3&&

6,67(0$6 35(',$,6 ,

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D

,QFrQGLRV  +LGUDQWHV

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
JXD FRPR DJHQWH H[WLQWRU
? (OHYDGR FDORU HVSHFtILFR H ODWHQWH
? %DL[R FXVWR
0pWRGRV GH H[WLQomR XVDQGR iJXD
UHVIULDPHQWR
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MDWR HP SHTXHQDV JRWtFXODV  UHWLUD FDORU GR DPELHQWH
HQFKDUFDPHQWR
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iJXD SDUD YDSRU  YROXPH DXPHQWD  YH]HV
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DJHQWH VXIRFDGRU OtTXLGRV SHVDGRV
GLOXLomR RX HPXOVLILFDomR
iJXD GLOXtGD HP OtTXLGR LQIODPiYHO
3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
JXD FRPR DJHQWH H[WLQWRU FRQW
(YLWDU iJXD FRPR DJHQWH

HTXLSDPHQWRV HOpWULFRV

FHUWRV PDWHULDLV  FDUERQHWRV  SHUy[LGRV  VyGLR

PHWiOLFR

PDWHULDLV HPSLOKDGRV  WHQVmR VXSHUILFLDO

REMHWRV IUiJHLV  MDWR VyOLGR

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
(OHPHQWRV GR VLVWHPD GH KLGUDWHV

5(6(59$75,2

6,67(0$ '(
35(6685,=$d2

&$1$/,=$d2

(6*8,&+2
-$72

)2*2

6,67(0$ '(
&20$1'2

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
6LVWHPDV GH +LGUDQWHV
5HGH 3~EOLFD GH +LGUDQWHV

UHGH S~EOLFD GH DEDVWHFLPHQWR GH iJXD

SRXFD FRQILDELOLGDGH GH DEDVWHFLPHQWR

5HGH 3ULYDGD GH +LGUDQWHV

UHGH LQWHUQD H H[WHUQD DRV HGLItFLRV

UHVHUYDomR  SUHVVXUL]DomR  UHGH GH GLVWULEXLomR
 SRQWRV WHUPLQDLV

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
6LVWHPDV GH +LGUDQWHV
7LSRV GH 6LVWHPDV GH 5HVHUYDomR

6LVWHPDV FRP 5HVHUYD GH iJXD SDUD LQFrQGLR HP UHVHUYDWyULR LQIHULRU

ERPED GH LQFrQGLR  WDQTXH GH SUHVVmR
ERPED GH LQFrQGLR  ERPED MRFNH\
8WLOL]DomR
FRQMXQWR GH HGLILFDo}HV
HGLILFDo}HV KRUL]RQWDLV LQGXVWULDLV HWF
6LVWHPDV FRP 5HVHUYD GH iJXD SDUD LQFrQGLR HP UHVHUYDWyULR VXSHULRU
JUDYLGDGH FHQWUDO  UDPLILFDGR
JUDYLGDGH  ERPED GH LQFrQGLR
8WLOL]DomR
HGLItFLRV YHUWLFDLV
HGLItFLRV LQGXVWULDLV HWF
3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
$OLPHQWDomR SRU ERPED GH LQFrQGLR 
UHGH KRUL]RQWDO FHQWUDOL]DGD H
SUHVVXUL]DGD FRP WDQTXH GH SUHVVmR

FRQVXPR
UHV LQFrQGLR

5HVHUYDWyULR LQIHULRU

7DQTXH GH
SUHVVmR
%RPED GH
LQFrQGLR

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
5HVHUYDWyULR
,QIHULRU

%RPED
-RFNH\

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

%RPED GH
LQFrQGLR

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV 5HVHUYDWyULR
VXSHULRU

UHFDOTXH

FRQVXPR
UHVHUYD GH LQFrQGLR

$OLPHQWDomR SRU JUDYLGDGH 

UHGH KRUL]RQWDO

FRQVXPR
5HVHUYDWyULR
LQIHULRU

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
5HVHUYDWyULR
VXSHULRU

$OLPHQWDomR SRU *UDYLGDGH 

5HGH 9HUWLFDO

UHFDOTXH

FRQVXPR
UHVHUYD GH LQFrQGLR

FRQVXPR
%RPEDV GH
UHFDOTXH

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

5HVHUYDWyULR
LQIHULRU

10

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
rrhyvrv

$OLPHQWDomR SRU *UDYLGDGH

H ERPED GH LQFrQGLR

p
rrhqrvprqv

iihqrvprqv

puhrqrsy

H
X
T
O
D
F
H
U

iihqrvprqv
rrhyvvsrv

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

11

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
&RPSRQHQWHV GR 6LVWHPD GH +LGUDQWHV
6LVWHPD GH 5HVHUYDomR H 3UHVVXUL]DomR

5HVHUYDWyULR HQWHUUDGR  HOHYDGR

ERPEDV SULQFLSDO  MRFNH\ H WDQTXH GH SUHVVmR
FRPDQGR GR VLVWHPD  FKDYH GH IOX[R  ERWRHULD  SUHVVRVWDWR 
SDLQHO

6LVWHPD GH DOLPHQWDomR

5HGH GH WXEXODo}HV
FRQH[}HV  UHJLVWURV GH IHFKDPHQWR H PDQREUD
KLGUDQWHV
DEULJR
UHJLVWUR GH PDQREUD KLGUDQWH
PDQJXHLUD  PDQJRWLQKR
HVJXLFKR ORFDO
UHTXLQWH IRUPD GR MDWR

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

12

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
'LPHQVLRQDPHQWR GDV 5HGHV GH +LGUDQWHV
  &ODVVLILFDomR GH 5HGH 7XEXODo}HV

5HGH DEHUWD  6LVWHPD 5DPLILFDGR

5HGH )HFKDGD  6LVWHPD HP PDOKD
5HGH PLVWD  5DPLILFDGR  0DOKD

  (TXDo}HV %iVLFDV SDUD D DQiOLVH GH UHGH

 (TXDo}HV GH EDODQFHDPHQWR GDV MXQo}HV

 (TXDo}HV GH SHUGD GH FDUJD GH FRQGXWRV

 (TXDo}HV GH EDODQFHDPHQWR GRV DQpLV

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

13

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
(TXDo}HV GH %DODQFHDPHQWR GDV -XQo}HV
3ULQFtSLR GD &RQVHUYDomR GH PDVVD

4 + 4  + 4  = 4 

4

4

4
4

4 = 
FRQYHQomR GH VLQDO

(TXDo}HV GH SHUGD GH FDUJD GH FRQGXWRV

/ Y
K=I
KLM = 5 LM 4LM
' J
UHJLPHV GH
HVFRDPHQWR
I
3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

K p R IDWRU GH DWULWR IXQomR GR Q~PHUR GH 5H\QROGV H GD

UXJRVLGDGH UHODWLYD
Y p D YHORFLGDGH PpGLD
/ p R FRPSULPHQWR WRWDO
' p R GLkPHWUR

ODPLQDU
FUtWLFR
WXUEXOHQWR

KLGUDXOLFDPHQWH OLVR
KLGUDXOLFDPHQWH PLVWR
KLGUDXOLFDPHQWH UXJRVR

14

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
(TXDo}HV GH %DODQFHDPHQWR GH $QpLV

LM

SHUGDV GH FDUJD QRV

WUHFKRV GR DQHO

&RQYHQomR GH VLQDO

5HVROXomR GR VLVWHPD GH HTXDo}HV

(TXDo}HV QmR OLQHDUHV

(TXDo}HV GH MXQo}HV H GH DQpLV

0pWRGRV XWLOL]DGRV

+DUG\  &URVV 

1HZWRQ  5DSKVRQ 
7HRULD /LQHDU 
1HZWRQ PRGLILFDGR JDUDQWLU D FRQYHUJrQFLD
(OHPHQWRV ILQLWRV 

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

15

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
5HGHV UDPLILFDGDV FRP YiULRV KLGUDQWHV HP XVR VLPXOWkQHR
)RUPXODomR

5HVHUYDWyULR
VXSHULRU

=%
=  = 3G

+ = +

+
+
+

+

O
G

+

+

+

+

+

+


+

4
4
4
4

2
+ = N UHT . 45

RQGH
NUHT p R FRHILFLHQWH GH SHUGD GH FDUJD QR UHTXLQWH
2
+ = + + N 5 . 45

N 5 = NW + N P
O
NW = ( W + I W . G ). J 28.G 4
W

+ p D FDUJD HP PFD
O p R FRPSULPHQWR
G p R GLkPHWUR
4 p D YD]mR
+ D + VmR RV KLGUDQWHV

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

OP
N P = I P . . J 28.G 4
P
GP
RQGH
R tQGLFH W UHIHUHVH j WXEXODomR
R tQGLFH P UHIHUHVH j PDQJXHLUD

16

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
5HGHV UDPLILFDGDV FRP YiULRV KLGUDQWHV HP XVR VLPXOWkQHR
3DUD R HVTXHPD DQWHULRU VHJXLUHPRV R URWHLUR SURSRVWR 7UDWDVH
GH SURFHVVR LWHUDWLYR
5RWHLUR

3DVVR  + 4 = = % + (=1 2 + = 23 + = 3 4 ) +
1/ 2

1/ 2
1

.+ 4
44 =
N
UHT

3DVVR 

2
+ 4 = + 4 + N 5 .44

3DVVR 

2
+ 3 = + 4 = 3 4 + NF .44

3DVVR 

43 = . + 31/ 2
N
5

1/ 2

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

RQGH
R tQGLFH F UHIHUHVH DR FRQGXWR
RQGH

N 5 = N 5 + N UHT

17

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
5HGHV UDPLILFDGDV FRP YiULRV KLGUDQWHV HP XVR VLPXOWkQHR
3DVVR 

+ 2 = + 3 = 2 3 + NF (43 + 44 )

3DVVR 

42 = (

3DVVR 

+1 = + 2 =1 2 + NF .(42 + 43 + 44 ) 2

3DVVR 

1
41 = . +1
N
5

3DVVR 

+1 = N UHT .412

1 1/ 2
1
) . + 2/ 2

N5

1/ 2

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

18

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
5HGHV UDPLILFDGDV FRP YiULRV KLGUDQWHV HP XVR VLPXOWkQHR
3DVVR 
4

=%

4 = 4L

4
O%

G%

+

L =1

4

+1" = = % N % .4 2
R tQGLFH % UHIHUHVH DR EDUULOHWH

3DVVR 

+1 +1" 2.!
+1 + 1" UHLQLFLDU R SURFHVVR
REV FRHILFLHQWH GH SHUGD GH FDUJD HP VLQJXODULGDGH WDEHODGRV

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

19

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
([HPSOR

5HVHUYDWyULR
VXSHULRU
FRQVXPR
UHVHUYD GH LQFrQGLR



  

 

  



'LPHQVLRQDPHQWR GH VLVWHPD
GH KLGUDQWHV SRU JUDYLGDGH

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

KLGUDQWH GH SDVVHLR

+

20

6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV GH &RPEDWH D ,QFrQGLRV 

+LGUDQWHV
'DGR R HVTXHPD DQWHULRU YHULILFDU VHX GLPHQVLRQDPHQWR VHJXQGR DV
QRUPDV GR &% GH 63
5HVROXomR
$WHQGHUVHi D FRQGLomR GH DEDVWHFLPHQWR SRU JUDYLGDGH DRV KLGU$QWHV
VROLFLWDGRV
GDGRV
GDGRV

ULVFR D SURWHJHU 5HVLGHQFLDO

Q WRWDO GH KLGUDQWHV 
iUHD GH FRQVWUXomR  P

FRQGLo}HV

SUHVVmR QR KLGUDQWH PDLV GHVI PFD

YROXPH GH UHVHUYD SDUD FRPEDWH D LQFrQGLR VXILFLHQWH SDUD
WHQGHU D YD]mR SRU  PLQ

FRQKHFLGRV

IP 
IW 
NUHT  VHQGR 4 HP PV H + HP PFD

3&&  6LVWHPDV 3UHGLDLV ,

21