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a.
pqr a3 T rq= 1 qr a3 T rq +
2 qr a3 T rq +
3 qr a3 T rq
11 r a3 T r 1 +
=
21 r a3 T r 1 +
31 r a3 T r 1 Untuk
+
12 r a3 T r 2 +
22 r a3 T r 2 +
r q T rq =0 ;
32 r a3 T r 2 Untuk
+
13 r a3 T r 3 +
23 r a3 T r 3 +
33 r a3 T r 3
211 a 3 T 11 +
311 a3 T 11 +
121 a3 T 12 +
221 a3 T 12 +
321 a3 T 12 +
131 a3 T 13 +
231 a3 T 13 +
331 a3 T 13 +
212 a3 T 21 +
312 a3 T 21 +
122 a3 T 22 +
222 a3 T 22 +
322 a3 T 22 +
132 a3 T 23 +
232 a3 T 12 +
332 a3 T 23 +
213 a3 T 31 +
313 a3 T 31 +
123 a3 T 32 +
223 a3 T 32 +
323 a3 T 32 +
133 a3 T 33 +
233 a3 T 32 +
333 a3 T 33
111 a3 T 11 +
112 a3 T 21 +
113 a 3 T 31 +
0 . a3 .1 +
0 . a3 .1 +
0 . a3 .0 +
1 . a3 . 0 +
0 . a3 .0 +
1. a 3 . 0 +
0 . a3 .0 +
0 . a3 .0 +
0 . a3 .0 +
1. a 3 . 0 +
0 . a3 .1 +
0 . a3 .1 +
0 . a3 .1 +
1 . a3 . 0 + 0 . a3 .0 +
0 . a3 .0 +
1. a 3 . 0 + 0 . a3 .0 +
0 . a3 .0 +
0 . a3 .1 +
0 . a3 .1
= 0
b.
0 . a3 .0 +
1 . a3 . 0 +
pqr 2q V r = 1qr 2 q V r
11 r 21 V r
0 . a3 .0 +
0 . a3 .1 +
0 . a3 .0 +
0 . a3 .0 +
2 qr 2 q V r +
3 qr 2 q V r
21 r 21 V r +
31 r 21 V r +
12 r 22 V r +
p q r pqr =1
22 r 22 V r +
Untuk
32 r 22 V r Untuk
+
p q r pqr =1
p q pq=0 ;
dan p= p pq=1 ;
13 r 23 V r +
23 r 23 V r +
111 21 V 1 +
211 21 V 1 +
33 r 23 V r
311 21 V 1 +
121 22 V 1 +
221 22 V 1 +
321 22 V 1 +
131 23 V 1 +
231 23 V 1 +
331 23 V 1 +
112 21 V 2 +
212 21 V 2 +
312 21 V 2
122 22 V 2 +
222 22 V 2 +
322 22 V 2 +
132 23 V 2 +
232 23 V 2 +
332 23 V 2 +
113 21 V 3 +
213 21 V 3 +
313 21 V 3 +
123 22 V 3 +
223 22 V 3 +
323 22 V 3 +
133 23 V 3 +
233 23 V 3 +
333 23 V 3
0 . 0. V 1 + 0 . 0 .V 1 + 0 . 0 .V 1 +
0 .1 . V 1 + 0 .1 . V 1 +
1 . 1. V 1 +
0 . 0 .V 1 + 1. 0 . V 1 + 0 . 0 .V 1 +
0 . 0 .V 2 + 0 . 0 .V 2 +
0 .1 . V 2 + 0 .1 . V 2 +
1. 0 . V 2 +
0 .1 . V 2 +
1 . 0 .V 2 + 0 . 0 .V 2 + 0 . 0 .V 2 +
0 . 0 .V 3 +
1 . 0 .V 3 + 0 . 0 .V 3 +
1. 1 .V 3 + 0 .1 . V 3 + 0 .1 . V 3 +
0 . 0 .V 3 +
V3
c.
uvu
=
=
0 . 0 .V 3 + 0 . 0 .V 3
V1
e ijk ei u j v k u j e j
e ijk u j v k u j e i e j
e ijk u j v k u j ij
u j v k u j eijk ij
=0
d.
i ei x i e i
i xi e i e i
i xi ii
=
=
dimana :
=i e i
dan
x=x i e i
i xi
x 1 x 2 x3
+
+
x 1 x 2 x3
=
=3
e.
=
=
=
=
i ei x i ei
i xi e i ei
i xi e ijk ei e j e k
i xi e ijk jk e i
=0
f.
a pq b pq
=
=
a1 q b1 q +a 2 q b 2 q+a3 q b3 q
a pq b pq
dimana :
a pq =aqp
b pq =bqp
dan
2) Suatu kontinum yang awalnya berbentuk seperti tergambar memiliki ukuran sisi-sisinya pada
arah sumbu 1,2, dan 3 berturut-turut adalah : 2 x 1 x 2 satuan.
Kontinum mengalami homogenus motion yang merupakan kombinasi dari uniform
extension dan simple shear sbb:
x 1=0,98 X 1
x 2=1,04 X 2
x 3=0,96 X 2 +1,02 X 3
{}[
]{ }
x1
X1
0,98
0
0
x 2 = 0 1,04
0
X2
0
0,96
1,02
x3
X3
x=F X
C
= [F] [ F]
[
[
][
0,98
0
0 0,98
0
0
0
1,04 0,96 0
1,04
0
0
0
1,02 0
0,96 1,02
0,9604
0
0
0
2,0032 0,9792
0
0,9792 1,0404
Menghitung panjang serat AF, AC, dan CF pada sebelum dan setelahnmengalami deformasi :
AF =
A 1=
0
=0
;
5
A=0 e1
-
A 2=
1
2
=0,4472 ; A 3= =0,8944
5
5
0,4472 e20,8944 e 3
Menentukan Stretch
2
=C A A
2
=Cij A j A i
2=C1 j A j A 1+C 2 j A j A2 +C 3 j A j A3
2
=0,4496
= 0 , 4496=0,6705
-
a=
F A
([
] [ ]) [ ]
0,98
0
0
0
0
1,04
0
0,4472
0
0,96 1,02 0,8944
0,6705
0
0,4651
0,4830
=
0,6705
[ ] {}
0
0,6937
0,7203
a1=0 ;
a1
a2
a3
atau
a=0 e 1
AC =
A 1=
2
=0,7071
;
8
A=0,7071e 1
-
0,6937 e 20,7203 e 3
A 2=
0
2
=0 ; A3=
=0,7071
8
8
0 e 20,7071 e3
Menentukan Stretch
2=C A A
2
=Cij A j A i
2
=C1 j A j A 1+C 2 j A j A2 +C 3 j A j A3
2=C11 A 1 A 1 +C21 A1 A 2+ C31 A1 A3 +
C12 A2 A 1+C 22 A2 A2 +C 32 A 2 A3 +
C13 A 3 A 1+ C23 A3 A 2+ C33 A3 A 3
2
( 0 ) ( 0 ) ( 0,7071 0 ) + ( 2,0032 ) ( 0 ) ( 0 )+
(0,9792)(0)(0,7071)+
F A
atau
a=
([
] [ ]) [ ]
0,98
0
0
0,7071
0
1,04
0
0
0
0,96 1,02 0,7071
1,0002
0,6929
0
0,7212
=
1,0002
[ ] {}
0,6928
0
0,7210
a1=0,6928 ;
a=0,6928 e1
0 e 20,7210 e 3
CF =
A 1=
2
=0,8944
;
5
A=0,8944 e1
-
a1
a2
a3
A 2=
1
0
=0,4472 ; A 3=
=0
5
5
0,4472 e2 +0 e 3
Menentukan Stretch
2
=C A A
2
=Cij A j A i
2=C1 j A j A 1+C 2 j A j A2 +C 3 j A j A3
2
atau
=1,1689
=1,1689=1,0811
-
a=
F A
([
] [ ]) [ ]
0,98
0
0
0,8944
0
1,04
0 0,4472
0
0,96 1,02
0
1,0811
0,8765
0,4651
0,4293
=
1,0811
[ ] {}
0,8107
0,4302
0,3971
a1=0,8107 ;
a=0,8107 e1
a1
a2
a3
0,4302 e2 +0,3971 e 3
Serat AF sebagai
0
1
( 2)+( 2)+(22)= 5
A F =
A 1=
0
=0
;
5
A=0 e1
A 2=
1
2
=0,4472 ; A 3= =0,8944
5
5
0,4472 e20,8944 e 3
C A A=0,449 6
atau
Serat AC sebagai
'
2
0
( 2)+( 2)+(22)= 8
AC =
A '1=
2
=0,7071
;
8
A '2=
'
A =0,7071 e 1
'
0
2
=0 ; A'3=
=0,7071
8
8
atau
0 e 20,7071 e3
'
C A A =1,000 4
'
'
C A A =C ij A j A i
C1 j A j A '1+ C2 j A j A '2+C 3 j A j A '3
C11 A 1 A'1 +C 21 A 1 A '2 +C31 A1 A '3+
C12 A2 A '1+C 22 A2 A'2 +C 32 A 2 A'3 +
C13 A 3 A '1+ C23 A3 A '2+ C33 A3 A '3
C A A' =( 0,9604 ) ( 0 ) ( 0,7071 )+ ( 0 ) ( 0 ) ( 0 ) +
(0)( 0)(0,7071)+ ( 0 ) ( 0,4472 ) ( 0,7071 ) +
( 2,0032 ) ( 0,4472 ) ( 0 ) +
(0,9792)(0,4472)(0,7071)+
( 0 ) (0.8944 ) ( 0,7071 ) +
( 0,9792 ) (0.8944 ) ( 0 ) +
( 1,0404 ) (0.8944)(0,7071)
'
C A A =0,364 0
-
'
cos =A A =
(
=
0,7071 e1
0 e 20,7071 e3
( 0 0,7071) + ( 0,4472 0 ) +
(0,8944 0,7071)
= 0,6324
=arc cos 0,6324
=50,7726
0,3640
( 0,4496 ) ( 1,0004 )
cos =0,5427
Serat CF sebagai
2
1
( 2)+( 2)+(0 2)= 5
CF =
A 1=
2
=0,8944
;
5
A=0,8944 e1
A 2=
1
0
=0,4472 ; A 3= =0
5
5
atau
0,4472 e2 +0 e 3
C A A=Cij A j Ai
C1 j A j A 1+ C2 j A j A 2+C 3 j A j A 3
C11 A 1 A1 +C 21 A 1 A 2 +C31 A1 A 3+
C12 A2 A 1+C 22 A2 A2 +C 32 A 2 A3 +
C13 A 3 A 1+ C23 A3 A 2+ C33 A3 A 3
( 0 ) (0,8944 ) ( 0,4472 ) +
(0)(0,8944)(0)+
( 0 ) ( 0,4472 ) (0,8944 ) +
( 0 ) ( 0 ) (0.8944 ) +
( 0,9792 ) ( 0 ) ( 0,4472 )+
( 1,0404 ) (0)(0)
C A A=1,168 9
Serat CA sebagai
A'
2
0
( 2)+( 2)+(22 )= 8
CA =
A '1=
2
=0,7071
;
8
'
A =0,7071 e1
A '2=
0
2
=0 ; A'3= =0,7071
8
8
atau
0 e 2+ 0,7071e 3
'
'
'
'
'
C1 j A j A 1+ C2 j A j A 2+C 3 j A j A 3
C11 A '1 A'1 +C 21 A '1 A '2 +C31 A'1 A '3+
'
'
'
'
'
'
C12 A2 A 1+C 22 A2 A2 +C 32 A 2 A3 +
C13 A '3 A '1+ C23 A'3 A '2+ C33 A'3 A '3
C A ' A ' =( 0,9604 ) (0,7071 ) (0,7071) +
( 0 ) (0,7071 ) ( 0 )+
(0)(0,7071)(0,7071)+
( 0 ) ( 0 ) (0,7071 )+
( 2,0032 ) ( 0 ) ( 0 )+
(0,9792)(0) (0,7071)+
( 0 ) ( 0,7071 ) (0,7071 ) +
( 0,9792 ) ( 0,7071 ) ( 0 )+
( 1,0404 ) (0,7071)(0,7071)
'
'
C A A =1,000 4
C A A' =C ij A j A 'i
'
'
'
C1 j A j A 1+ C2 j A j A 2+C 3 j A j A 3
C11 A 1 A'1 +C 21 A 1 A '2 +C31 A1 A '3+
'
'
'
C12 A2 A 1+C 22 A2 A2 +C 32 A 2 A3 +
C13 A 3 A '1+ C23 A3 A '2+ C33 A3 A '3
C A A' =( 0,9604 ) (0,8944 ) (0,7071 ) +
( 0 ) (0,8944 ) ( 0 ) +
(0)(0,8944)(0,7071)+
( 0 ) ( 0,4472 ) (0,7071 ) +
( 2,0032 ) ( 0,4472 ) ( 0 ) +
(0,9792)(0,4472)(0,7071)+
( 0 ) ( 0 ) (0,7071 )+
( 0,9792 ) ( 0 ) ( 0 ) +
( 1,0404 ) (0)( 0,7071)
C A A' =0,917 0
-
'
cos =A A =
(
0,7071e 1
0 e 2+ 0,7071e 3
0,6324
(0 0,7071)
0,9170
( 1,1689 ) ( 1,0004 )
cos =0,8480
=arc cos 0,8480
=32,0052
-
Serat FA sebagai
0
1
( 2)+( 2)+(22 )= 5
FA =
A 1=
0
=0
;
5
A=0 e1
A 2=
1
2
=0,4472 ; A 3= =0,8944
5
5
atau
0,4472 e2 +0,8944 e3
C A A=Cij A j Ai
C1 j A j A 1+ C2 j A j A 2+C 3 j A j A 3
C11 A 1 A1 +C 21 A 1 A 2 +C31 A1 A 3+
C12 A2 A 1+C 22 A2 A2 +C 32 A 2 A3 +
C13 A 3 A 1+ C23 A3 A 2+ C33 A3 A 3
C A A=( 0,9604 ) ( 0 ) ( 0 ) +
( 0 ) ( 0 ) (0,4472 )+
(0)(0)(0,8944)+
( 0 ) (0,4472 ) ( 0 )+
( 0 ) ( 0,8944 ) ( 0 ) +
( 0,9792 ) ( 0,8944 ) (0,4472 )+
( 1,0404 ) (0,8944)(0,8944)
C A A=0,449 5
Serat FC sebagai
A'
2
1
( 2)+( 2)+(0 2)= 5
FC =
A '1=
2
=0,8944
;
5
'
A =0,8944 e1
A '2=
1
0
=0,4472 ; A '3= =0
5
5
atau
0,4472 e2 +0 e 3
'
'
'
'
'
C1 j A j A 1+ C2 j A j A 2+C 3 j A j A 3
C11 A '1 A'1 +C 21 A '1 A '2 +C31 A'1 A '3+
'
'
'
'
'
'
C12 A2 A 1+C 22 A2 A2 +C 32 A 2 A3 +
C13 A '3 A '1+ C23 A'3 A '2+ C33 A'3 A '3
C A ' A ' =( 0,9604 ) ( 0,8944 ) ( 0,8944 ) +
( 0 ) ( 0,8944 ) (0,4472 ) +
(0)(0,8944)(0)+
( 0 ) (0,4472 ) ( 0,8944 ) +
( 2,0032 ) (0,4472 ) (0,4472 )+
(0,9792)(0,4472)(0)+
( 0 ) ( 0 ) ( 0,8944 ) +
( 0,9792 ) ( 0 ) (0,4472 ) +
( 1,0404 ) (0)(0)
'
'
C A A =1,168 9
'
'
C A A =C ij A j A i
C1 j A j A '1+ C2 j A j A '2+C 3 j A j A '3
'
'
'
C11 A 1 A1 +C 21 A 1 A 2 +C31 A1 A 3+
C12 A2 A '1+C 22 A2 A'2 +C 32 A 2 A'3 +
'
'
'
( 0 ) ( 0 ) (0,4472 )+
(0)(0)(0)+
( 0 ) (0,4472 ) ( 0,8944 ) +
( 2,0032 ) (0,4472 ) (0,4472 )+
(0,9792)(0,4472)(0)+
( 0 ) ( 0,8944 ) ( 0,8944 )+
C A A =0,00896
-
'
cos =A A =
(
=
0,8944 e 1
0,4472 e2 +0 e 3
( 0 0,8944 ) + (0,44720,4472 )+
(0,89844 0)
= 0,2000
=arc cos 0,2000
=78,4630
0,00896
( 0,4495 ) ( 1,1689 )
cos =0,0124
=arc cos 0,0124
=89,2895
-
0,98
0
0
[ F ] = 0 1,04 0
0
0,96 1,02
0,98 0
0
J =Det [ F ]= Det 0 1,04
0
0 0,96 1,02
V 0=2 1 2=4
V t =V 0 Det [ F ] =4 1,0396=4,158 4
[ C ]=
0,9604
0
0
0
2,0032 0,9792
0
0,9792 1,0404
(C 1)=0
[
[
][ ]
]
0,9604
0
0
1 0 0
0
2,0032 0,9792 0 1 0 =0
0
0,9792 1,0404
0 0 1
0,9604
0
0
0
2,0032
0,9792 =0
0
0,9792
1,0404
1=2,6129
Arahnya :
[
[
]{ } { }
a1
0,96042,6129
0
0
0
0
2,00322,6129
0,9792
a2 = 0
0
0,9792
1,04042,6129 a 3
0
]{ } { }
a1
1,6525
0
0
0
0
0,6079 0,9792 a 2 = 0
0
0,9792 1,5725 a3
0
0,5933
2,7307+0,1379+0,3520=|0|
3,2206=|0|
1,7946=|0|
A 1=
Jadi :
1,6525
=0,9208
1,7946
A 2=
0,3713
=0,2069
1,7946
A 3=
0,5933
=0,3306
1,7946
A=0,9208 e 1
0,2069 e 20,3306 e 3
Lagrangian ( )
=
([
] [ ])
0
0
1 0 0
1
1 0,9604
C1 =
0
2,0032 0,9792 0 1 0
2
2
0
0,9792 1,0404
0 0 1
][
0,0396
0
0
0,0198
0
0
0
1,0032 0,9792 =
0
0,5016 0,4896
0
0,9792 0,0404
0
0,4896 0,0202
Eularian ()
=
1
1B1
2
Dimana
[ B ] =[ F ] [ F ]T
Dimana
)
Left Cauchy Green Deformation Tensor
0,98
[ F ]= 0
0
]
][
0
0
1,04
0
0,96 1,02
0,98 0
0 0,98
0
0
B= 0 1,04
0
0 1,04 0,96
0 0,96 1,02 0
0
1,02
[ B ]=
=
0,9604
0
0
0
1,0816 0,9984
0
0,9984 1,9620
0,9604
0
0
0
1,0816 0,9984
0
0,9984 1,9620
1
1B1
2
([ ] [
([ ] [
[
[
0,9604
0
0
1 1 0 0
0 1 0 0
1,0816 0,9984
2
0 0 1
0
0,9984 1,9620
])
0
0
1 1 0 0 1,0412
0 1 0 0
1,7425 0,8872
2
0 0 1
0
0,8872 0,9611
1
2
0,0412
0
0
0
0,7425 1,8872
0
1,8872 0,0389
0,0206
0
0
0
0,37125 0,9436
0
0,9436
0,001945
e. Linierisasi ( E)
E=
1
H +HT
2
])
H=F1
][ ][
][
])
][
]
0,98
0
0
1 0 0 0,02
0
0
=
0
1,04
0
0 1 0
0
0,04
0
0
0,96 1,02
0 0 1
0
0,96 0,02
([
[
E=
0
0
0,02
0
0
1 0,02
+
0
0,04
0
0
0,04 0,96
2
0
0,96 0,02
0
0
0,02
E=
1
2
0,04
0
0
0,02
0
0
0
0,08 0,96 = 0
0,04 0,48
0
0,96 0,04
0
0,48 0,02
< E<
Serat OC
OC =2
A=e1
C=
0,9604
0
0
0
2,0032 0,9792
0
0,9792 1,0404
2=Cij
2=C11
2=0,9604
2=0,9604
=0,98
l
=
OC
l
=0,98
2
l=0,98 2=1,96
-
Serat OF
OF =1
A=e2
0,9604
0
0
C= 0
2,0032 0,9792
0
0,9792 1,0404
2
=Cij
=C22
2=2,0032
2=2,0032
=1,4153
l
=
OF
l
=1,4153
1
l=1,4153 1=1,4153
-
Serat OA
OA =2
A=e3
0,9604
0
0
C= 0
2,0032 0,9792
0
0,9792 1,0404
2=Cij
2=C33
2=1,0404
2
=1,0404
=1,02
l
=
OA
l
=1,02
2
l=1,02 2=2,04
SudutAOC
A=e3
A ' =e 1
cos =
cos =
C A A'
( C A A ) ( C A ' A ' )
0
1,02 0,98
cos =0
=arc cos 0
=90
-
SudutAOF
A=e3
'
A =e 2
cos =
cos =
C A A'
( C A A ) ( C A ' A ' )
0,9792
1,02 1,4153
cos =0 ,6783
=arc cos 0 ,6783
=47,2890
SudutCOF
A=e1
A ' =e 2
cos =
cos =
C A A'
( C A A ) ( C A ' A ' )
0
0,98 1,4153
cos =0
=arc cos 0
=90
x=( e X 1) e1 + ( e X 2) e2 + [ X 2+ ( e 1 ) X 3 ] e 3
t
{}[
]{ }
x1
e
=
x2
0
x3
0
0
0
X1
t
e
0
X2
t
1 e 1 X 3
x=F X
L= F F
[
[
] [
][
0
0
e
0
0
1
t
t
;
F
=
e
0
0
e
0
t
2 t
t
t
0 e
0 1e +e
e + et 1
e
= 0
F
0
et 0
0 et
0
0
t
t
L= 0
e
0
0
e
0
t
2 t
t
t
0
0 e
0 1e + e
e + et 1
e
0
0
2t
0
1
t
3 t
e +e
2 t
W=
1
T
LL
2
e
0
0
2t
e
0
0
0
0
2t
t
e 1+e
)
0
1
et + e3 t e2 t
1
2
2t
0
0
e 2 t1+ et
0
0
t
3 t
1 e + e e2t
0 e 2 t1+ et
0
0
0
1
t
W= 0
0
e e3 t + e2 t
2
t
3 t
2 t
0 e + e e
0
D=
1
L+ LT
2
e 2 t
0
0
0
1
0
+
t
3 t
2 t
2t
t
0
e + e e
e 1+ e
1
2
[
[
e 2 t 0
0
t
3 t
0
1 e + e e2t
0
0 e 2 t1+ et
2 e 2t
0
0
1
t
3 t
D=
0
2
e +e e2 t
2
0
e t +e3 t e2 t (2 e 2t 2+2 et )
w i=eijk W jk
w 1=e1 jk W jk
( e 11k W 1 k + e12 k W 2 k + e13 k W 3 k )
e 111 W 11 + e112 W 12 +e 113 W 13+
w 2=e2 jk W jk
( e 21k W 1 k +e 22k W 2 k +e 23 k W 3 k )
e 211 W 11 +e 212 W 12+ e213 W 13+
w 3=e3 jk W jk
( e 31k W 1 k +e 32k W 2 k +e 33 k W 3 k )
e 311 W 11 +e 312 W 12+ e313 W 13+
et + e3 t e2 t
w i=
0
0
4) Diketahui Komponen dari tensor tegangan suatu titik A pada suatu kontinum yang mengalami
[T ]
deformasi
, Adalah :
[ ]
1 6 3
6 4 2
3 2 1
n1 , n2 , n3
1T
6
3
6
4T
2
3
2 =0
1T
(1T ) ( ( 4T ) ( 1T ) 2 2 )
4T
6 2(( ) 3)=0
6 ( 6 ( 1T )2 3 ) +3
( 1T ) ( 5 T +T 2 ) (36 T ) + ( 9 T ) =0
( 40 T +6 T 2 T 3 ) =0
dengan cara menggunakan kalkulator diperoleh :
T 1 =10; T 2=4 ; T 3=0
-
Untuk T = 10
[
[
][
]{ } { }
{ }
110
6
3
9 6
3
=
6
410
2
6 6 2
3
2
110
3
2 9
9 6
3 n1
0
6 6 2 n2 = 0
3
2 9 n3
0
0,5976
1
(n) = 0,7171
0,3586
0,7171 e2 +0,3586 e 3
T1 , T2 , T3 ,
dan
Untuk T = 0
[
][ ]
[ ]{ } { }
{ }
10
6
3
1 6 3
6
40
2 =6 4 2
3
2
10
3 2 1
1 6 3 n1
0
6 4 2 n2 = 0
3 2 1 n3
0
0
2
(n) = 0,4472
0,8944
Untuk T = -4
][ ]
1(4 )
6
3
5 6 3
=6 8 2
6
4(4)
2
3
2
1(4) 3 2 5
[ ]{ } { }
{ }
5 6 3 n1
0
=
6 8 2 n2
0
3 2 5 n3
0
0,8018
3
(n) = 0,5345
0,2673
b. Matrix transformasi
[ M ]=
0,5345 e 2+0,2673 e 3
[M]
0,5976
0,7171 0,3586
0
0,4472 0,8944
0,8018 0,5345 0,2673
0,5976
[ M ] = 0,7171 0,4472
0,3586
0,8944
0,8018
0,5345
0,2673
c. Komponen dari tensor tegangan di titk A tersebut mengacu pada sumbu referensi
[ T' ]
[ T ' ]= [ M ] [ T ] [ M T ]
[ T ' ]=
[ T ' ]=
[
[
][ ] [
0,5976
0,7171 0,3586 1 6 3 0,5976
0
0,8018
0
0,4472 0,8944 6 4 2 0,7171 0,4472 0,5345
0,8018 0,5345 0,2673 3 2 1 0,3586 0,8944
0,2673
10 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 4