust for Subtract in AX
Decrement
Divide (unsigned) in AX(,DX)
Escape (to external device)
Halt
Divide (signed) in AX(,DX)
Multiply (signed) in AX(,DX)
Input
Increment
Interrupt
Interrupt on Overflow
Interrupt Return
Jump on Below/Not Above or Equal
Jump on Below or Equal/Not Above
Jump on CX Zero
Jump on Equal/Zero
Jump on Less/Not Greater or Equal
Jump on Less or Equal/Not Greater
,QVWUXo}HVGR
Mnemonic
JMP a
JNB/JAE a
JNBE/J a
JNL/JGE a
JNE/JNZ a
JNLE/JG a
JNO a
JNP/JPO a
JNS a
JO a
JP/JPE a
JS a
LAHF
LDS r,s
LEA r,s
LES r,s
LOCK
LODS
LOOP a
LOOPNZ/LOOPNE a
LOOPZ/LOOPE a
MOV d,s
MOVS
MUL s
NEG d
NOP
NOT d
OR d,s
OUT p,s
POP d
POPF
PUSH s
PUSHF
RCL d,c
RCR d,c
REP/REPNE/REPNZ
REPE/REPZ
RET (s)
ROL d,c
ROR d,c
SAHF
SAR d,c
SBB d,s
SCAS
SEG r
SHL/SAL d,c
SHR d,c
STC
STD
STI
STOS
SUB d,s
TEST d,s
WAIT
XCHG r(,d)
XLAT
XOR d,s
ODITSZAPC
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*---????*
*---*****
----------------*---**?**
----------------*********
----------------*-------*
*-------*
-------------------------------*-------*
----*****
*---**?**
*---*****
*---*****
--------*---**?**
*---**?**
--------1
-1--------1-------------*---*****
*---**?**
------------------------*---**?**
Description
Unconditional Jump
Jump on Not Below/Above or Equal
Jump on Not Below or Equal/Above
Jump on Not Less/Greater or Equal
Jump on Not Equal/Not Zero
Jump on Not Less or Equal/Greater
Jump on Not Overflow
Jump on Not Parity/Parity Odd
Jump on Not Sign
Jump on Overflow
Jump on Parity/Parity Even
Jump on Sign
Load AH with 8080 Flags
Load pointer to DS
Load EA to register
Load pointer to ES
Bus Lock prefix
Load memory at SI into AX
Loop CX times
Loop while Not Zero/Not Equal
Loop while Zero/Equal
Move
Move memory at SI to DI
Multiply (unsigned) in AX(,DX)
Negate
No Operation (= XCHG AX,AX)
Logical NOT
Logical inclusive OR
Output
Pop
Pop Flags
Push
Push Flags
Rotate through Carry Left
Rotate through Carry Right
Repeat/Repeat Not Equal/Not Zero
Repeat Equal/Zero
Return from call
Rotate Left
Rotate Right
Store AH into 8080 Flags
Shift Arithmetic Right
Subtract with Borrow
Scan memory at DI compared to AX
Segment register
Shift logical/Arithmetic Left
Shift logical Right
Set Carry flag
Set Direction flag (decrement)
Set Interrupt flag
Store AX into memory at DI
Subtract
AND function to flags
Wait
Exchange
Translate byte to AL
Logical Exclusive OR

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LQLFLDOL]DGRHP)))(+
D GLUHWLYD $6680( GHYH UHIHUHQFLDU &6 H '6 DPERV SDUD R PHVPR
VHJPHQWR
QmRGHYHKDYHUVHJPHQWRVHSDUDGRGHGDGRV
GDGRVHFyGLJRGHYHPILFDUGHQWURGRPHVPRVHJPHQWR
QHQKXPUHJLVWUDGRUGHVHJPHQWRGHYHVHULQLFLDOL]DGR
DUTXLYRVFRPWrPXPFDEHoDOKRGHE\WHVRIIVHWVD))+QRLQtFLR
GRSURJUDPD
RVHJPHQWRGHFyGLJRGHYHLQLFLDUFRP25*+
RHQGHUHoR+WHPTXHVHURSRQWRGHHQWUDGD
QmRSRGHKDYHUGDGRVRXVXEURWLQDVDQWHVGHVVHHQGHUHoR

$PRQWDJHPHDOLQNDJHPGRSURJUDPDVmRIHLWDVGDPHVPDIRUPDFRPRQR
FDVRGRVDUTXLYRVH[HFRPRVVHJXLQWHVSDVVRV
MASM <nome>,,,,
LINK <nome>,,,,
'HSRLV GLVVR FRQYHUWHVH R DUTXLYR H[H HP XP DUTXLYR FRP 2 SURJUDPD
TXHID]HVWDFRQYHUVmRFKDPDVHH[HELQH[H
EXE2BIN <nome>.exe <nome>.com
2H[HPSORDVHJXLUPRVWUDXPSURJUDPDVLPSOHVHVFULWRSULPHLUDPHQWHFRPR
H[HHGHSRLVWUDQVIRUPDGRHPFRP&RPSDUHRVREVHUYDQGRDVFRQYHQo}HV
DSUHVHQWDGDV
9HUVmRH[H
PILHA
SEGMENT STACK
DB 128 DUP(?)
PILHA
ENDS
DADOS
SEGMENT
MSG1
DB Este programa
DADOS
ENDS
CODIGO SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODIGO,
MOV DS,AX
;
MOV AH,09H
LEA DX,MSG1
;
INT 21H
;
MOV AH,4CH
;
INT 21H
CODIGO ENDS
END INICIO
tem formato .exe.$
DS:DADOS, SS:PILHA
Inicializacao de DS
Aponta para o texto
Escreve MSG1 na tela
Termina e retorna ao DOS
9HUVmRFRP
CODIGO
SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODIGO,
ORG 100H
INICIO: MOV AH,09H
LEA DX, MSG1
;
INT 21H
;
MOV AH,4CH
;
INT 21H
MSG1
DB Este programa
CODIGO ENDS
END INICIO
DS:CODIGO
Aponta para o texto
Escreve MSG1 na tela
Termina e retorna ao DOS
tem formato .com.$
$QH[R$GLUHWLYD$6680(
$ GLUHWLYD $6680( DVVRFLD XP UHJLVWUDGRU GH VHJPHQWR D XP VHJPHQWR
GHWHUPLQDGR (VWD DVVRFLDomR SRGH SDUHFHU D SULQFtSLR GHVQHFHVViULD PDV p
H[WUHPDPHQWH~WLOHPVLWXDo}HVFRPRDH[SOLFDGDDVHJXLU
6XSRQKD XP SURJUDPD TXH XWLOL]H RV GRLV VHJPHQWRV GH GDGRV DSUHVHQWDGRV
DEDL[RHTXHSUHWHQGDHQGHUHoDU'$'26YLD'6H'$'26YLD(6
DADOS1
X1
Y1
Z1
DADOS1
DADOS2
X2
Y2
Z2
DADOS2
SEGMENT
DB 01
DB 01
DB 01
ENDS
SEGMENT
DB 02
DB 02
DB 02
ENDS
2JUDQGHEHQHItFLRGDGLUHWLYD$6680(HVWiHPGLVSHQVDURSURJUDPDGRUGH
HVFUHYHURSUHIL[RGHPRGLILFDomRGHVHJPHQWRVHJPHQWRYHUULGHSUHIL[QDV
LQVWUXo}HVTXHUHIHUHQFLDPGDGRVIRUDGRVHJPHQWRGHIDXOW
6HLVWRQmRIRVVHDVVLPHQWmRDVLQVWUXo}HVGHDFHVVRjVYDULiYHLV;<H=
SUHFLVDULDP LQFOXLU R SUHIL[R GH PRGLILFDomR GH VHJPHQWR (6 FRPR SRU
H[HPSORHP
MOV AL,ES:X2
TXHRDVVHPEOHUFRQVWUXLULDFRPR
MOV AL,ES:[0000H]
HPTXH+pRRIIVHWGDYDULiYHO;

(VWDDERUGDJHPWHULDGXDVJUDQGHVGHVYDQWDJHQV
VHRSUHIL[RIRVVHHVTXHFLGRRDVVHPEOHUDLQGDXWLOL]DULDRRIIVHWGDYDULiYHO
;PDVJHUDULDRFyGLJR
MOV AL,[0000H]
HDFDEDULDHQGHUHoDQGRDYDULiYHO;
VHDYDULiYHO;SUHFLVDVVHVHUPXGDGDSDUDRVHJPHQWR'$'26HQWmRR
SURJUDPDGRU WHULD TXH SHUFRUUHU D OLVWDJHP H UHWLUDU R SUHIL[R GH
PRGLILFDomRGHVHJPHQWRGHWRGDVDVLQVWUXo}HVTXHUHIHUHQFLDVVHP;GD
PHVPD IRUPD XPD YDULiYHO SDVVDGD GR VHJPHQWR '$'26 SDUD R
VHJPHQWR'$'26WHULDTXHUHFHEHURSUHIL[RHPWRGDVDVLQVWUXo}HVTXH
DUHIHUHQFLDVVHP
&RP D GLUHWLYD $6680( SRUpP QmR p QHFHVViULR XWLOL]DU R SUHIL[R GH
PRGLILFDomR GH VHJPHQWR TXDQGR VH UHIHUHQFLD XPD YDULiYHO SHOR QRPH 2
DVVHPEOHUSURFXUDRQRPHGDYDULiYHOQRVVHJPHQWRVHJHUDRFyGLJRFRPR
SUHIL[R GH PRGLILFDomR GH VHJPHQWR VH QHFHVViULR PHVPR TXH HVWH QmR
DSDUHoDQRFyGLJRIRQWH
(P WHUPRV GR H[HPSOR DQWHULRU LVWR VLJQLILFD TXH R FyGLJR JHUDGR SDUD D
LQVWUXomR
MOV AL,Y2
VHULD
MOV AL,ES:[0001].
0DLV DLQGD VH < IRVVH PRYLGD SDUD R VHJPHQWR '$'26 R DVVHPEOHU
SDVVDULD D JHUDU R FyGLJR FRUUHWR VHP SUHFLVDU GH TXDOTXHU DOWHUDomR QR
SURJUDPDIRQWH
$ WtWXOR GH H[HUFtFLR H[SHULPHQWH PRQWDU R SURJUDPD D VHJXLU JHUDQGR D
OLVWDJHP /67 1HVWD OLVWDJHP REVHUYH TXH DR UHIHUHQFLDU DV YDULiYHLV GR
VHJPHQWR '$'26 SDUD R TXDO YDOH $6680( (6 R PRQWDGRU LQFOXL
DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH R SUHIL[R GH PRGLILFDomR GH VHJPHQWR UHFRQKHFtYHO SHOR
FyGLJRKH[DGHFLPDO+([SHULPHQWHUHWLUDUDGLUHWLYDRXPXGDUYDULiYHLVGH
XPVHJPHQWRRXWURDFRPSDQKDQGRRTXHRDVVHPEOHUID]
PILHA
PILHA
DADOS1
X1
Y1
Z1
DADOS1
SEGMENT STACK
DB 128 DUP (?)
ENDS
SEGMENT
DB 01
DB 01
DB 01
ENDS
$GLUHWLYD$6680(
DADOS2
X2
Y2
Z2
DADOS2
CODIGO
START:
CODIGO
SEGMENT
DB 02
DB 02
DB 02
ENDS
SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODIGO, SS:PILHA, DS:DADOS1, ES:DADOS2
MOV AX,DADOS1
MOV DS,AX
MOV AX,DADOS2
MOV ES,AX
MOV X1,11H
MOV Y1,11H
MOV Z1,11H
MOV X2,22H
MOV Y2,22H
MOV Z2,22H
MOV AH,4CH
; TERMINAR
INT 21H
ENDS
END START

$QH[R3URJUDPDVFRP
P~OWLSORVDUTXLYRV
4XDQGR VH WUDEDOKD FRP SURMHWRV PDLRUHV GHVHQYROYLGRV HP HTXLSH p
LQWHUHVVDQWH GLVWULEXLU DV WDUHIDV GH LPSOHPHQWDomR GH FyGLJR 3DUD WDQWR DV
IHUUDPHQWDVGHVRIWZDUHDVVHPEOHUOLQNHUGHYHPVHUFDSD]HVGH
PRQWDU VHSDUDGDPHQWH GLIHUHQWHV DUTXLYRVIRQWH TXH UHIHUHQFLHP GDGRV H
VXEURWLQDVXQVGRVRXWURV
UHXQLU RV DUTXLYRVREMHWR JHUDGRV GHVWD IRUPD QXP ~QLFR DUTXLYR
H[HFXWiYHO
([LVWHPDTXLGRLVSUREOHPDVFXMDVROXomRpGHVFULWDDVHJXLU
2SULPHLURSUREOHPDDSDUHFHTXDQGRXPDUTXLYRIRQWHUHIHUHQFLDXPVtPEROR
GHFODUDGR HP RXWUR DUTXLYR 1HVWH FDVR VH QDGD IRU IHLWR R DVVHPEOHU JHUD
XPDPHQVDJHPGHHUURUHFODPDQGRGRVtPERORGHVFRQKHFLGR3DUDHYLWDUTXH
HVWHHUURVHMDJHUDGRXWLOL]DVHDGLUHWLYD(;751TXHGL]DRDVVHPEOHUSDUD
LJQRUDURHUURSURPHWHQGROKHTXHROLQNHUHQFRQWUDUiRVtPERORPDLVWDUGH
$VLQWD[HGDGLUHWLYDp
(;751QRPHGRVtPERORH[WHUQR!WLSRGRVtPERORH[WHUQR!
3RUH[HPSORVHXPDUTXLYRIRQWHFRQWpPDOLQKD
&$//)$53756+2:06*
H6+2:06*pXPDVXEURWLQDGHILQLGDHPRXWURDUTXLYRHQWmRDGLUHWLYD
(;7516+2:06*)$5
GHYHVHUFRORFDGD QR LQtFLR GR VHJPHQWR GH FyGLJR TXH FRQWpP R &$// 2
DVVHPEOHUJHUDUiHQWmRRFyGLJRFRUUHVSRQGHQWHD&$//FDEHQGR
DR OLQNHU FRUULJLU R HQGHUHoR GH FKDPDGD TXDQGR UHXQLU RV GLIHUHQWHV
DUTXLYRVREMHWR
2VHJXQGRSUREOHPDTXHWHPTXHVHUUHVROYLGRpTXHSRUGHIDXOWROLQNHUQmR
WHPDFHVVRDRVVtPERORVGHFODUDGRVGHQWURGHXPDUTXLYRIRQWH3RUWDQWRQR

H[HPSORDFLPDQmREDVWDTXHRDUTXLYRTXHFKDPDDVXEURWLQD6+2:06*
VHMDOLQNDGRFRPRDUTXLYRREMHWRTXHFRQWpPVXDLPSOHPHQWDomReSUHFLVR
GL]HU DR DVVHPEOHU Mi QD JHUDomR GR FyGLJR REMHWR TXH GLYXOJXH R VtPEROR
6+2:06* SDUD TXH R OLQNHU SRVVD HQFRQWUiOR PDLV WDUGH ,VWR VH ID]
FRORFDQGRDGLUHWLYD
38%/,&6+2:06*
QRLQtFLRGRDUTXLYRIRQWH
$VOLVWDJHQVDVHJXLULOXVWUDPRTXHIRLGLWR
2PyGXORSULQFLSDO
(VWHPyGXORFKDPDDVXEURWLQD6+2:06*GHILQLGDHPRXWURPyGXOR3RU
LVVRSUHFLVDGDGLUHWLYD(;751
PILHA
SEGMENT STACK
DW 80H DUP(?)
PILHA
ENDS
DADOS
SEGMENT
MSG1
DB 'Foi chamada uma rotina de outro
segmento.$',0DH,0AH
DADOS
ENDS
CODE
SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DADOS,SS:PILHA
EXTRN
SHOWMSG:FAR
; AQUI!!
START: MOV AX,DADOS
MOV DS,AX
LEA AX,MSG1
PUSH AX
CALL FAR PTR SHOWMSG
ADD SP,2
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
CODE
ENDS
END START
3URJUDPDVFRPP~OWLSORVDUTXLYRV

2PyGXORFRPDVXEURWLQDDX[LOLDU
(VWHPyGXORGHILQHDVXEURWLQD6+2:06*FKDPDGDHPRXWURPyGXOR3RU
LVVRSUHFLVDH[SRUWiODFRPDGLUHWLYD38%/,&
PUBLIC SHOWMSG
AUXCODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:AUXCODE
SHOWMSG PROC FAR
PUSH BP
MOV BP,SP
MOV AH,09H
MOV DX,[BP+6]
INT 21H
POP BP
RET
SHOWMSG ENDP
AUXCODE ENDS
END
; AQUI!!
3DUD FULDU R SURJUDPD H[HFXWiYHO SULPHLUR VH PRQWDP RV PyGXORV FRP R
DVVHPEOHUXPGHFDGDYH](PVHJXLGDFKDPDVHROLQNHUSDVVDQGROKHFRPR
SDUkPHWURVRVQRPHV GRV GRLV DUTXLYRVREMHWR D H[WHQVmR QmR p QHFHVViULD
3RU GHIDXOW R QRPH GR DUTXLYR H[HFXWiYHO VHUi R PHVPR GR SULPHLUR
DUTXLYRREMHWRSDVVDGR
3RU H[HPSOR VH RV PyGXORV DFLPD IRUHP VDOYRV FRPR 7HVWDVP H
6KRZ0VJDVPUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHDJHUDomRGRH[HFXWiYHO7HVWH[HVHID]FRP
MASM TEST,,,,
MASM SHOWMSG,,,,
LINK TEST SHOWMSG,,,,

$QH[R'LYLVmRGHQ~PHURV
LQWHLURV
$ GLYLVmR GH Q~PHURV LQWHLURV HP SURJUDPDV HVFULWRV HP $VVHPEO\ p XP
FDStWXORH[WHQVRTXHQmRVHUiDERUGDGRHPVXDWRWDOLGDGHDTXL1RHQWDQWRp
PXLWR LQVWUXWLYR DSUHQGHU DR PHQRV FRPR VH ID] HVWD RSHUDomR HP DOJXQV
FDVRV$GLILFXOGDGHDVVRFLDGDDHVWDRSHUDomRpIUHTHQWHPHQWHVXEHVWLPDGD
YLVWR TXH R OHLJR DVVXPH TXH D LQVWUXomR ',9 GR SURFHVVDGRU UHVROYHUi R
SUREOHPD9HUHPRVDVHJXLUTXHLVWRQmRpDVVLPWmRVLPSOHV
(PERUDRPDWHULDODSUHVHQWDGRDTXLVHMDLOXVWUDGRFRPFyGLJRSDUDRRV
SULQFtSLRVVmRJHUDLVHSRGHPVHUDSOLFDGRVDRXWURVSURFHVVDGRUHV
2FRQMXQWRGHLQVWUXo}HVGRLQFOXLDLQVWUXomR',9TXHVHFRPSRUWDGH
GXDVIRUPDVGLVWLQWDVGHSHQGHQGRGHRRSHUDQGRXWLOL]DGRVHUXPUHJLVWUDGRU
GHRXGHELWV
',9UHJ!GLYLGH$;SHORUHJHFRORFDRTXRFLHQWHHP$/HRUHVWRHP
$+
',9UHJ!GLYLGH';$;SHORUHJHFRORFDRTXRFLHQWHHP$;HR
UHVWRHP';
$ SULQFtSLR SRGH SDUHFHU TXH FRP D VHJXQGD DOWHUQDWLYD p SRVVtYHO GLYLGLU
TXDOTXHUQ~PHURGHELWVSRURXWUR'HIDWRpSRVVtYHOGLYLGLUQ~PHURVGH
ELWVSRUQ~PHURVGHELWVFRORFDQGRRVZRUGVTXHFRPS}HPRGLYLVRU
HP '; H $; H R GLYLGHQGR SRU H[HPSOR HP %; H H[HFXWDQGR HQWmR D
LQVWUXomR',9%;
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TXRFLHQWH IRU WDO TXH FDLED HP $; H SRUWDQWR PHQRU GR TXH + &DVR
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VRIWZDUH ,17 + DFXVDQGR RYHUIORZ GH GLYLVmR 3RU H[HPSOR D LQVWUXomR
FLWDGD SRGH VHU XWLOL]DGD SDUD GLYLGLU + SRU + R TXRFLHQWH p

$+ H R UHVWR + PDV QmR SDUD GLYLGLU + SRU + FXMR
TXRFLHQWHVHULD$%&+
2TXHIRLGLWRDFLPDFRORFDSRUWDQWRRVHJXLQWHSUREOHPDFRPRXWLOL]DUGD
PDQHLUD PDLV HILFLHQWH D LQVWUXomR ',9 SDUD ID]HU D GLYLVmR GH TXDOTXHU
Q~PHUR GH ELWV SRU TXDOTXHU Q~PHUR GH ELWV" 2 WH[WR TXH VHJXH
DSUHVHQWDXPDOJRULWPRFRPHVVDILQDOLGDGH
6HMD'XPQ~PHURGHELWVTXHGHYHVHUGLYLGLGRSRUGXPQ~PHURGH
ELWV DPERV LQWHLURV VHP VLQDO (QWmR HVWDPRV LQWHUHVVDGRV HP FDOFXODU R
TXRFLHQWHHRUHVWRGDGLYLVmR
D

d
1RWHTXHRQ~PHUR'SRGHVHUHVFULWRQDIRUPD
D = 10000 H D1 + D0

HPTXH D1 H D0 VmRUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHRVZRUGVPDLVHPHQRVVLJQLILFDWLYRV
GH'
1RWH WDPEpP TXH FRP D LQVWUXomR ',9 VHPSUH VHUi SRVVtYHO GLYLGLU GRLV
Q~PHURV GH ELWV EDVWDQGR SDUD LVVR ID]HU '; + H FRORFDU R
GLYLGHQGRHP$;3RULVVRpSRVVtYHOID]HUDGLYLVmR
D1
d
HHVFUHYHU
D1 = q1d + r1

HP TXH q1 H r1 VmR UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH R TXRFLHQWH H R UHVWR GHVVD GLYLVmR
&RORFDQGRHHPYHP
10000 H r1 + D0
D

= 10000 H q1 +
d
d
$HTXDomRUHSUHVHQWDRSULPHLURSDVVRGDGLYLVmR(PSDUWLFXODUHVWiQRV
GL]HQGRTXHVHIRUSRVVtYHOID]HUDGLYLVmR
10000 H r1 + D0

d
H VH R UHVXOWDGR GHVWD MDPDLV SDVVDU GH ))))+ HQWmR q1 p R ZRUG PDLV
VLJQLILFDWLYRGRUHVXOWDGRSURFXUDGR
'LYLVmRGHQ~PHURVLQWHLURV

9HUHPRVDJRUDTXHpH[DWDPHQWHLVWRTXHDFRQWHFHSRUTXHDGLYLVmRQXQFD
SRGHFDXVDURYHUIORZ3DUDWDQWRFRQVLGHUHTXHRPDLRUYDORUTXH r1 SRGHWHU
p d 1 HTXHRPDLRUYDORUTXH D0 SRGHWHUp))))+(QWmR
10000 H r1 + D0 10000 H (d 1) + FFFFH

d
d
TXHSRGHVHUWUDEDOKDGDSDUDVHFKHJDUD
10000 H r1 + D0
d 1

FFFFH +
d
d
$ HTXDomR QRV GL] TXH R PDLRU TXRFLHQWH TXH SRGH VHU REWLGR FRPR
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',9FRORFDQGRVH r1 HP';H D0 HP$;(VWDGLYLVmRSHUPLWHHVFUHYHUR
UHVXOWDGRGHFRPR
10000 H r1 + D0

= q 0 d + r0
d
HPTXH q 0 H r0 VmRRTXRFLHQWHHRUHVWRGDGLYLVmRUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
&RORFDQGRHPYHP
r0
D

= 10000 H q1 + q 0 +
d
d
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SHORVZRUGV q1 H q 0 HTXHVHXUHVWRp r0
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SUHWHQGLGD
ID]HU'; H$; D1
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VDOYDU r0 FRPRUHVWR
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GRTXHELWV%DVWDFRPHoDUFRP'; H$; ZRUGPDLVVLJQLILFDWLYR
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5HIHUrQFLDVELEOLRJUiILFDV
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Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Formatos disponíveis

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salva PSW na pilha

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TAMANHO EQU 25H

DB 15H, 22H, ...

sinonimos para sub-rotinas em ROM

; le o digito mais significativo

; seta flags de acordo com X - Y

; ponto de continuao do programa

; seta flags de acordo com X - Y

; ponto de continuao do programa

; seta flags de acordo com X - Y

; seta flags de acordo com X - Y

; instrues executadas se X > Y

; ponto de continuao do programa

; seta flags de acordo com X - Y

; ponto de continuao do programa

; seta flags de acordo com X - Y

; instrues executadas se X < Y

; ponto de continuao do programa

2 SUy[LPR H[HPSOR LPSOHPHQWD XPD FRQVWUXomR GR WLSR if.. then...

; seta flags de acordo com X - Y

; salto para isolar o bloco seguinte

; seta flags de acordo com X - Y

; ponto de continuao do programa

seta flags de acordo com X - Y

; ponto de continuao do programa

seta flags de acordo com X - Y

; bloco de instrues a repetir indefinidamente

; bloco de instrues a repetir

; decrementa C e seta flags;

; bloco de instrues a repetir

; decrementa C e seta flags;

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; copia o word endereado por BX para AX

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; incrementar byte ou word ???

; incrementa o byte de offset BX

; incrementa o word de offset BX

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; copia o contedo de BX para AX

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; seta os flags de acordo com o

; copia para AX o word localizado

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